Name: _______________________________________________

All about atomic structure

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Total marks achieved: ______

Questions
Q1.

The diagram represents an atom of an element.

Use numbers from the box to complete the table.

You may use each number once, more than once or not at all.

(5)

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q2.

Atoms contain three different types of particle.

These are electrons, neutrons and protons.
(a) Which one of the three particles has a negative charge?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(b) Which one of the three particles has the smallest mass?
 (1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(c) Use words from the box to complete the sentences below.
Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

(i) Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of

.................................................................... and ....................................................................
(1)

(ii) Isotopes are atoms with the same number of ....................................................................

but different numbers of .................................................................... in the nucleus.
(2)

(d) An atom of magnesium can be represented by the symbol

Use numbers to complete these statements about this atom.
(i) The atomic number of this atom is ................................
(1)
(ii) The mass number of this atom is ................................
(1)
(iii) The electronic configuration of this atom is ................................
(1)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q3.

The table shows the numbers of particles in two atoms, L and M.

(a) Which particles are present in the nuclei of both atoms?

(1)

A electrons and neutrons

B electrons and protons
C neutrons and protons
D neutrons, protons and electrons

(b) (i) The atomic number of atom L is ............................

(1)

(ii) The mass number of atom L is ............................

(1)

(c) Atoms L and M are neutral because

(1)

A the numbers of electrons and neutrons are equal

B the numbers of electrons and protons are equal
C the numbers of neutrons and protons are equal
D the numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons are equal

(d) Use information from the table to explain why atoms L and M are isotopes of the same element.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(e) The electronic configuration of atom M is

(1)

A 2.2.2
B 2.4
C 2.4.6
D 4.2

(Total for Question = 7 marks)

Q4.

The diagram shows an atom of lithium with atomic number 3 and mass number of 6.

(a) Name the particle labelled E.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(b) Name the part of the atom labelled F.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(c) Name the two types of particle found in part F.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(d) Another type of lithium atom has atomic number 3 and mass number 7.
(i) State the name given to atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in an atom of lithium with atomic number 3
and mass number 7.
(1)

(e) A sample of lithium contains 92.5% of atoms with mass number 7 and 7.5% of atoms with mass
number 6.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of lithium.
(2)
 relative atomic mass = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q5.

(a) Table 1 lists three subatomic particles.

Complete table 1 by giving the relative mass and relative charge of each subatomic particle.
(3)

(b) Table 2 shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in particles P, Q, R, S and T.

Use table 2 to answer these questions.

Each particle, P, Q, R, S and T, may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(i) State which particle has the highest mass number.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) State which particle contains two electrons in its outer shell.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) State which particle is a negative ion.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iv) State which particle is an atom of an element in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(c) Which of these statements is correct for isotopes of the same element?
(1)
A they have a different atomic number
B they have a different number of electrons
C they have the same number of neutrons
D they have the same number of protons

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q6.

Use the Periodic Table to answer this question.

(a) (i) The symbol for silver is
(1)

(ii) The element with an atomic number of 40 is

(1)

(b) An atom of an element has the electronic configuration 2.8.3

(i) State the number of the group in the Periodic Table in which this element is found.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain your answer in terms of the atom's electronic configuration.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) State the number of the period in the Periodic Table in which this element is found.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(iv) Explain your answer in terms of the atom's electronic configuration.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(v) Identify the element.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Complete the diagram to show the electronic configuration of an atom of fluorine, using x to represent
an electron.
(1)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q7.

The element carbon has three common isotopes. These are carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14.
(a) Complete the table to show the number of protons and neutrons in each isotope of carbon.
(2)

(b) Explain, in terms of electrons, why the three isotopes have the same chemical properties.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) (i) State what is meant by the term relative atomic mass, Ar
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) A sample of carbon contained 98.90% carbon-12 and 1.10% carbon-13.
Use this information to calculate the relative atomic mass of carbon in the sample.
Give your answer to two decimal places.
(3)
 Relative atomic mass .................................................................................
(Total for Question = 8 marks)

Q8.

Potassium and lithium are Group 1 metals that exist as isotopes.

(a) (i) Complete the table of information about two isotopes of potassium.
(3)

(ii) A sample of lithium has this percentage composition by mass.

Use this information to calculate the relative atomic mass of lithium.

Give your answer to one decimal place.
(2)

relative atomic mass of lithium = ...........................................................

(b) A reaction occurs when a small piece of potassium is added to water in a trough.
State two observations that could be made during the reaction.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(c) A few drops of phenolphthalein are added to the liquid in the trough at the end of the reaction. A
colour change occurs.
(i) State the final colour of the liquid in the trough.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give the formula of the ion formed during the reaction that causes this colour change.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(d) The electronic configurations of lithium and potassium are

Explain why potassium is more reactive than lithium.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q9.

The table shows the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms and ions.

(a) (i) Which particles have the same mass?

(1)
A electrons and protons
B electrons and neutrons
C neutrons and protons
D electrons, neutrons and protons

(ii) What is the atomic number of P?

(1)
A 6
B 8
C 12
D 14

(iii) What is the mass number of Q?

(1)
A 5
B 6
C 10
 D 11

(b) Which group of the Periodic Table contains element T?

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) (i) Which two letters represent isotopes of the same element?
(1)

............................................... and ...............................................

(ii) Which letter represents a positive ion?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(d) The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in another ion.

How does the diagram show that this ion has a negative charge?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q10.

An atom of an element has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12.

(a) Using this information, complete the table to show the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in
one atom of this element.
(2)
(b) The Periodic Table shows the positions of five elements, J, Q, T, X and Z.
The letters do not represent the symbols for the elements.

(i) How many electrons are there in the outer shell of an atom of X?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) There are 31 protons in an atom of X.

Using this information, explain how many protons there are in an atom of Z.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) What is the electronic configuration of an atom of Q?

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(iv) State one similarity and one difference between the electronic configurations of atoms of J and T.
(2)
similarity ...........................................................................................................................

difference ..........................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q11.

The diagram shows the electronic configuration of an atom of element X.

(a) (i) How many protons does the nucleus of the atom contain?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Which group of the Periodic Table contains element X?

Give a reason for your choice.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Give the formula of the ion formed by element X in its compounds.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Element X has three isotopes.

The table gives the mass number of each isotope and its percentage abundance in a sample of
element X.
 Calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of element X.
Give your answer to one decimal place.
(3)

relative atomic mass of X = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Mark Scheme
Q1.

Q2.
Q3.
Q4.

Q5.
Q6.
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q7.
Q8.
 (Total for question = 11 marks)

Q9.
Q10.
Q11.