Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC 2023)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23BC3-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-5630-2

Advancements in Vehicle Safety and Security

Technology
R. Phani Vidyadhar K. Harika Reddy S. Pranay
dept. of ECE dept. of ECE dept. of ECE
Vardhaman College of Engineering Vardhaman College of Engineering Vardhaman College of Engineering
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
2023 2nd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC) | 978-1-6654-5630-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICAAIC56838.2023.10140801

konathamharikareddy@gmail.com

B. Anisha Reddy
dept. of ECE
Vardhaman College of Engineering
Hyderabad, India

Abstract— In the modern world, transportation is quickly The term "vehicle safety" describes the steps taken to
becoming one of peoples' most essential needs. Vehicle theft is lessen the possibility of injury to passengers, drivers, and other
one of the most common issues people encounter, despite the fact users of the road. It includes a variety of factors, such as the
that it requires a few prerequisites. The person who is driving vehicle's structure and design, its active and passive safety
or who is in the car is protected by this paper from harm. In systems, and the actions of the driver. Governments also play
order to read the owner's fingerprint sample, a fingerprint a role by setting safety standards and conducting vehicle
reader is used. The fingerprint must match one that is already safety inspections. The goal of vehicle safety is to create a
saved in the database if someone needs to access the car. If not,
secure environment for occupants and other road users,
they can contact the owner via an OTP request through GSM
thereby reducing the number of traffic accidents and fatalities.
module. The car starts when the owner grants the request.
Today's accidents frequently result from drunk driving by the "Security" refers to preventing an unauthorised person
driver. If the driver has taken alcohol, it can be determined from entering the conveyance. An important component of
using the alcohol sensor. If it is determined that the driver has owning a car is its security. It entails a variety of safeguards
ingested alcohol, the car won't start. When the owner travels used to deter theft, vandalism, or unlawful entry to a vehicle.
more than the specified minimum distance, an IR sensor alerts In general, vehicle security is a crucial expenditure for vehicle
the driver. Drivers regularly find themselves in risky situations owners since it provides security and protection against theft
because they are alone while driving in circumstances that may
or damage. In many industrialised countries, driving safety
entail an emergency. By pressing a button, designated contacts
measures have been encouraged for a long time in an effort to
can be informed of an emergency while a vehicle and driver are
in motion.
address this issue.
Alcohol detection sensors are employed in a manner
Keywords— Infrared sensor, Alcohol sensor, Global System similar to this to prevent mishaps brought on by alcohol
for Mobile communication module, Fingerprint reader. consumption. When these sensor senses alcohol consumption
in the driver's breath and force the vehicle to stop, they alert
I. INTRODUCTION the driver with a message on the LCD display that is already
With the increase in vehicle owners, particularly in in place. The practical implementation of the safety criterion
numerous large cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Calcutta, poses special challenges. This study shows a system that was
dealing with concerns related to vehicle thefts and dangers has made with contemporary technologies.
become rather difficult. Vehicle numbers increase in direct
proportion to population growth. As a result, there is now a far Sensors in alarms detect movement or entry and sound an
greater chance of vehicle theft. Beyond what was expected, alert to deter would-be criminals. Without the correct key or
vehicle thefts have led to hazards and fatalities among people. code, immobilisers stop the car from being started [4]. In order
Economically, both directly and indirectly, automobile theft to track a stolen car, owners can utilise GPS trackers, which
impacts society as a whole. On the other side, vehicle security use satellite technology to follow the vehicle's location, speed,
is concerned with the steps taken to stop theft or unauthorised and route. In the case of theft or vandalism, security cameras'
entry to a vehicle. Alarms, immobilisers, tracking devices, and recorded images of the car and its surroundings can be used as
steering locks are some of its features. This can include the proof. Other safety features, such as locking wheel nuts,
design and engineering of the vehicle, the use of seat belts and steering wheel locks, and steering column locks, also work to
airbags, advanced driver assistance systems such as anti-lock physically stop a vehicle from being moved. There is no
brakes and stability control, and proper maintenance of the alternative to sharing the vehicle with those around when it is
vehicle. Additionally, driver behaviour, such as following necessary, according to past research upon this security and
traffic laws, avoiding distractions and driving under the protection of vehicles.
influence, can greatly impact overall vehicle safety.

978-1-6654-5630-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1280

Authorized licensed use limited to: JNT University Kakinada. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 09:53:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23BC3-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-5630-2

This paper goal is to ensure safety and security of vehicle. owner's face is registered in the application. If an
• In this system, safety can be achieved by including collision unauthorized person tries to access the motorcycle, the
avoidance system in the vehicle which protects the vehicle system detects the face and sends an SMS warning to the
from accidents. owner's phone. The owner can then use the GPS tracking
• Alcohol detection ensures the safety of vehicle and driver by feature to locate the motorcycle and take appropriate action.
denying the access of vehicle, if alcohol consumption is
detected.
Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay attempted to develop an IoT-based
• Security can be ensured by fingerprint authentication of the vehicle security system. The user can manage the engine's
owner. Permission can be granted from the owner through ignition and switch it off if necessary, using the system,
OTP verification. which sends messages using GSM. To manage the opening
• If alcohol consumption is detected, Vehicle access is denied of a safety locker door and the wearing of a seat belt, the
even the fingerprint is matched. system also uses a password on a keypad (with a maximum
of three tries). The paper does not provide detailed
• Through emergency button, the driver can an assistance implementation information, but it can be inferred that the
from predefined contacts. implementation involves setting up the IoT-based security
II. RELATED WORK system in the vehicle and configuring it to work with the
GSM and Bluetooth modules. The system also requires the
Marey Jemima Raj proposed a system to prevent installation of a keypad and safety locker door.
unauthorized access to electric vehicles and ensure the safety
of the vehicle and its passenger. The system consists of a III. SYSTEM DESIGN
fingerprint scanner that is connected to the access control
A. Methodology
system of the electric vehicle. The user's fingerprint is taken
by the fingerprint scanner, which then compares it to Alcohol Detection:
previously stored fingerprint data in the system's database. If Drunk driving is a major issue that affects both individuals
the fingerprint matches, the user is granted access to the and society as a whole. It can result in risky and even fatal
vehicle. If the fingerprint does not match, access is denied. driving habits, like poor judgement, sluggish reflexes, and a
The proposed system offers several advantages over lack of coordination.
traditional access control systems. It eliminates the need for
keys or access cards, which can be lost or stolen. It also
ensures that only authorized users can access the vehicle,
reducing the risk of theft or vandalism. The implementation
of the proposed system requires the integration of a
fingerprint scanner with the electric vehicle's access control
system. The system's database must also be updated with the
fingerprint data of authorized users.

J. Prakash describes the adoption of a technology that enables

remote engine control and can SMS-alert the owner of a
vehicle in the event of theft. To make sure that only the right
person is operating the vehicle, the system is equipped with a
single-board embedded system that includes a
microprocessor, a GPS and GSM (global system for mobile)
device. The system works by sending an SMS alert to the
owner of the vehicle when the vehicle is started without
authorization. The owner can then send an SMS to the system
to remotely stop the engine of the vehicle. The system also
has a GPS module that can be used to track the location of the
vehicle in case of theft. The implementation of the system
involves the use of AT commands of the GSM module to
control the engine of the vehicle. The system is designed to
prevent/control the theft of a vehicle by introducing mobile Fig. 1: Flow Diagram for Alcohol Detection
communications into the embedded system.
Leading to car collisions, drunk driving has the potential to
Marchel Thimoty Tombeng proposed a security system for seriously harm or kill the driver, passengers, and other road
motorcycles that uses face detection and GPS tracking. The users. It may take a long time for people impacted to heal
system is designed to prevent motorcycle theft by detecting following a collision brought on by drunk driving, which may
unauthorized access and alerting the owner through SMS. be devastating for families and communities. In addition to
The proposed system consists of an Android-based the human cost, drunk driving has financial repercussions as
application that uses the smartphone's camera for face well, including the price of medical care, repairs, and
detection and GPS for tracking the motorcycle's location. The insurance rates. In addition, engaging in drunk driving can
system is activated when the motorcycle is parked, and the have legal repercussions for the offender, including fines, jail
time, and a criminal record. It’s critical to comprehend the

978-1-6654-5630-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1281

Authorized licensed use limited to: JNT University Kakinada. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 09:53:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23BC3-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-5630-2

risks and make sensible choices about drinking and driving in currently aware. The vehicle starts if the owner agrees to the
order to avoid drunk driving and its negative repercussions. request.

It is risky to operate a motor vehicle when under the influence Reduced vehicle thefts may result from this strategy. This
of alcohol. Alcohol detection technology can lessen the system can be installed into any car, limiting access to the
likelihood of accidents caused by drunk driving and help to vehicle to its authorized owner. A feature vector in a
avoid it. A technology for alcohol detection may serve as a fingerprint reader is extracted by capturing the unique
deterrent for those who might otherwise drive inebriated. It characteristics of a fingerprint image such as ridge patterns,
communicates that drunk driving is unacceptable and that minutiae points, and pores. These features are then encoded
individuals who do so will face repercussions. People may into a numerical vector for further processing and comparison
find it simpler to decide responsibly whether to drink and with other fingerprints. With the help of fingerprint
drive thanks to alcohol detection technologies. They can aid identification, the system locates the authorized owner of the
people in avoiding the difficulty and cost of needing to find vehicle. An Arduino Nano as well as a biometric
an alternate mode of transportation, such a cab or a identification module are used in the system’s construction.
designated driver. In addition to medical expenditures, Simply using fingerprint identification as the ignition control
property damage, and legal fines, drunk driving has a allows the suggested solution to provide adequate protection
significant financial impact on society. This alcohol sensor against vehicle theft. If someone attempting to access the
has the same ability to identify alcohol in your breath as a vehicle without permission, the owner will be notified by
standard breathalyser. When the car detects alcohol is SMS. If the owner grants the request delivered to his mobile
present, it does not start. as an OTP, the vehicle will start to burn fuel.

Fingerprint Authentication: Collision Avoidance System:

Fig 2 explains the flow of execution of Fingerprint

Authentication. The project’s main objective is to offer
comprehensive vehicle security and safety.

Fig. 3: Flow Diagram for Collision Avoidance System

Fig 3 explains the flow of execution of collision avoidance

system. Vehicle crashes on roadways can happen for a variety
of causes, such as:
i. Driver error: such as being distracted while driving,
drunken driving, or driving recklessly.
ii. Faults with the vehicle: such as flat tyres, braking
failure, or steering issues.
iii. Potholes, limited signs, and dim lighting are
examples of poor road conditions.
iv. Weather conditions that impair sight or traction,
such as rain, snow, or fog.
Fig. 2: Flow diagram for Fingerprint Authentication v. Interference from pedestrians or bicyclists, such as
jay walking or non-compliant bicycles.
Any method that evaluates one or more specific biological vi. Aggressive driving, including cutting off other
traits to automatically identify an individual is referred to as drivers, tailgating, and road rage
biometric verification. In order to guarantee the security and . Drivers with little or no driving experience, such as new or
safety of vehicle, the authorized owner is identified using the young drivers, may not have the knowledge or judgement to
fingerprint. Depending on the situation, the owner might manage particular driving scenarios. The goal of collision
decide to lease his car to another person. The owner is avoidance system is just to notify, warn, or help vehicle

978-1-6654-5630-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1282

Authorized licensed use limited to: JNT University Kakinada. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 09:53:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23BC3-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-5630-2

drivers in avoiding approaching collisions and reduce the risk on the vehicle. If the fingerprints do not match, it will not
of collisions. The usage of IR sensors allows for alerting the begin to ignite.
user when nearby vehicle are quite close. Now that the crash
is imminent, the motorist can take the required precautions to OTP must notify the owner by pushing the request button if
avoid it. biometric doesn’t match. The authorized owner is contacted
by way of an OTP that is sent via the GSM module. If the
Emergency Assistance: In an emergency, a vehicle’s unauthorized user types the correct OTP, the engine begins to
emergency button is a crucial safety element that can save ignite.
lives. It is intended to immediately notify emergency services
and give them the data they need, including the vehicle’s
location, to react appropriately. If there is an accident, a
medical emergency, or another scenario where life is in
danger, you can call for assistance by pressing the emergency
button. The presence of the emergency button gives
passengers comfort and peace of mind while they are
travelling since, they know that help is just a button push
away. The controller keeps a handful of owner’s emergency
numbers. A message notifying all the authorized emergency
contacts to the driver’s need for rescue is sent when the
emergency button is pressed.

Block Diagram:
Fig. 5: Flow diagram of proposed model

The engine does not start when the alcohol sensor module
picks up alcohol. Despite the registered owner’s fingerprint
matching it, the automobile won’t start due to alcohol
consumption.

In a dangerous situation, emergency push buttons allow

drivers to send out an alert message. Owner first selects a
small list of family members or friends who can help in an
emergency. Every time emergency button is being pressed,
an alarm message is sent to all of these contacts.

Hardware Implementation:

Fig. 4: Block Diagram

Figure 4 displays the block diagram of the suggested model.
An Arduino Nano controls every aspect of the prototype’s
operation. The fingerprint module gathers the user’s
fingerprints, and controller then decides based on the
predetermined standards. Every time the owner’s fingerprint
is detected, the relay turns on and the dc motor starts to rotate.

The GSM module is used to send an OTP request to owner’s

mobile number if the fingerprints don’t match. An alcohol
sensor looks for alcohol and turns off the relay when it does.
An IR sensor is used to identify the approaching cars. When
pressing the emergency button, few people are informed that
help is needed.
Fig. 6: Prototype of proposed model
Flow Diagram: An overview of various applications created Fig. 6. illustrates prototype of proposed model. The access to
in this work is provided in Fig.5. The database is first filled vehicle is provided either in fingerprint mode or OTP mode.
with and filled with the approved owner’s fingerprint When using fingerprint mode, the owner must enroll his or
samples. Before permitting a person to start the vehicle, the her finger so that it can be used to verify access whenever
fingerprint reader is able to confirm that person’s fingerprint necessary. If a finger print match occurs, a DC motor is
sample is valid. If the fingerprints match, the ignition starts

978-1-6654-5630-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1283

Authorized licensed use limited to: JNT University Kakinada. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 09:53:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23BC3-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-5630-2

turned on. The DC motor doesn’t turn ON if the finger print specified, as can be seen in Fig. 8.a.. According to Fig. 8.b.,
matches but doesn’t get recognized. The person is currently an alarm notification is shown on the LCD.
regarded as an unauthorized user. Right now, the system is
operating in OTP mode. The owner’s mobile receives an OTP
request over GSM. The DC motor turns ON if the owner
agrees to the request. The DC motor shuts off right away and
the owner receives a message of warning if alcohol is ever
discovered. An alarm message is provided to the owner after
the IR sensor detects things within its field of view.

(a) Warning message displayed when vehicle is detected

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

(b) Warning message sent to owner

Fig.9

(a) Relay turned ON when fingerprint is matched The LCD will display an alarm message if vehicle is
discovered inside the IR sensor’s detecting range, as shown in
Fig. 9.a.Fig.9.b represents the alert message sent to the owner.

(b) OTP request sent to owner when fingerprint is

invalid.
Fig.7
When fingerprint sample matches, the DC motor turns on
and the outcome is displayed on the LCD, as shown in Fig. (a) Alert message displayed
7.a. The owner can receive an OTP request as seen in Fig. 7.b.
if the fingerprint is not matched.

(b) owner is notified with an alert message when alcohol

(a) Emergency alert message sent to pre-defined contacts is detected
Fig.10

Fig.10.a represents the alert message displayed on LCD

Display when alcohol is detected. An alert message sent to
owner through GSM is shown in Fig:10.b.

(b) Emergency message is displayed when emergency

button is pressed
Fig.8
Whenever the emergency button is touched, an alarm
message is sent to the emergency numbers the owner has

978-1-6654-5630-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1284

Authorized licensed use limited to: JNT University Kakinada. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 09:53:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23BC3-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-5630-2

Engineering Conference (IMITEC), Windhoek, Namibia, 2021,

pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/IMITEC52926.2021.9714660.
[4] M. T. Tombeng, D. D. P. Purwadaria, I. -S. Hwang and A. T.
Liem, "Design of Android-Based Motorcycle Security System
Using Face Detection and GPS Tracking," 2021 3rd International
Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS),
Makasar, Indonesia, 2021, pp. 1-5, doi:
10.1109/ICORIS52787.2021.9649466.
[5] S. Bai and Z. Zhang, "Anonymous Identity Authentication
scheme for Internet of Vehicles based on moving target Defense,"
2021 International Conference on Advanced Computing and
Endogenous Security, Nanjing, China, 2022, pp. 1-4, doi:
10.1109/IEEECONF52377.2022.10013357.
[6] S. Bai and Z. Zhang, "Anonymous Identity Authentication
scheme for Internet of Vehicles based on moving target Defense,"
2021 International Conference on Advanced Computing and
Endogenous Security, Nanjing, China, 2022, pp. 1-4, doi:
10.1109/IEEECONF52377.2022.10013357.
[7] D. Mukhopadhyay, M. Gupta, T. Attar, P. Chavan and V. Patel,
"An Attempt to Develop an IOT Based Vehicle Security System,"
2018 IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic
Systems (iSES) (Formerly iNiS), Hyderabad, India, 2018, pp.
Fig. 11: Fingerprint matched and alcohol detected 195-198, doi: 10.1109/iSES.2018.00050.
[8] N. S. Sehwani, S. R. Sangle and Y. N. Vadhavkar, "Real time
Even though the fingerprint matches and alcohol is found, automobile tracking system with an automated security
access to the vehicle is still refused as shown in Fig:11. As a algorithm," 2017 International Conference on Communication
result, even though he has permission, the drunk individual and Signal Processing (ICCSP), Chennai, India, 2017, pp. 2125-
2129, doi: 10.1109/ICCSP.2017.8286781.
is not allowed to drive the vehicle. [9] B. Balakrishnan, P. Suryarao, R. Singh, S. Shetty and S.
Upadhyay, "Vehicle Anti-theft Face Recognition System, Speed
Control and Obstacle Detection using Raspberry Pi," 2022 IEEE
5th International Symposium in Robotics and Manufacturing
Automation (ROMA), Malacca, Malaysia, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi:
V. CONCLUSION 10.1109/ROMA55875.2022.9915691.
[10] P. V. Crisgar, P. R. Wijaya, M. D. F. Pakpahan, E. Y.
Syamsuddin and M. O. Hasanuddin, "Hardware Design for IoT-
Effective strategies for maintaining the security of Based Vehicle Tracking and Theft Detection System," 2021
automobiles are described in this document. The likelihood International Symposium on Electronics and Smart Devices
of vehicle theft is reduced when fingerprint authentication is (ISESD), Bandung, Indonesia, 2021, pp. 1-6, doi:
used. The security of the vehicle is ensured in this manner. 10.1109/ISESD53023.2021.9501601.
[11] S. fasiuddin, S. Omer, K. Sohelrana, A. Tamkeen and M. A.
Systems for preventing collisions and detecting alcohol both Rasheed, "Real Time Application of Vehicle Anti Theft
increase vehicle safety and decrease the likelihood of Detection and Protection with Shock Using Facial Recognition
accidents. These applications give the driver directions while and IoT Notification," 2020 Fourth International Conference on
they are driving. Automotive cybersecurity measures are Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC),
Erode, India, 2020, pp. 1039-1044, doi:
more crucial than ever because as vehicles become smarter, 10.1109/ICCMC48092.2020.ICCMC-000194.
new points of vulnerability are more likely to appear. [12] S. Prema, M. R. V. S. Deen, M. V. P. Krishna and S. Praveen,
Particularly in safety-critical applications, the use of vehicle "Vehicle And License Authentication Using Finger Print," 2019
sensors is expanding. It is guaranteed that the sensors’ ability 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing &
Communication Systems (ICACCS), Coimbatore, India, 2019,
to maintain the safety of our roads won’t be compromised by pp. 737-740, doi: 10.1109/ICACCS.2019.8728402.
building security into them from the ground up. [13] P. B. Balla and K. T. Jadhao, "IoT Based Facial Recognition
Security System," 2018 International Conference on Smart City
REFERENCES and Emerging Technology (ICSCET), Mumbai, India, 2018, pp.
[1] M. J. Raj, S. Gadde and R. Jayaraman,” Implementation of 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICSCET.2018.8537344.
Biometric Access Control Using Fingerprint for Safety and [14] S. Mohanasundaram, V. Krishnan and V. Madhubala, "Vehicle
Security System of Electric Vehicle,” 2021 2nd International Theft Tracking, Detecting And Locking System Using Open
Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication CV," 2019 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing
(ICOSEC), Trichy, India, 2021, pp. 1684-1689, doi: & Communication Systems (ICACCS), Coimbatore, India, 2019,
10.1109/ICOSEC51865.2021.9591718 pp. 1075-1078, doi: 10.1109/ICACCS.2019.8728460.
[2] M. J. Alam et al.,” A Smart Security Solution to Prevent any [15] A. Baksi, M. Bhattacharjee, S. Ghosh, S. K. Bishnu and A.
Mischief with the Vehicles,” 2021 IEEE Region 10 Symposium Chakraborty, "Internet of Things (IOT) Based Ambulance
(TENSYMP), Jeju, Korea, Republic of, 2021, pp. 1-5, doi: Tracking System Using GPS and GSM Modules," 2020 4th
10.1109/TENSYMP52854.2021.9550811. International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering
[3] K. Thamoethata, B. Isong, N. Dladlu and A. M. Abu-Mahfouz,” & Nano-Technology (IEMENTech), Kolkata, India, 2020, pp. 1-
Analysis of IoT-based Vehicle Anti-Theft Security,” 2021 3rd 4, doi: 10.1109/IEMENTech51367.2020.9270120.
International Multidisciplinary Information Technology and

978-1-6654-5630-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1285

Authorized licensed use limited to: JNT University Kakinada. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 09:53:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.