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GRADE 12
CHAPTER 7
APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
REVIEW EXERCISES
R100: Why must a camera lens be moved further from the film to focus on a closer
object?
R104: (1) What are meant by farsightedness and nearsightedness, and how can they be
corrected?
R104: (2) Briefly explain the optical features of the human eye with labeled diagram.
R107: (1) The final image produced by the compound microscope cannot be projected.
Why?
R107: (2) A compound microscope 17 cm long has an eyepiece with a focal length of
2.5 cm and objective with focal length of 0.25 cm. What is the magnifying power
for normal setting? (Hint: The magnified image of the objective lens forms at the
focal point of the eyepiece for normal setting)
R110: An astronomical telescope has its two-lens space 75.2 cm apart. If the objective
lens has a focal length of 70 cm, what is the magnifying power of this telescope
when viewing with a relaxed eye?
R113: How many photons are emitted in 1 s by a 7.5 mW of CO2 laser with the
wavelength of 10.6 µm? (Plank constant h = 6.62 × 10-34 J s)
R115: What is the function of the cladding in an optical fibre?
R116: (1) Name the dispersion elements used in the optical spectrometer.
R116: (2) Mention the different types of spectrometer.
R120: The luminous intensity of a light source is 500 cd. Find the illuminance of a
surface which is 10 m from source if light falls normally on it.
EXAMPLES
E7.1: A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28 m tall tree from a distance of
58 m. What focal length of the lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24
mm height of the film? [p. 100]
E7.2: Calculate the power of the eyelens for viewing object at the longest and shortest
distances possible with normal vision, assuming eyelens to retina distance of 2
cm. [p. 103]
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E7.3: A compound microscope consists of two thin converging lenses. The focal length
of the objective is 10 mm and that of the eyepiece is 20 mm. If an object is placed
11 mm from the objective, the instrument produces an image at infinity. Calculate
the separation of the lenses and the magnifying power of the instrument.
E7.4: A telescope consists of two converging lenses: an objective of focal length 500
mm and an eyepiece of focal length 50 mm. When the telescope is in normal
adjustment: (i) What is the separation of the lenses? (ii) Where is the final image
located? (iii) Is the image erect or inverted? (iv) What is the magnifying power?
[p. 110]
E7.5: In a laser unit, laser beam of wavelength 6328 Å is emitted. How many photons
are released per second if the output power is 1 mW? (h = 6.62× 10-34 J s)[p. 113]
E7.6: The core of an optical fibre has a diameter 2 µm and refractive index of 1.63. The
refractive index of the cladding is 1.5. Determine the maximum angle for which
the light rays incident on the end of fibre rod to total internal reflection at the core
to cladding interface. [p. 115]
E7.7: A 10 W fluorescent lamp has a luminous intensity of 35 cd. Find luminous flux it
emits. [p. 119]
E7.8: The luminous intensity of a source is 200 cd. The mounting height of the lamp is
6 m from the ground. Find the illuminance on the ground Ev: (i) just below the
lamp, (ii) 3 m horizontally away from the lamp on the ground. [p. 119]
QUESTION PROBLEM
Q01: Name the essential parts of human eye.
Q02: Discuss the important role of ciliary muscles for the eye.
Q03: State two defects of vision. Mention the causes of the defects and corrections to
these defects.
Q04: Choose the correct answer from the following.
The yellow spot which is the most light-sensitive spot is _______.
A. in the eyelens B. between the eyelens and the retina C. on the retina
Q05: For a farsighted person the rays from near objects pass through the eyelens and
intersect at a point _______.
A. in front of the retina B. on the retina C. behind the retina
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GRADE 12
Q06: Draw a ray diagram showing how the rays of light travel in a compound
microscope.
Q07: A concave mirror instead of a lens is used as an objective in an astronomical
telescope. Why?
Q08: How is a terrestrial telescope constructed to obtain the final image which is erect?
Q09: Choose the correct answer.
In an optical fibre, the light is transmitted through the _______.
A. core B. cladding C. jacket
Q10: The core of a fibre-optic cable is made of _______.
A. copper wire B. thin strand of glass C. lead wire
Q11: A compound microscope consists of two thin lenses, an objective of focal length
20 mm and an eyepiece of focal length 50 mm, placed 220 mm apart. If the final
image is viewed at infinity, calculate the distance of the object from the objective.
Q12: A telescope consists of two converging lenses. When in normal adjustment, so
that the image of a distant object is formed at infinity, the lenses are 450 mm apart,
and the magnifying power is 8. What are the focal lengths of the two lenses? Is
the image erect or inverted?
Q13: A telescope consists of two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 100 cm and 10
cm respectively. It is used to view an object 2000 cm from the objective. What is
the separation of the lenses if the final image is 25 cm from the eyelens? Determine
the magnifying power for an observer whose eye is close to the eyelens.
Q14: A He-Ne laser emits photons with energies of 3.14 × 10-19 J. What is the colour of
the laser light? (Plank constant h = 6.62 × 10-34 J s)
Q15: An optical fibre used for communications has a core of refractive index 1.55 which
is surrounded by cladding of refractive index 1.45. Calculate the critical angle of
the core-cladding boundary.
Q16: Light from a lamp is falling normally on a surface distant 10 m from the lamp and
the illuminance on it is 10 lx. In order to increase the illuminance 9 times, what
distance will the lamp be placed from the surface?
Q17: Two light sources of 8 cd and 12 cd are placed on the same side of the photometer
screen at a distance of 40 cm from it. Where should an 80 cd source be placed to
balance the illuminance?