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The Scales of Measurement

The document discusses the four fundamental scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, which are essential for categorizing and analyzing data. Each scale has distinct characteristics, with nominal being the least complex and ratio being the most comprehensive, allowing for absolute measurements. Understanding these scales is crucial for selecting appropriate statistical tests and interpreting research findings.

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10 views1 page

The Scales of Measurement

The document discusses the four fundamental scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, which are essential for categorizing and analyzing data. Each scale has distinct characteristics, with nominal being the least complex and ratio being the most comprehensive, allowing for absolute measurements. Understanding these scales is crucial for selecting appropriate statistical tests and interpreting research findings.

Uploaded by

john
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The scales of measurement are crucial for categorizing and analyzing data.

These are also basic


research that are used to classify variables and to indicate how they are measured. They are
crucial for deciding on the sorts of statistical tests to use and for making sense of a variety of
investigations. Four fundamental scales of measurement include nominal, ordinal, interval and
ratio measurement, which cut across different fields depending on the kind of data being
analyzed.

The nominal scale is the least common of all the measurement scales and is often used when
categorizing data with no real value. This means there is an assignment of variables to
categories and these categories have no order or priority. For instance, gender, race or
characteristic ‘present/absent’ or quantity measures that fall into two categories are on the
nominal scale.

The ordinal scale measures the rank order between the given categories but it doesn’t tell the
actual measurement between the two. For example, an ordinal scale that can be used in the
measurement of customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction (very dissatisfied to very satisfied).

The interval scale has the qualities of the ordinal scale and equal intervals between the values
and yet, it does not have a real zero point. Temperature in Celsius is a good example. Since the
intervals are consistent, this scale permits a broad variety of statistical computations such as
means and standard deviations. Nonetheless ratio measurement data are not feasible with
interval data where one cannot say that temperature is twice as hot as another.

The ratio scale is the highest level of measurement; it has all properties of interval scale and in
addition has a true zero point so that measurements can be made according to their absolute
size. These are weight, height and age among other measures. With numbers at zero that is real,
the entire range of statistical functions including ratio calculations is made possible.

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