Name : Grade : AS Roll No : 2024-25

Subject : ATOMIC STRUCTURE-II Date : Marks:35 Dur:40 min

1.(a) The diagram in Figure 1 shows the behaviour of the three fundamental particles when passed through an electric field.

(i) Identify the particles represented by A, B, and C.

A .......................................................

B ......................................................

C ....................................................... 3
(ii) Explain the shapes and directions of the paths traced by the fundamental particles as they pass through the electric field.

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(b) Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of a mass spectrometer.

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(i) State and explain the purpose of the part of the mass spectrometer labelled P.

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(ii) State the purpose of the electric field, of the magnet and of the part labelled Q.

Electric field ...................................................................................................................

Magnet .........................................................................................................................

Part Q ........................................................................................................................... 3
(Total 11 marks)

2. (a) Name the device, in a mass spectrometer, which causes particles to become ionised.

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(b) What happens to these particles immediately after they are ionised in a mass spectrometer?

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(c) What factor, other than the mass to charge ratio of an ionised particle, determines how much that particle is deflected in a
magnetic field of a given strength?

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(d) The mass spectrum of krypton has peaks with m/z of 82, 83, 84, and 86 whose relative abundances are 1, 1, 5, and 2,
respectively. Calculate a value for the relative atomic mass of krypton.

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(Total 6 marks)
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3. The diagram below shows the electronic structure of boron.

(a) The electrons are represented by arrows. What property of the electrons do these ‘up’ and ‘down’ arrows represent?

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(b) Suggest why electrons which occupy the 2p sub-levels have a higher energy than electrons in the 2s sub-level.

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(c) Explain the meaning of the term first ionisation energy.

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(d) Explain why boron has a lower first ionisation energy than beryllium.

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(e) Explain why the first ionisation energy of helium is very large.

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(Total 8 marks)
4. The diagram below shows the trend in the first ionisation energies of the elements from neon to aluminium.

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(a) Draw crosses on the graph to show the first ionisation energies of silicon, phosphorus and sulphur. 3

(b) Write an equation to illustrate the process which occurs during the first ionisation of neon.

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(c) Explain why the first ionisation energy of neon and that of magnesium are both higher than that of sodium.
Explanation for neon ..................................................................................................

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Explanation for magnesium .......................................................................................

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(d) Explain why the first ionisation energy of aluminium is lower than that of magnesium.

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(Total 10 marks)