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The document outlines a project on DC choppers for the ECE 325 Power Electronics course at Palestine Polytechnic University. It includes detailed designs for a DC-DC converter and a boost chopper, specifying parameters such as output voltage, current changes, and ripple limits. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of inductor and capacitor sizing, as well as the effects of chopping frequency on voltage regulation.

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13 views10 pages

1213 Merged

The document outlines a project on DC choppers for the ECE 325 Power Electronics course at Palestine Polytechnic University. It includes detailed designs for a DC-DC converter and a boost chopper, specifying parameters such as output voltage, current changes, and ripple limits. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of inductor and capacitor sizing, as well as the effects of chopping frequency on voltage regulation.

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195250
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© © All Rights Reserved
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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

PALESTINE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY


College of Engineering &Technology
Department of Electrical
Industrial Automation, Telecommunication & Electrical Engineering Programs

Course Activities

ECE 325- POWER ELECTRONICS

Spring Semester 2024

STUDENT NAME: IBRAHEM ABU HAWASH,


MOUSA AL DAAJINAH

ID NUMBER:195250,215269

ACTIVITY TITLE: Project #2 DC CHOPPER

SUBMISSION DATE: 3/12/2024

Instructor: Dr. Sameer Khader

Teaching Assistant:……………

Hebron
2024

COURSE ACTIVITIES
DC – DC Converters
DC – DC converters or DC - DC Choppers also called switched power supplies all
for the same field in power electronics.

Introduction
The power switch was the key to practical switching regulators. Prior to the
invention of the Vertical Metal Oxide Semiconductor (VMOS) power switch,
switching supplies were generally not practical. The inductor's main function is to
limit the current slew rate through the power switch. This action limits the
otherwise high-peak current that would be limited by the switch resistance alone.
The key advantage for using an inductor in switching regulators is that an
inductor stores energy. This energy can be expressed in Joules as a function of the
current by:

E = ½ × L × I² A linear regulator uses a resistive voltage drop to regulate the


voltage, losing power (voltage drop times the current) in the form of heat. A
switching regulator's inductor does have a voltage drop and an associated current
but the current is 90 degrees out of phase with the voltage. Because of this, the
energy is stored and can be recovered in the discharge phase of the switching
cycle. This results in a much higher efficiency and much less heat.

What is a Switching Regulator?


A switching regulator is a circuit that uses a power switch, an inductor, and a
diode to transfer energy from input to output. The basic components of the
switching circuit can be rearranged to form a step-down (buck)converter, a step-
up (boost) converter, or an inverter (flyback). These designs are shown in Figures
1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively, where Figures 3 and 4 are the same except for the
transformer and the diode polarity. Feedback and control circuitry can be
carefully nested around these circuits to regulate the energy transfer and
maintain a constant output within normal operating
Q1-Design a de chopper (complete) circuit that regulates the output voltage to vary
from 20% to 100% of rectified output de voltage with ripples must be within 3% &
the current change must not exceed 30% of the average inductance current value.
The maximum output chopper power is Y(Watt) with chopper efficiency of 93%.
FOR Q1:

Find the out put power:

P=( 2 + 1 + 5 +2 + 6 + 9 )^ * 6 = 150V.

From project 1 V(s) = 22.5V.

* the voltage vary from 20% to 100%:

At 20% :V (o)= 0.2V(s)= 4.5v.

At 100% :V(o) = V(s) = 22.5v.

ΔI = 30% & Δ*V %=0.03 & let f = 20KHz

At 100%:

R = 22.5 ^ 2 /150 = 3.37Ω.

L = ((1 - D) * R)/(2f) = 0.

C = (1 - D)/(8lrf) = 0.

At 20%:

R = 4.5 ^ 2 / 150= 0.135Ω.

L =16A... Δ I = 4.8A.

L min = (1-D) Δ Vo/ ΔI f =4.68 uH...L act =1.5^ * L min =56.25 uH.

C min = (1- D )/ 8 ΔV r f =0.988mF.

C act =1.5^ * C min =1.48 mF


Simulation : psim circuit:

Waveform:

Figure (6.1) current buck circuit .

Figure (6.2) voltage buck circuit


Q2 --Design a Boost de chopper that is required to energize DC load with fixed
output voltage up to (150% X), while the source voltage varies between (Where X is
the obtained Rectified DC voltage). The input voltage varies between (50% X to 80%
X). The voltage ripple must be within 4% & the maximum current change must not
exceed 15%. The maximum output chopper power is Y(Watt) with choppe0004r
.efficiency of 96%
FOR Q2: Boost chopper

V(o)= 150% X = 37.5v/// X = (2 + 1 + 5 + 2 + 6 + 9) =25v.

V(s) = (50% - 80%) * X = (12.5 - 20) .

r = 0.04 .

ΔI = 15% * IL .

Pdcy =25*5 = 125W .

Assume f = 50KHz

CASE 1:

TO V(s)= 12.5

D1= 1 – V(s) / V(o) = 1 – 12.5/20= 0.5.


R = V(o) ^ 2 / P = 37.5 ^ 2 / 100=14 Ω.

IL1 =Vs/ R(1-D) *0.96=11.85A

ΔI = 1.38A

Lmin =10*0.5/1.38*50k = 72.46 uH.

L1=2*Lmin= 144.92 uH.

r =D /RCf.

Cmin=D/RCF= 0.5/14*0.04*50*10^3 = 77.164uF.

C1=2*Cmin = 154.32 uF.

Case 2:
D2 = 1 – V(s)/v(o) = 1 - 20/37.5= 0.4.

IL2 =0.96 Vs/ R(1-D)^ 2 =0.96 * 20/14(1-0.112)^ 2 =6.016A.

ΔI = 0.897A.

Lmin =V(s) *D/ ΔI*f=39.9 uH.

L2 =2^ * L min =79.84 uH.

Cmin = D2/ Rrf =17.28uF.

C2 =2 * C min =34.56uF.

L act =1.5*Lmin=59.85 uH.

C act =1.5*Cmin=25.92uF.

I Lms =9.25A.

I Cms =8.63A.
Simulation : psim circuit:
Conclusion:
1- Buck dc chopper are use in voltage regulation within the range of 0 ≤ Vout
≤Vinp .

2- The current and voltage ripples ∆IL and ∆Vo can be limited by :

- increasing the inductor size ( L↑↑)

- increasing the chopping frequency ( f ↑↑)

- increasing the capacitor size ( C↑↑)

- increasing the output voltage , through limited regulation of duty cycle

so as Dmin ≤ D ≤ 1

3- In order to select moderate size of inductance and moderate switching


frequency usually

the set of (L.f) is determined


so as:

4- The same procedure for sizing the capacitance


]
5- Buck Boost dc chopper are used in

voltage regulation within the range of 0

≤ Vout ≤ꝏ 6- The current and voltage

ripples ∆IL and ∆Vo can be limited by :

- increasing the inductor size ( L↑ )

- increasing the chopping frequency ( f ↑ )

- increasing the capacitor size ( C↑ )

- increasing the output voltage in wide range as


Reference:

1- Power Electronics, circuits, devices & applications, by Muhammed H. Rashid,


4th edition, 2014.
2- Power Electronics by Daniel W. Hart, 1 st edition, ISBN978-0-07-

338067-4, 2010. 3- https://altairuniversity.com/wp-

content/uploads/2017/08/Boost-Converter.pdf.

4- PPT, Ch. 5, Power Electronics, circuits, devices & applications, by Muhammed H.


Rashid, 4th edition, 2014.

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