e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH BATTERY CHARGING AND
DISCHARGING OPERATION USING ANN MPPT TECHNIQUE
Aniruddh Shinde*1, Mfar Satarkar*2, Pritam Gaikwad*3,
Prachi Kotwal*4
*1M-Tech Scholar, Department Of EE, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,
Lonere, India.
*2HOD, Department Of EE, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, India.
*3,4Asst. Professor, Department Of EE, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,
Lonere, India.
ABSTRACT
This paper present the new artificial neural network maximum power point monitoring technique it's used to
essence the optimal power for a 1300W solar PV system. This method is used to maximize power point under
various irradiance problems. By effectively controlling boost converter, Solar PV generation has an essential
role in battery charging operation. The bidirectional converter is used for battery charging and discharging
operations to inspect the outcomes of different irradiance conditions. This project work is MATLAB software.
Keywords: Solar PV Module, Boost Converter, Bidirectional Converter, Artificial Neural Network-Based MPPT,
And Battery.
I. INTRODUCTION
Traditional energy sources like oil, coal, and gas have shown to be incredibly efficient environmental
chauffeurs. To get over this issue it utilized sustainable resources, considering they can potentially in idea
satisfy many times the globe’s power needs. End-to-end power solutions can be provided by sustainable
resources such as biomass, wind, sun, hydropower, and geothermal energy are all based on locally available
sources [1].Solar power generally relies on temperature as well as solar irradiance problems. For a small alter
in solar irradiation and also temperature worth optimal, feasible power removal from the solar PV system is
various maximum power points can be acquired from the PV curve of PV setup. Boost converter helps to attain
maximum power points of PV panel. The different maximum PowerPoint methods utilized the essence the
optimal power, such as continuous voltage (CV), temperature level (T), open voltage (OV), comments voltage
(FV), perturbation and monitoring (P&M), step-by-step conductance (IC), fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and
artificial neural network [3], [4]. The aim of the project is a solar photovoltaic system using the ANN MPPT
technique with battery charging and discharging operation. To generate optimal power, the artificial neural
network MPPT technology is used at varying irradiances, a bidirectional converter is used for battery charging
and discharging [5].
II. DESIGN SOLAR PV SYSTEM
The solar photovoltaic system transforms the Sun's radiation, through light, into functional electrical energy. It
makes up the solar array and the relaxation of the system's components. PV systems can be classified by
various aspects, for example, Rack-mounted, residential, Rooftop, ground-mounted, and fixed-tilt systems. A
comparable circuit of the solar PV system is illustrated in Figure.1.

Figure 1: Comparable circuit of solar PV system

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The equation for this comparable circuit using Kirchhoff’s current law:
(1)

The I-V characteristics of the PV panel in Equation. (1) and Equation. (2).

[ ( ) ]

Where Iph is the photon current at given irradiance at a given temperature, Id is the diode current, Rs and Rsh is
a series resistor, shunt resistor, Ipv or Io output current of the solar PV panel, and Vt is the thermal voltage.
P-V and I-V characteristics are illustrated in Figure.2 and Table.1. shows the specification of the 150W PV module
at 1000 w/m2 and 25℃. Series connected module per string is 3 and parallel string is 3. Maximum power
produces 1300W [2].

Figure 2: P-V and I-V characteristics of solar PV module

Table 1. 150W PV module at 25℃ and 1000 w/m2
SN. Specification Value
1. voltage at maximum power point (Vmpp) 34.5V
2. Current at maximum power point (Impp) 4.35A
3. Maximum output power 150W
4. Cells per module 72
5. Parallel strings 3
6. Series connected modules per string (Ns) 3
7. Open circuit voltage (Voc) 41.8V
8. Short circuit current (Isc) 5.05A
Solar PV system using ANN MPPT technique with battery charging and discharging operation of the circuit
diagram is illustrated in Figure.3.

Figure 3: Circuit representation of solar PV system using ANN MPPT technique with
battery charging and discharging operation

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III. DESIGN BOOST CONVERTER
A boost converter is among the easiest types of switch-mode converter. As the name recommends, it takes an
input voltage as well as boosts or enhances. The two most prevalent types of switches are MOSFET and IGBT.
There are two modes of operation for the boost converter. The first mode is switched is open the input current
increases and flows through the inductor and the capacitor stores energy. The second mode is switched is
closed The input current currently flows through the inductor and the capacitor release energy. The circuit
representation of the boost converter is illustrated in Figure.4 [6].

Figure 4: Circuit representation of the boost converter

Design the components values of boost converter by given formulae. Table.2. shows the components of the boost
converter.

Table 2. Component values of the Boost Converter

SN. Component Value
1. Inductor 7mH
2. Input capacitor 1000µF
3. Output capacitor 231µF
4. Resistor 20Ω
5. Input voltage 130V
6. Output voltage 260V
7. Switching frequency 25khz
IV. DESIGN BIDIRECTIONAL CONVERTER
The term "bidirectional converter" refers to a converter that can step up or down. an associated controller and
gate-signal generator convert DC voltage from one side of the converter to the other. Bidirectional converters
help transform between power storage space areas and utilize, as an example, in battery charging and
discharging procedures, and Electric cars. Bidirectional converter operating in two-mode. First is a buck mode
is on, switch S1 closed and switch S2 open then the battery is in charging mode. The second is a boost mode is
on, switch S2 closed and switch S1 open then the battery is in discharging mode. The circuit representation of
the bidirectional converter is illustrated in Figure.5.

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Figure 5: Circuit representation of the bidirectional converter

The controller block diagram of a bidirectional converter is shown in Figure.6. To control the battery current
when charging and discharging, we employed a PI controller. Change the current reference value is positive
then charge the battery and if the current reference value is negative then discharge the battery [7], [8], and [9].

Figure 6: Controller block diagram of a bidirectional converter

Design the components value of the bidirectional converter by given formulae. Table.3. shows the components of
the bidirectional converter.

Table 3. Component values of the bidirectional converter

SN. Component Value
1. Inductor 1.5mH
2. Input capacitor 1000µF
3. Output capacitor 2µF
4. Battery 60V 100 Ah
5. Input voltage 250V
6. Output voltage 120V
7. Switching frequency 25khz

V. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK-BASED MPPT

The artificial neural network is an info processing standard that's motivated incidentally organic nerve system,
such as the mind, procedure info. It's the unique framework of the info refining system. It's made up of a lot of
extremely connected parts that work together to solve problems. The mathematical symbol xn is used to
represent network inputs. Each of these inputs is multiplied by the link weight, wn total = w1 x1 +......+ ……+ wnxn
These items are just summed, fed with the transfer function, f( ) to produce a result, and after that output. A
block representation of ANN MPPT is shown in Figure.7.
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The network is gained through training using the Levenberg-Marquardt formula. Another formula is utilized the
enhance the training. For different mixes of solar irradiance and temperature level degree well worth obligation
proportion is identified and ANN is trained. In order to get the desired outcomes, the weights of layers must be
adjusted during neural network training. Throughout the training, procedure weights are gotten used to tracking
the target values with minimum error. The efficiency function of ANN is the mean squared error. If a is the
present output, t is the target, after that MSE:

Figure 7: Block representation of ANN Structure

The four steps to designing the ANN MPPT first step is the data collection, the second step is the selection of The
training of the neural network is depicted in the network structure, and the third and final phase is the testing of
train data Figure.8, and the Block of function fitting neural network is shown in Figure.9 [10], [11].

Figure 8: Train neural network

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Figure 9: Block of function fitting neural network

VI. SIMULATION RESULTS OF SPV SYSTEM WITH BATTERY CHARGING AND
DISCHARGING OPERATION USING ANN MPPT

(a)

(b)

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(c)

(d)
Figure 10: Irradiance 1000w/m2 & Temperature 25℃ (a) Charging operation without load (b)
Discharging operation without load (c) Charging operation with resistive load (d) discharging
operation with resistive load

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(a)

(b)

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(c)

(d)
Figure 11: Irradiance 900w/m2 & Temperature 25℃ (a) Charging operation without load
(b) Discharging operation without load (c) Charging operation with resistive load (d) discharging
operation with resistive load

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(a)

(b)

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(c)

(d)
Figure 12: Irradiance 800w/m2 & Temperature 25℃ (a) Charging operation without load (b) Discharging
operation without load (c) Charging operation with resistive load (d) discharging operation with resistive load

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(a)

(b)

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(c)

(d)
Figure 13: Irradiance 700w/m2 & Temperature 25℃ (a) Charging operation without load (b) Discharging
operation without load (c) Charging operation with resistive load (d) discharging operation with resistive load

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(a)

(b)

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(c)

(d)
Figure 14: Irradiance 600w/m2 & Temperature 25℃ (a) Charging operation without load (b) Discharging
operation without load (c) Charging operation with resistive load (d) discharging operation with resistive load

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(a)

(b)

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(c)

(d)
Figure 15: Irradiance 500w/m2 & Temperature 25℃ (a) Charging operation without load (b) Discharging
operation without load (c) Charging operation with resistive load (d) discharging operation with resistive load
This paper presents a solar photovoltaic system with battery charging and discharging operation using the ANN
MPPT technique. The Graph 10 to 15 irradiance 1000w/m2, 900w/m2, 800w/m2, 700w/m2, and 600w/m2,
500w/m2 for charging operation without load. The current will be flow from positive to negative terminal of the
battery when total potential difference is greater than electromotive force battery is charged.
The graph 13 to 15 irradiance 700w/m2, and 600w/m2, 500w/m2 for charging operation with resistive load. The
battery is discharging because current will be flow from negative to positive terminal of the battery when
electromotive force is greater than total potential difference battery is discharge.
The graph 10 to 15 irradiance 1000w/m2, 900w/m2, 800w/m2, 700w/m2, and 600w/m2, 500w/m2 for
discharging operation without load and with resistive load. The current will be flow from negative to positive
terminal of the battery when electromotive force is greater than total potential difference battery is discharge.
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Table 4. Solar photovoltaic system with battery charging operation using ANN MPPT technique without load
1000w/m2 900w/m2 800w/m2 700w/m2 600w/m2 500w/m2
SN System
&25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃
1. Solar PV voltage 32.1V 32.07V 32.04V 31.01V 31.98V 31.96V
2. Solar PV current 14.71A 13.24A 11.78A 10.31A 8.84A 7.37A
3. Solar PV power 472.1W 424.7W 377.3W 330W 282.8W 235.6W
4. Boost input voltage 32.1V 32.07V 32.04V 32.01V 31.98V 31.96V
5. Boost output voltage 66.77V 66.68V 66.6V 66.5V 64.43V 66.34V
6. DC link voltage 66.77V 66.68V 66.6V 66.5V 64.43V 64.34V
7. Battery voltage 64.68V 64.67V 64.66V 64.65V 64.64V 64.63V
8. Battery current 3.69A 2.99A 2.28A 1.56 A 0.856A 0.141A
9. State of charge 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%
Table 5. Solar photovoltaic system with battery discharging operation using ANN MPPT technique without load
1000w/m2 900w/m2 800w/m2 700w/m2 600w/m2 500w/m2
SN System
&25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃
1. Solar PV voltage 115.1V 113.8V 112.4V 110.7V 108.6V 106.3V
2. Solar PV current 9.49A 9.04A 8.50A 7.862A 7.085A 6.16A
3. Solar PV power 1093W 1030W 956.2W 870.1W 769.7W 655W
4. Boost input voltage 115.1V 113.8V 122.4V 110.7V 108.6V 106.3V
5. Boost output voltage 241.4V 238.9V 235.8V 232.2V 227.9V 222.9V
6. DC link voltage 241.4V 238.9V 235.8V 232.2V 227.9V 222.9V
7. Battery voltage 64.2V 64.2V 64.2V 64.2V 64.2V 64.2V
8. Battery current -30.28A -30.26A -30.31A -30.24A 30.28A -30.27A
9. State of discharge 49.99% 49.99% 49.99% 49.99% 49.99% 49.99%
Table 6. Solar photovoltaic system with battery charging operation using ANN MPPT technique
With resistive load
1000w/m2 900w/m2 800w/m2 700w/m2 600w/m2 500w/m2
SN System
&25oC &25 oC &25oC &25oC &25oC &25 oC
1. Solar PV voltage 32.09V 32.05V 32.02V 31.99V 31.97V 31.94V
2. Solar PV current 14.71A 13.24A 11.78A 10.31A 8.84A 7.37A
3. Solar PV power 472.9W 424.5W 377.2W 329.9W 282.7W 235.5W
4. Boost input voltage 32.9V 32.05V 32.02V 31.99V 31.97V 31.94V
5. Boost output voltage 66.74V 66.65V 66.57V 66.48V 64.39V 66.31V
6. DC link voltage 66.74V 66.65V 66.57V 66.48V 64.39V 64.31V
7. Battery voltage 64.65V 64.64V 64.63V 64.62V 64.61V 64.6V
8. Battery current 3.7A 2.99A 2.28A 1.57 A 0.858A 0.143A
9. State of charge 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%

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Table 7. Solar PV system using ANN MPPT technique with battery discharging operation With resistive load
1000w/m2 900w/m2 800w/m2 700w/m2 600w/m2 500w/m2
SN System
&25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃ &25℃
1. Solar PV voltage 115.1V 113.8V 112.4V 110.7V 108.6V 106.2V
2. Solar PV current 9.50A 9.05A 8.51A 7.865A 7.088A 6.16A
3. Solar PV power 1093W 1030W 956.6W 870.4W 770W 655.1W
4. Boost input voltage 115.1V 113.8V 112.4V 110.7V 108.6V 106.2V
5. Boost output voltage 241.4V 238.8V 235.8V 232.2V 227.9V 222.9V
6. DC link voltage 241.4V 238.8V 235.8V 232.2V 227.9V 222.9V
7. Battery voltage 64.17V 64.17V 64.17V 64.17V 64.17V 64.17V
8. Battery current -30.31A -30.28A -30.35A -30.34A -30.35A -30.29A
9. State of discharge 49.99% 49.99% 49.99% 49.99% 49.99% 49.99%
VII. CONCLUSION
The paper presents the use of an artificial neural network for maximum power point tracking to extract the
maximum power from a solar photovoltaic panel at different irradiance conditions. The boost input, output, and
DC link voltage and also change with respect to the irradiance conditions. The bidirectional converter has two
modes of operation. (i) When the buck mode is enabled the DC link voltage releases energy and the current will
flow from the positive to negative terminals of the battery when the terminal potential difference exceeds
electromotive force, in this condition battery is charged. (ii) When boost mode is enabled, DC link voltage stores
energy and the current will be flow from the negative to positive terminals of the battery and electromotive
force to exceed the terminal potential difference, in this condition battery is discharged.
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