EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

AN INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted by

HARISH RAJ R-111722104050

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

R.M.K. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KAVARAIPETTAI

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

NOV/DEC 2024

1
 R.M.K. ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
R.S.M. Nagar, Kavaraipettai -601 206

(Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai / Approved by AICTE, New Delhi

An ISO 21001-2018 Certified Institution / Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade
All the Eligible UG Programs are Accredited by NBA, New Delhi)

INTERNSHIP REPORT

Register Number 111722104050

Certify that this is the bonafide Internship report submitted by Selvan

Harish Raj R of 5th Semester, Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering during the academic year 2024-25 in

NIRLOBA IT PVT LTD during 1-06-2024 to 6-07-2024

Faculty-in-charge Head of the Department

Submitted for the practical examination on ……………………

Internal Examiner

2
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my sincere thanks to our Chairman

Shri. R.S. MUNIRATHINAM and our Vice Chairman Shri. R.M. KISHORE

for providing an opportunity for successful completion of my internship.

I am heartily indebted to our Principal Dr. K.A. MOHAMED JUNAID, for his

encouragement to complete my internship.

I place my immense gratitude to our Head of the Department

Dr. T. SURESH for the constant motivation and providing an excellent platform

to connect with industry to carry out internship successfully.

I extend my sincere thanks to our Coordinator Dr. T.D. SUBHA for the valuable

suggestions and continuous support for the successful completion of internship.

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SNO TITLE PAGE NO
1 Overview

1.1 General overview 6

1.2 About the Organization 6

1.3 Objectives 6

1.4 Roles and Scopes 7

2 Learning

2.1 Blynk 8

2.2 Microcontroller Interfacing 9

2.3 NodeMCU 12

3 Project

3.1 Introduction 16

3.2 System Components 16

3.3 Circuit Connection 17

3.4 Arduino Code 18

3.5 Block Diagram 19

3.6 Output 20

4 Conclusion 20

5
 1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTERNSHIP OVERVIEW:

During my internship at Nirloba IT Pvt. Ltd., I worked on Embedded

Systems and IoT over a 30-day period, from June 1, 2024, to July 6, 2024.
This experience provided hands-on knowledge in interfacing
microcontrollers, working with IoT protocols, and developing a real-time
monitoring project aimed at solving critical environmental problems.

1.2 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION:

Nirloba IT Pvt. Ltd. is a leading technology firm specializing in

embedded systems and IoT solutions. The company works with cutting-edge
technologies to create IoT-enabled devices and systems, catering to various
industries. It provides a professional environment for interns to learn,
develop, and implement practical IoT solutions.

1.3 OBJECTIVE:

 Gain knowledge on Embedded Systems: To understand how

embedded systems work, specifically focusing on microcontrollers, sensors,
and actuators.

 Learn IoT protocols: To gain proficiency in wireless

communication protocols like LoRa, Zigbee, and MQTT, used for IoT-based
networks.

 Design a real-time system: To develop a real-time monitoring

system for forest fires, integrating data collection, processing, and alert
systems.
6
  Project implementation: To implement the project from conception
to deployment, involving data analytics, real-time monitoring, and automated
alerting.

 Collaboration and teamwork: To work within a team to manage

different aspects of a complex IoT system and understand the collaborative
nature of large-scale technology deployments.

1.4 ROLES AND SCOPES:

Based on the experience during the internship, we can able to get a role
in any of the hardware and communication,

1. Embedded Systems Engineer:

o Working on the design and development of embedded hardware
for IoT devices.
o Writing firmware for microcontrollers and optimizing sensor
integration.
o Designing low-power systems for remote monitoring
applications.
2. IoT Solutions Architect:
o Leading the design and deployment of large-scale IoT networks.
o Integrating IoT systems with cloud computing platforms for real-
time analytics.
o Working with cross-functional teams to design end-to-end IoT
solutions.
3. IoT Software Engineer:
o Developing software and applications that control and manage
IoT devices.
o Building data pipelines and integrating sensors with back-end
systems.
o Implementing security protocols and managing data flow from
devices to servers.
4. Data Analyst (IoT):
7
 o Analyzing data from IoT sensors for actionable insights, as seen
in the forest fire project.
o Using predictive analytics to identify patterns and prevent future
incidents.
o Working with cloud platforms for data storage and real-time
processing.
5. Project Manager (IoT Projects):
o Managing the lifecycle of IoT projects from design to
deployment.
o Coordinating between hardware, software, and networking teams.
o Ensuring timely delivery of IoT solutions while maintaining
quality and efficiency.
6. R&D Engineer:
o Focusing on innovation and development of new IoT technologies
and embedded systems.
o Conducting research on improving the efficiency, performance,
and scalability of IoT networks.

2.LEARNING

During my internship at Nirloba IT Pvt. Ltd., I gained practical

experience in working with blynk, a cloud-based IoT analytics platform, as
well as interfacing microcontrollers and integrating basic sensors with
platforms like NodeMCU and Arduino.

2.1 BLYNK:

I learned how to use blynk for real-time data monitoring and

visualization. It allowed me to collect, analyze, and display data from sensors
deployed in IoT applications. This skill is crucial for IoT projects that require
cloud-based data storage and real-time insights for decision-making.

8
2.2 MICROCONTROLLER INTERFACING:

I worked with 8086, 8085, 8051, and PIC microcontrollers, learning

how to interface them with various sensors and devices. This involved
understanding how to program these microcontrollers to collect and process
data.

9
10
11
2.3 NODEMCU:

I learned to integrate basic sensors such as temperature, humidity, and

gas sensors with NodeMCU and Arduino platforms. This hands-on
experience allowed me to understand how to program these microcontrollers
and establish real-time communication between the sensors and the cloud
platform.

INTERNET OF THINGS

Definition and key components

12
 The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical objects, or
"things," embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect
and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet. IoT aims
to create smart environments where devices can communicate autonomously,
enabling real-time monitoring, automation, and optimization of tasks.

Components of IoT include:

1. Sensors and Actuators
o Sensors: Devices that collect data from the environment (e.g.,
temperature, motion, light sensors). They convert physical
parameters into electrical signals.
o Actuators: Devices that perform actions based on the data or
commands received (e.g., motors, relays, valves).
2. Connectivity
o The communication between IoT devices and servers or cloud
platforms is established via networks. Different communication
protocols include:
 Wi-Fi
 Bluetooth
 Zigbee
 LoRaWAN
 Cellular (3G, 4G, 5G)
 Ethernet
o MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) and HTTP are
common IoT communication protocols used for transmitting data.

13
 3. IoT Gateway
o A gateway is responsible for bridging the communication
between devices (sensors, actuators) and the cloud or data centers.
It also processes data locally before sending it to the cloud, which
helps reduce latency.
4. Cloud/Server
o Cloud Infrastructure: The cloud acts as a central platform where
the collected data is stored, processed, and analyzed. Popular
cloud platforms for IoT include AWS IoT, Microsoft Azure IoT,
and Google Cloud IoT.
o Data Processing: Analyzing data in real-time or at scheduled
intervals to provide actionable insights.
o Storage: Storing large volumes of data collected from devices for
historical analysis.
5. User Interface
o Dashboards and Apps: End-users interact with IoT devices and
monitor data through web or mobile applications, dashboards, or
other user interfaces.
o Alerts and Notifications: These systems provide real-time updates
or warnings to users based on the data collected by sensors

Role in Automation and communication

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the way we approach

automation and communication by enabling devices, machines, and systems
to connect and exchange data without human intervention. This seamless
integration of physical objects with sensors, software, and network
connectivity allows for real-time monitoring, control, and decision-making.
IoT has played a significant role in enhancing both automation and
communication across various sectors, leading to more efficient, smart, and
responsive systems. IoT has revolutionized automation and communication
14
by enabling devices to operate autonomously and exchange data in real-time.
This transformation has made processes more efficient, cost-effective, and
reliable, while enhancing human-to-machine interactions. As IoT continues
to evolve, it will further reshape industries by driving smarter, more
connected, and responsive systems.

3.PROJECT

AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

3.1 INTRODUCTION
My main aim is to develop an Agricultural Monitoring System aimed at
improving crop management by monitoring critical environmental
parameters such as soil pH, moisture content, temperature, and humidity. The
system is built using the ESP32 microcontroller, pH sensor, Soil Moisture
15
sensor, and DHT22 sensor. Data from these sensors is collected and
broadcast to the Blynk server, allowing real-time monitoring and control.

3.2 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Hardware Components

 ESP32 Microcontroller: Acts as the brain of the system, collecting

data from sensors and sending it to the Blynk server over Wi-Fi.
 pH Sensor: Measures the pH level of the soil, helping to monitor soil
acidity or alkalinity for optimal crop growth.
 Soil Moisture Sensor: Determines the moisture content of the soil,
ensuring proper irrigation.
 DHT22 Sensor: Measures both humidity and temperature of the
surrounding environment, providing essential climate data for crop
management.

SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

 Arduino IDE: Used for programming the ESP32 and sensors.

 Blynk IoT Platform: A cloud-based IoT platform that provides real-
time monitoring of sensor data via a mobile app or web dashboard.

3.3 CIRCUIT CONNECTION

16
3.4 ARDUINO CODE

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "Agric"

#define BLYNK_DEVICE_NAME "esp32"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "12kj34kji56k43m234k"

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>
#include <DHT.h>

17
char auth[] = "1nkaer3434kk54n233";
char ssid[] = "IOTDATA";
char pass[] = "12345678";

#define DHTPIN 14
#define DHTTYPE DHT22
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

int phPin = 32;

int moisturePin = 34;

BlynkTimer timer;

void sendSensorData() {
float temperature = dht.readTemperature();
float humidity = dht.readHumidity();
int moistureValue = analogRead(moisturePin);
int phValue = analogRead(phPin);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, temperature);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, humidity);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, moistureValue);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, phValue);
}

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
dht.begin();
timer.setInterval(2000L, sendSensorData);
}

void loop() {
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
}
18
3.5 BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.6 OUTPUT

19
 4. CONCLUSION

To sum up, I would say that my internship in Embedded Systems and

IoT at Nirloba IT Private Limited was a life-changing experience that
significantly enhanced both my technical knowledge and personal
development. My knowledge of the Internet of Things has improved as a
result of working with various microcontrollers, sensors, and communication
protocols. I have also improved my system design and implementation
abilities. My ability to solve problems has improved as a result of
overcoming obstacles like integrating hardware components and maximizing
communication between devices, and my time management skills have
improved due to the fast-paced work environment. This experience also
demonstrated the need of cooperation, since our projects' success depended
heavily on our ability to collaborate and communicate effectively. In the end,
this internship equipped me with the knowledge and self-assurance I need to
succeed in technical professions in the future and prepared me to thrive in the
fast-evolving landscape of embedded systems and IoT.

20