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Geotechnical Engineering

The document provides a comprehensive overview of geology and geotechnical engineering, covering topics such as the importance of geology in engineering, rock classifications, and soil properties. It details various methods for assessing soil characteristics, including permeability, shear strength, and compaction techniques, as well as site investigation and bearing capacity analysis. Each unit is structured to explain fundamental concepts and practical applications relevant to civil engineering.

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cpruthvi52
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15 views5 pages

Geotechnical Engineering

The document provides a comprehensive overview of geology and geotechnical engineering, covering topics such as the importance of geology in engineering, rock classifications, and soil properties. It details various methods for assessing soil characteristics, including permeability, shear strength, and compaction techniques, as well as site investigation and bearing capacity analysis. Each unit is structured to explain fundamental concepts and practical applications relevant to civil engineering.

Uploaded by

cpruthvi52
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit - I: Overview of Geology and Geotechnical Engineering

1. Introduction to Geology
o Define geology and explain its importance in engineering.
o Discuss the branches of geology and their relevance to civil engineering.
o What is the composition of the Earth? Describe its layers.
2. Petrology
o Define a rock and explain its classification based on genesis (mode of origin).
o What are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks? Provide examples and
discuss their engineering uses.
o Discuss the formation and classification of rocks.
o Highlight the importance of rocks like Chlorite, Laterite, and Khondalite,
mentioning the Sun Temple of Konark (IKS reference).
3. Soil in Civil Engineering
o Define soil as per IS standards.
o Explain the importance of soil as a construction material for foundation beds of
structures.
o How do soil properties affect civil engineering structures?
4. Field Applications of Geotechnical Engineering
o Discuss the role of geotechnical engineering in foundation design.
o How is geotechnical engineering applied in pavement design?
o Explain the significance of geotechnical principles in the design of earth-retaining
structures.
o Describe the geotechnical considerations in the design of earthen dams.
Unit - II: Physical and Index Properties of Soil

2.1 Physical Properties of Soil

1. What is soil as a three-phase system? Explain with a diagram.


2. Define and explain water content, void ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation.
3. How are the following determined:
o Density index
o Unit weight of soil mass
4. Differentiate between bulk unit weight, dry unit weight, unit weight of solids, saturated unit
weight, submerged unit weight, and specific gravity.

2.2 Determination of Index Properties of Soil

1. Explain the oven-drying method for determining water content as per IS code.
2. How is bulk unit weight determined using the core cutter method?
3. Discuss the sand replacement method for determining dry unit weight as per IS code.
4. Describe the procedure to determine specific gravity of soil using a pycnometer.

2.3 Particle Size Distribution

1. What is mechanical sieve analysis? Explain as per IS code.


2. Draw and interpret a particle size distribution curve.
3. Define effective diameter of soil and its importance in geotechnical engineering.
4. Explain the terms:
o Uniformity coefficient
o Coefficient of curvature
5. Differentiate between well-graded and uniformly graded soils.
6. Discuss the classification of soils as per the IS system.

2.4 Consistency of Soil

1. Explain the stages of consistency of soil.


2. What are Atterberg's limits of consistency?
3. Discuss how to determine the following:
o Liquid limit
o Plastic limit
o Shrinkage limit
4. Define plasticity index and explain its significance in soil classification
Unit - III: Permeability and Shear Strength of Soil

3.1 Permeability

1. Define permeability and explain Darcy's law of permeability.


2. What is the coefficient of permeability? Discuss the factors affecting permeability.
3. Explain the methods for determining the coefficient of permeability using:
o Constant head permeability test
o Falling head permeability test
4. Solve simple problems to calculate the coefficient of permeability.

3.2 Seepage Through Earthen Structures

1. What is seepage velocity, and how does it differ from flow velocity?
2. Define seepage pressure and explain its role in soil stability.
3. Describe the phreatic line and its significance in seepage analysis.
4. Explain the concepts of flow lines and equipotential lines.
5. Discuss the application of flow nets in seepage analysis (No numerical problems).

3.3 Shear Strength of Soil

1. Define shear failure and describe field situations where it can occur.
2. What is shear strength of soil? Explain its components:
o Cohesion
o Internal friction
3. Explain the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory and the strength envelope concept.
4. Derive the strength equation for:
o Purely cohesive soils
o Cohesionless soils

3.4 Laboratory Methods

1. Describe the procedure for performing the direct shear test.


2. Explain the vane shear test and its applications in soil testing.
3. Solve numerical problems related to the direct shear test.
Unit IV: Compaction and Stabilization of Soil

4.1 Concept of Compaction

1. Define compaction and explain its purpose.


2. Describe field situations where compaction is required.
3. Explain the Standard Proctor Test procedure as per IS code.
4. Discuss the compaction curve and its significance.
5. What are optimum moisture content and maximum dry density? Why are they important?
6. Explain the concept of Zero Air Voids Line (ZAV line).
7. Differentiate between the Standard Proctor Test and the Modified Proctor Test.
8. List the factors affecting compaction.
9. Describe the field methods of compaction: rolling, ramming, and vibration.
10. Differentiate between compaction and consolidation.

4.2 Concept of Soil Stabilization

11. Define soil stabilization and explain its necessity.


12. Discuss various methods of soil stabilization.

4.3 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test

13. Explain the procedure of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test.
14. Discuss the interpretation of CBR values.
15. What are the applications of CBR in pavement design?

4.4 Earth Pressure

16. Define earth pressure and its types: at rest, active, and passive.
17. Explain lateral earth pressure at rest with and without surcharge conditions.
18. Derive the coefficient of earth pressure using Rankine’s theory.
19. What are the assumptions of Rankine’s theory of earth pressure?
20. Explain the significance of earth pressure in retaining wall design
Unit V: Site Investigation and Bearing Capacity of Soil

5.1 Site Investigation

1. Explain the necessity of site investigation and sub-soil exploration.


2. What are the different types of exploration? Briefly explain each.
3. Discuss the criteria for deciding the location and number of test pits and boreholes.
4. How is soil identified in the field? Explain:
o Dry Strength Test
o Dilatancy Test
o Toughness Test
5. Explain the procedure to determine the free swell index.

5.2 Bearing Capacity

6. Define bearing capacity. Differentiate between:


o Ultimate bearing capacity
o Safe bearing capacity
o Allowable bearing pressure
7. Explain Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory and its assumptions (No numerical).
8. Discuss the types of soil failures:
o General shear failure
o Local shear failure
o Punching shear failure
9. What is the effect of the water table on bearing capacity? Explain with examples.

5.3 Field Methods for Determining Bearing Capacity

10. Describe the Plate Load Test as per IS: 1888.


11. Explain the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) procedure as per IS: 2131.
12. Compare laboratory and field methods for determining bearing capacity

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