CHAPTER

10 Sequence and Series

Chapter Highlights
Sequence, Series, Progressions, Arithmetic progression (A.P.), Sum of n terms of an A.P., Properties of A.P.,
Arithmetic mean (A.M.), Geometric progression (G.P.), Geometric mean (G.M.), Some special sequences,
Arithmetico-geometric progression (A.G.P.), Method for finding sum of a.G. Series

SEQUENCE Note that sequence (1) is a finite sequence whereas others

are infinite sequences.
A succession of numbers a1, a2, …, an formed according to
some definite rule is called a sequence.
A sequence is a function whose domain is the set N SERIES
of natural numbers and range a subset of real numbers or
complex numbers. A series is obtained by adding or subtracting the terms of
A sequence whose range is a subset of real numbers a sequence.
is called a real sequence. Since we shall be dealing with A series is finite or infinite according as the number
real sequences only, we shall use the term sequence to of terms in the corresponding sequence is finite or infinite.
denote a real sequence.
PROGRESSIONS
Notation
If the terms of a sequence follow certain pattern, then the
The different terms of a sequence are usually denoted by sequence is called a progression. Following are the three
a1, a2, a3, … or by t1, t2, t3, … The subscript (always a special types of progressions:
natural number) denotes the position of the term in the
sequence. The term at the nth place of a sequence, i.e., tn is 1. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
called the general term of the sequence. 2. Geometric Progression (G.P.)
3. Harmonic Progression (H.P.)

NOTE
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.)
A sequence is said to be finite or infinite according as it
has finite or infinite number of terms. A sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a fixed
number is called an arithmetic progression. The fixed num-
ber is called the common difference of the A.P.
Illustrations
In an A.P., the first term is usually denoted by a, the
1. 1, 4, 7, 10, … 19. In this sequence each term is obtained common difference by d and the nth term by tn. Obviously
by adding 3 to the previous term.
2. 2, – 4, 8, – 16, … In this sequence each term is obtained d = tn – tn – 1
by multiplying the preceding term by – 2. Thus, an A.P. can be written as
3. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, … This is the sequence of prime
numbers. a, a + d, a + 2d, …, a + (n – 1) d, …
For example, (A) 21 (B) 28
(C) 14 (D) None of these
1. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …
Since, 2nd term – Ist term = 3rd term – 2nd term Solution: (C)
= 4th term – 3rd term By inspection, first common term to both the series is
= … = 2, 23. Second common term = 51.
the sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, … are in A.P. whose first term Third = 79 and so on. These numbers form an A.P.
is 1 and common difference is 2. 23, 51, 79, …
2. 5, 3, 1, – 1, – 3, – 5, – 7, … are in A.P. whose first term
is 5 and common difference is – 2. Since, T15 = 23 + 14 (28) = 23 + 392 = 415 > 407

The nth term of an Arithmetic Progression and T14 = 23 + 13 (28) = 387 < 407

If a is the first term and d is the common difference of an \ number of common terms = 14.
A.P., then its nth term tn is given by 2. The number of numbers lying between 100 and 500
tn = a + (n – 1) d that are divisible by 7 but not by 21 is
(A) 57 (B) 19
(C) 38 (D) None of these
TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
Solution: (C)
To find whether the series is an A.P. The numbers between 100 and 500 that are divisible
Step I: Obtain an (the nth term of the sequence). by 7 are 105, 112, 119, 126, 133, 140, 147, …, 483,
Step II: Replace n by n – 1 in an to get an – 1. 490, 497.
Step III: Calculate an – an – 1.
Let such numbers be n.
Then, 497 = 105 + (n – 1) × 7; or n = 57.
If an – an–1 is independent of n, the given sequence is an A.P.
otherwise it is not an A.P.
The numbers between 100 and 500 that are divisi-
ble by 21 are 105, 126, 147, …, 483.
\ tn = An + B represents the nth term of an A.P. with common
difference A.
Let such numbers be m.
Then 483 = 105 + (m – 1) × 21; or m = 19.
Hence, the required number = n – m = 57 – 19 = 38.

I M P O R TA N T P O I N T S 3. In the series 3, 7, 11, 15, … and 2, 5, 8, … each con-

tinued to 100 terms, the number of terms that are
 If an A.P. has n terms, then the nth term is called the last identical is
term of A.P. and it is denoted by l. That is
(A) 21 (B) 27
l = a + (n – 1) d (C) 25 (D) None of these
 Three numbers a, b, c are in A.P. if and only if
b – a = c – b, i.e., if and only if a + c = 2b. Solution: (C)
 If a is the first term and d the common difference of an Let the nth term of the first series = the mth term of the
A.P. having m terms, then nth term from the end is (m – n second series.
+ 1)th term from the beginning. Thus,
\ 3 + (n – 1) × 4 = 2 + (m – 1) × 3,
nth term from the end = a + (m – n) d.
n m
 Any three numbers in an A.P. can be taken as or 4n = 3m or = = k (say)
a – d, a, a + d. Any four numbers in an A.P. can be taken 3 4
as a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d. Similarly 5 numbers in A.P. \ n = 3k and m = 4k
can be taken as a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d.
As each series is continued to 100 terms,

n = 3k ≤ 100 and m = 4k ≤ 100

SOLVED EXAMPLES
\ Possible values of k are 1, 2, 3, …, 25 and corre-
1. The number of terms common to two A.P.s 3, 7, 11, …, sponding to each value of k we get one identical term.
407 and 2, 9, 16, …, 709 is Hence there are 25 identical terms.
 a Solution: (A)
4. If 51 + x + 51 – x, and 25x + 25–x are three consecutive
2 Let d be the common difference of the A.P., then
terms of an A.P., then the values of a are given by
4 = abc = (b – d)b (b + d) = b(b2 – d2)
(A) a ≥ 12 (B) a > 12
(C) a < 12 (D) a ≤ 12 ⇒ b3 = 4 + bd2 ≥ 4 (Q b > 0, d2 ≥ 0)

Solution: (A) ⇒ b ≥ 22/3

a
Since 51 + x + 51 – x, , 25x + 25–x are in A.P., we have
2 Thus, the minimum possible value of b is 22/3.
a
2 = 51 + x + 51 – x + 25x + 25–x 7. There are four numbers of which the first three are in
2 1
G.P. whose common ratio is and the last three are
Now put 5x = t so that t > 0, we then have 2
in A.P. If the last number is two less than the first, then
5 1 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ the four members are
a = 5t + + t 2 + = ⎜t2 + 2 ⎟ + 5 ⎜t + ⎟
t t 2 ⎝ t ⎠ ⎝ t⎠ 1 1 1
(A) 3, 1, , – (B) 2, 1, , 0
2 ⎡⎛ 2 ⎤ 3 3 2
1⎞
a = ⎛⎜ t − ⎞⎟ + 2 + 5
1
or ⎢ ⎜ t − ⎟ + 2⎥ 1 1
⎝ t⎠ ⎢⎣⎝ t⎠ ⎥⎦ (C) 4, 1, , – (D) None of these
4 2
2 2
= ⎛⎜ t − 1⎞⎟ + 5 ⎛ t − 1 ⎞ + 12 ≥ 12. Solution: (B)
⎝ t⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟ a a
t⎠ The numbers can be taken as a, , , a – 2.
2 4
Thus, values of a are given by the inequality a ≥ 12. a a
By question, , , a – 2 are in A.P.
2 4
5. If 1, logy x, logz y, –15logx z are in A.P., then
(A) x = y–3 (B) y = z–2 \ 2·
a
=
a
+ a – 2; or a = 2.
3
(C) x = z (D) None of these 4 2
Solution: (C) 1
Hence, the numbers are 2, 1, , 0.
Let d be the common difference of the A.P. 2
Then, logy x = 1 + d ⇒ x = y1 + d SUM OF n TERMS OF AN A.P.
logz y = 1 + 2d ⇒ y = z1 + 2d The sum of n terms of an A.P. with first term ‘a’ and com-
mon difference ‘d’ is given by
and –15logx z = 1 + 3d ⇒ z = x–(1 + 3d)/15 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2
\ x = y1 + d = z(1 + 2d) (1 + d)
TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
= x–(1 + d)(1 + 2d)(1 + 3d)/15
 If Sn is the sum of n terms of an A.P. whose first term is ‘a’
⇒ (1 + d)(1 + 2d)(1 + 3d) = –15 and last term is l, then
n
⇒ 6d3 + 11d2 + 6d + 16 = 0 Sn = (a + l)
2
 If common difference d, number of terms n and the last
⇒ (d + 2)(6d2 – d + 8) = 0 ⇒ d = –2 term l, are given then
n
\ x = y1 + d = y–1, y = z1 + 2d = z–3 and x = (z–3)–1 = z3. Sn = [2l – (n – 1) d]
2
 tn = Sn – Sn – 1.
6. If three positive real numbers a, b, c are in A.P. such
The sum of an A.P. consisting of odd number of terms = n
that abc = 4, then the minimum possible value of b is 

(middle term), where n is number of terms.

(A) 22/3 (B) 21/3
5/3
(C) 2 (D) None of these
PROPERTIES OF A.P. n

1. If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in A.P., then

\ Sn = ∑ tn
n =1
(a) a1 + k, a2 + k, …, an + k are also in A.P.
(b) a1 – k, a2 – k, …, an – k are also in A.P.
n
4 n2 + 1 1 n
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
(c) ka1, ka2, …, kan are also in A.P.
= ∑ 16
+
32
∑ ⎜⎝ 2n − 1 − 2n + 1⎟⎠
n =1 n =1
a a a
(d) 1 , 2 , …, n , k ≠ 0 are also in A.P. 1 n( n + 1) (2 n + 1) 1 1
k k k = + n+
4 6 16 32
2. If a1, a2, a3, … and b1, b2, b3, … are two A.P.s, then
(a) a1 + b1, a2 + b2, a3 + b3, … are also in A.P. ⎛ 1 1 1 1 1 ⎞
(b) a1 – b1, a2 – b2, a3 – b3, … are also in A.P. ⎜⎝1 − 3 + 3 − 5 + ... + 2n − 1 − 2n + 1⎟⎠
(c) a1b1, a2b2, a3b3, … are also in A.P.
n 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
a a a
(d) 1 , 2 , 3 , … may not be in A.P. = ( 4 n2 + 6 n + 5) + 1−
b1 b2 b3 48 32 ⎜⎝ 2n + 1⎟⎠
3. If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in A.P., then n( 4 n2 + 6 n + 5) n
= +
(a) a1 + an = a2 + an – 1 = a3 + an – 2 = … 48 16( 2n + 1)
ar − k + ar + k \ f (n) = n(4n2 + 6n + 5)
(b) ar = , 0 ≤ k ≤ n – r.
2
In other words, in an A.P., the sum of two terms equi- 9. The maximum sum of the series
distant from the beginning and end is a constant and is 1 2
20 + 19 + 18 + 18 + … is
equal to the sum of first term and last term 3 3
4. If nth term of a sequence is a linear expression is n (A) 310 (B) 290
then the sequence is an A.P. (C) 320 (D) None of these
5. If the sum of first n terms of a sequence is a quadratic
Solution: (A)
expression in n, then the sequence is an A.P.
6. If a1, a2, a3, a4, . . . , an are in A.P., then terms taken The given series is arithmetic whose first term = 20,
at regular intervals from this A.P. are also in A.P. e.g., common difference = – .
a1, a4, a7, a10, . . . also form an A.P. As the common difference is negative, the terms
will become negative after some stage. So the sum is
maximum if only positive terms are added.
SOLVED EXAMPLES Now
14 2 4 34 n4 ⎛ 2⎞
tn = 20 + (n – 1) ⎜ − ⎟ ≥ 0 if 60 – 2 (n – 1) ≥ 0;
8. If + + + ... + = ⎝ 3⎠
13 35 5.7 (2 n − 1) (2 n + 1)
or 62 ≥ 2n or 31 ≥ n
1 n
f ( n) + , then f (n) is equal to \ The first 31 terms are non-negative.
48 16( 2n + 1)
(A) n(4n2 + 3n + 2) (B) n(4n2 + 6n + 5) 31 ⎡ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎤
\ Maximum sum = S31 = 2 × 20 + (31 − 1) ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥
(C) n(4n2 + 5n + 6) (D) None of these 2 ⎢⎣ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎦
Solution: (B)
31
= (40 – 20) = 310
n4 2
We have, tn =
(2 n − 1) (2 n + 1) 10. The sum to n terms of the sequence
log a, log ar, log ar2, … is
n2 1 1
= + + n
4 16 16( 4 n2 − 1) (A) log a2 rn – 1 (B) n log a2 rn – 1
2
4n2 + 1 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 3n
= + − (C) log a2 rn – 1 (D) None of these
16 32 ⎜⎝ 2 n − 1 2 n + 1⎟⎠ 2
 Solution: (A) \ First 24 terms are positive.
The given sequence can be expressed as \ Sum of the positive terms
24 ⎛ −3 ⎞
log a, (log a + log r), (log a + 2 log r) … = S24 = 2 × 10 + 23 × ⎟
2 ⎜⎝ 7⎠
which is clearly an A.P. whose first term is log a and
common difference is log r. ⎛ 69 ⎞ 852
= 12 ⎜ 20 − ⎟ =
The nth term = log a + (n – 1) log r ⎝ 7⎠ 7
n 13. The minimum number of terms from the beginning of
Since sum to n terms = (a1 + an) 2 1
2 the series 20 + 22 + 25 + …, so that the sum may
n 3 3
\ Sn = [log a + log a + (n – 1) log r] exceed 1568, is
2 (A) 25 (B) 27
n n (C) 28 (D) 29
= [2 log a + (n – 1) log r] = log a2 rn – 1
2 2
Solution: (D)
11. Let Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an A.P. whose first 2 8
It is in A.P. for which a = 20, d = 2 =
term is a. If the common difference d = Sn – k Sn – 1 + 3 3
Sn – 2 then k = Now, Sn > 1568
(A) 1 (B) 2 n ⎡ 8⎤
⇒ ⎢ 40 + ( n − 1) ⎥ > 1568
(C) 3 (D) None of these 2 ⎣ 3⎦
Solution: (B) n 112 + 8n
⇒ × > 1568
2 3
We have, an = Sn – Sn – 1 (1)
6
⇒ n2 + 14n > × 1568 = 1176
and an – 1 = Sn – 1 – Sn – 2 (2) 8
2
⇒ n + 14n – 1176 > 0,
\ d = an – an – 1
or (n + 42) (n – 28) > 0
= (Sn – Sn – 1) – (Sn – 1 – Sn – 2) As n is positive, n – 28 > 0 i.e., n > 28
\ Minimum value of n = 29.
[From (1) and (2)]
14. If the first, second and last terms of an A.P. are a, b and
= Sn – 2Sn – 1 + Sn – 2.
2a respectively, then its sum is
12. The sum of positive terms of the series ab ab
(A) (B)
4 1 2(b − a) b−a
10 + 9 + 9 + … is
7 7 3ab
(C) (D) None of these
352 437 2 ( b − a)
(A) (B)
7 7 Solution: (C)
852 Here a1 = a and a2 = b
(C) (D) None of these \ Common difference d = a2 – a1 = b – a
7
Let n be the number of terms in the series
Solution: (C)
3 \ an = 2a = a + (n – 1) d
Here, a = 10, d = – .
7 or (n – 1) d = a or (n – 1) (b – a) = a
tn = 10 +(n – 1) ⎛⎜ − ⎞⎟
3 a
Then, \ n–1=
⎝ 7⎠ b−a
a a+b−a b
tn is positive if 10 + (n – 1) ⎛⎜ − ⎞⎟ ≥ 0;
3 or n= +1= =
⎝ 7⎠ b−a b−a b−a
1 n b 3ab
or 70 – 3 (n – 1) ≥ 0 or 73 ≥ 3n; or 24 ≥n \ Sum = (a1 + an) = (a + 2a) = .
3 2 2(b − a) 2 ( b − a)
15. If S1 is the sum of an arithmetic series of ‘n’ odd num- 17. If a is the first term, d the common difference and Sk
ber of terms and S2, the sum of the terms of the series S
the sum to k terms of an A.P., then for k x to be inde-
S1 Sx
in odd places, then = pendent of x
S2 (A) a = 2d (B) a = d
2n n
(A) (B) (C) 2a = d (D) None of these
n +1 n +1
Solution: (C)
n +1 n +1
(C) (D) kx
2n n
Skx [ 2a + (kx − 1) d ]
Solution: (A) We have, = 2
Sx x
Let the odd number of terms of an arithmetic series be 2
[ 2a + ( x − 1) d ]
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, ….., a + (n – 1) d k [( 2a − d ) + kxd ]
=
Then, ( 2a − d ) + xd
n
S1 = {2a + (n – 1) d} For
Skx
to be independent of x, 2a – d = 0 or 2a = d.
2 Sx
n +1
S2 = a + (a + 2d) + (a + 4d) + … to terms
2 18. The sum of n terms of m A.P.s are S1, S2, S3, …, Sm. If
n +1 ⎡ ⎛ n +1 ⎞ ⎤ the first term and common difference are 1, 2, 3, …, m
= ⎢ 2a + ⎜⎝ 2 − 1⎟⎠ × 2d ⎥ respectively, then S1 + S2 + S3 + … + Sm =
2×2 ⎣ ⎦
1
n +1 (A) mn (m + 1) (n + 1)
= (2a + (n – 1) d) 4
4
1
(B) mn (m + 1) (n + 1)
S1 2n 2
\ =
S2 n +1 (C) mn (m + 1) (n + 1)
16. A club consists of members whose ages are in A.P., the (D) None of these
common difference being 3 months. If the youngest Solution: (A)
member of the club is just 7 years old and the sum
of the ages of all the members is 250 years, then the We have, S1 = (n/2) [2 . 1 + (n – 1) . 1]
number of members in the club are
(A) 15 (B) 25 S2 = (n/2) [2 . 2 + (n – 1) . 2]
(C) 20 (D) 30
Sm = (n/2) [2 . m + (n – 1) . m]
Solution: (B)
n \ S1 + S2 + … + Sm
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2 n ( n −1)
1 = n (1 + 2 + 3 … + m) + × (1 + 2 + … + m)
Here a = 1st term = 7 years, d = 3 months = year, 2
4
m ( m + 1) ⎛ n2 − n ⎞
Sn = 250 =
2 ⎜n+ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
n ⎡ 1⎤
\ 250 = ⎢ 2 × 7 + ( n − 1) × 4 ⎥
2 ⎣ ⎦ m ( m + 1) n ( n + 1) 1
= ⋅ = mn (m + 1) (n + 1).
2 2 4
n ⎛ n + 55 ⎞
⇒ 250 = ⎜ ⎟ 19. If the first, second and the last terms of an A.P. are
2⎝ 4 ⎠
a, b, c respectively, then the sum is
⇒ 2000 = n2 + 55n
( a + b) ( a + c − 2b)
⇒ n2 + 55n – 2000 = 0 (A)
2 ( b − a)
⇒ (n – 25) (n + 80) = 0 ⇒ n = 25. ( b + c ) ( a + b − 2c )
(B)
\ Number of members in the club = 25. 2 ( b − a)
 Solution: (C)
( a + c ) ( b + c − 2a)
(C) The first two digit number which when divided by 4
2 ( b − a)
leaves remainder 1 is 4 . 3 + 1 = 13 and last is 4 . 24
(D) None of these + 1 = 97.
Solution: (C) Thus, we have to find the sum

We have, first term = a, \ T1 = a 13 + 17 + 21 + … + 97

Second term = b, \ T2 = b which is an A.P.

Then common difference d = T2 – T1 = b – a \ 97 = 13 + (n – 1) . 4 ⇒ n = 22.

Also, last term = c. n
c −a+d and Sn = [a + l] = 11 × [13 + 97]
⇒ c = a + (n – 1) d ⇒ n = . 2
d
= 11 × 110 = 1210.
(b + c − 2a)
⇒ n= (Q d = b – a)
(b − a) 22. If there are (2n + 1) terms in A.P., then the ratio of the
sum of odd terms and the sum of even terms is
n (b + c − 2a) (a + c )
\ Sum of n terms Sn = (a + l) = (A) n : (n + 1) (B) (n + 1) : n
2 2 (b − a) (C) (n – 1) : n (D) None of these
20. Four different integers form an increasing A.P. If one Solution: (B)
of these numbers is equal to the sum of the squares of Let the A.P. containing (2n + 1) terms be
the other three numbers, then the numbers are
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, a + 5d, …, a + 2nd.
(A) – 2, – 1, 0, 1 (B) 0, 1, 2, 3
(C) – 1, 0, 1, 2 (D) None of these The sum of odd terms of this A.P.
Solution: (C) = a + (a + 2d) + (a + 4d) + … to (n + 1) terms
Let the numbers be a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d n +1
where a, d ∈ Z and d > 0 = [2a + (n + 1 – 1) × 2d] = (n + 1) (a + nd)
2
Given: (a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = a + 2d The sum of even terms of this A.P.
⇒ 2d2 – 2d + 3a2 – a = 0 = (a + d) + (a + 3d) + (a + 5d) + … to n terms
1⎡
1 ± (1 + 2a − 6 a 2 ) ⎤
n
\ d= = [2 (a + d) + (n – 1) × 2d] = n (a + nd)
2 ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥ 2
n +1
Since d is positive integer, Hence, the required ratio = .
n
\ 1 + 2a – 6a2 > 0
ARITHMETIC MEAN (A.M.)
⎛1− 7 ⎞ ⎛1+ 7 ⎞
⇒ ⎜ 6 ⎟ <a< ⎜ 6 ⎟ Single Arithmetic Mean
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Since a is an integer, A number ‘A’ is said to be the single A.M. between two
given numbers a and b provided a, A, b are in A.P.
\ a = 0,
For example, since 2, 4, 6 are in A.P., therefore, 4 is
1 the single A.M. between 2 and 6.
then d = [1 ± 1] = 1 or 0. Since d > 0,
2
\ d = 1. n-Arithmetic Means
Hence, the numbers are – 1, 0, 1, 2. The numbers A1, A2, …, An are said to be the n arithmetic
means between two given numbers a and b provided
21. The sum of all two digit numbers which when divided
by 4, yield unity as remainder, is a, A1, A2, …, An , b are in A.P.
(A) 1100 (B) 1200 For example, since 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 are in A.P., therefore,
(C) 1210 (D) None of these 4, 6, 8, 10 are the four arithmetic means between 2 and 12.
Inserting Single A.M. between Two given SOLVED EXAMPLES
Numbers
1
Let a and b be two given numbers and A be the A.M. 23. Between two numbers whose sum is 2 , an even
6
between them. Then, a, A, b are in A.P. Thus, number of arithmetic means are inserted. If the sum
a+b of these means exceeds their number by unity, then the
A – a = b – A or 2A = a + b, or A = .
2 number of means are
(A) 12 (B) 10
Inserting n-Arithmetic Means between Two (C) 8 (D) None of these
given Numbers
Solution: (A)
Let A1, A2, …, An be the n arithmetic means between two
Let 2n arithmetic means be A1, A2, A3, …, A2n between
given numbers a and b. Then a, A1, A2, …, An, b are in A.P.
a and b.
Now, b = (n + 2)th term of A.P.
a+b
Then, A1 + A2 + A3 + … + A2n = × 2n
= a + (n + 2 – 1) d = a + (n + 1) d 2
13
b−a
or d= , where d is common difference of A.P. 13n
n +1 = 6 × 2n =
2 6
⎛ b − a⎞
and A1 = a + d = a + ⎜ ,
⎝ n + 1 ⎟⎠ Given: A1 + A2 + A3 + … + A2n = 2n + 1;
13n
⎛ b − a⎞ \ 2n + 1 = ; or 12n + 6 = 13n;
A2 = a + 2d = a + 2 ⎜ , 6
⎝ n + 1 ⎟⎠
\ n = 6.
M M M
\ The number of means = 2n = 2 × 6 = 12.
⎛ b − a⎞
An = a + nd = a + n ⎜
⎝ n + 1 ⎟⎠ 24. If a, b, c are in A.P. and p is the A.M. between a and b
and q is the A.M. between b and c, then
(A) a is the A.M. between p and q
(B) b is the A.M. between p and q
REMEMBER (C) c is the A.M. between p and q
(D) None of these
The sum of n arithmetic means between two given numbers
is n times the single A.M. between them, i.e. if a and b are Solution: (B)
two given numbers and A1, A2, …, An are n arithmetic means
between them, then Q a, b, c are in A.P.,
a + b⎞
A1 + A2 + … + An = n ⎛⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ \ 2b = a + c (1)
Q p is the A.M. between a and b
a+b
TRICKS(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING \ p= (2)
2
 Sum to n terms of the series of the form Q q is the A.M. between b and c
1 1 1 b+c
+ + ... + is \ q= (3)
t1t2 ... t k t2t3 ... t k +1 t n t n +1 ... t n + k −1 2
Adding Eq. (2) and (3)
Sn =
1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
− a+b b+c a + c + 2b
(k − 1)(t2 − t1) ⎜⎝ t1t2 ... t k −1 t n +1 t n +2 ... t n + k −1 ⎟⎠ p+q= + =
2 2 2
 Sum to n terms of the series of the form 2b + 2b
(t1t2 … tk) + (t2t3 … tk+1) + … + (tn tn+1 … tn+k–1) is = = 2b [Using (1)]
2
Sn =
1 p+q
(tn tn+1 … tn+k – t0 t1 t2 … tk) \ 2b = p + q or b =
(k + 1)(t2 − t1) 2
Hence, b is the A.M. between p and q.
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (G.P.) Solution: (C)
Let A be the first term and R, the common ratio of G.P.
A sequence (finite or infinite) of non-zero numbers in which Then a = ax = ARx – 1, b = ay = ARy – 1
every term, except the first one, bears a constant ratio with
its preceding term, is called a geometric progression. and c = az = ARz – 1
The constant ratio, also called the common ratio of
the G.P., is usually denoted by r. \ (y – z) log a + (z – x) log b + (x – y) log c
For example, in the sequence, 1, 2, 4, 8, …,
2 4 8 = log ay – z + log bz – x + log cx – y
= = = … = 2, which is a constant.
1 2 4
= log (ay – z . bz – x . cx –y)
Thus, the sequence is a G.P. whose first term is 1 and the
common ratio is 2. = log [(ARx – 1) y – z × (ARy – 1)z – x . (ARz – 1)x – y]
nth Term of a G.P. = log [Ay – z + z – x + x – y . R(x – 1) (y – z) + (y – 1) (z – x) + (z – 1)
(x – y)
If a is the first term and r is the common ratio of a G.P., then ]
its nth term tn is given by = log (A0 × R0) = log 1 = 0.
tn = arn – 1
26. If p, q, r are in A.P. and x, y, z are in G.P., then
xq – r . yr – p . zp – q =
I M P O R TA N T P O I N T S (A) 1 (B) 2
(C) – 1 (D) None of these
 If a is the first term and r is the common ratio of a G.P.,
then the G.P. can be written as Solution: (A)
a, ar, ar2, …, arn – 1, … (a ≠ 0) Let d be the common difference of A.P. and R (≠ 0), the
 If a is the first term and r is the common ratio of a finite common ratio of G.P., then
G.P. consisting of m terms, then the nth term from the end
is given by arm – n. q = p + d, r = p + 2d
 The nth term from the end of a G.P. with last term l and and y = xR, z = xR2
l
common ratio r is ( n −1) .
r
a so that q – r = – d, r – p = 2d, p – q = – d
 Three numbers in G.P. can be taken as , a, ar;
r
Four numbers in G.P. can be taken as \ xq – r . yr – p . zp – q = x– d . (xR)2d . (xR2)– d
a a
, , ar, ar3; = (x– d . x2d . x– d) (R2d × R– 2d )
r3 r
Five numbers in G.P. can be taken as = (x– d + 2d – d ) . (R2d – 2d )
a a
, , a, ar, ar2 = x0 . R0 = 1 × 1 = 1.
r2 r
 Three numbers a, b, c are in G.P. if and only if 27. If, in a G.P., the (p + q)th term is a and the (p – q)th
term is b, then pth term is
b c
= i.e. if and only if b2 = ac. (A) (ab)1/3 (B) (ab)1/2
a b 1/4
(C) (ab) (D) None of these
Solution: (B)
SOLVED EXAMPLES Let the G.P. be x, xy, xy2, …
Then tp + q = xy p + q – 1 = a (1)
25. If a, b, c are respectively the xth, yth and zth terms of a
G.P., then and tp – q = xy p – q – 1 = b (2)
( y – z) log a + (z – x) log b + (x – y) log c = Dividing Eqs (1) by (2),
(A) 1 (B) – 1 a
y2q = ;
(C) 0 (D) None of these b
 1 t n+1
⎛ a ⎞ 2q or tn = 2 . , (Q common ratio = r)
\ y= ⎜ ⎟ 1− r
⎝ b⎠
t n +1 1− r
\ = ; or =r
From Eq. (1), tn 2
p + q −1
⎛ b⎞ 2q 1
x=a ⎜ ⎟ or 1 – r = 2r ; \ r = .
⎝ a⎠ 3

p + q −1
30. The three numbers a, b, c between 2 and 18 are such
p −1
⎛ b⎞ 2q that their sum is 25; the numbers 2, a, b are consec-
\ tp = xy p – 1 = a . ⎜ ⎟ ⎛ a⎞ 2q
utive terms of an A.P. and the numbers b, c, 18 are
⎝ a⎠ ⎜⎝ b ⎟⎠
consecutive terms of a G.P. The three numbers are
p + q −1 p −1 p + q −1 p −1 (A) 3, 8, 14 (B) 2, 9, 14
= 1− + −
a 2q 2q
×b 2q 2q (C) 5, 8, 12 (D) None of these
1 1 Solution: (C)
= a2b2 = ab
We have, a + b + c = 25 (1)
28. In a set of four numbers the first three are in G.P. and
the last three are in A.P. with a common difference 6. Q 2, a, b are in A.P., \ 2a = 2 + b (2)
If the first number is same as the fourth, the four num-
bers are Q b, c 18 are in G.P., \ c2 = 18b (3)
(A) 3, 9, 15, 21 (B) 1, 7, 13, 19 From Eq. (1) and (2),
(C) 8, – 4, 2, 8 (D) None of these
3b + 2c = 48; or 3b = 48 – 2c
Solution: (C)
\ From Eq. (3),
Let the last three numbers in A.P. be b, b + 6, b + 12
and the first number be a. c2 = 6 (48 – 2c) = 288 – 12c
Hence the four numbers are a, b, b + 6, b + 12
or c2 + 12c – 288 = 0;
Given, a = b + 12 (1)
or c2 + 24c – 12c – 288 = 0
and a, b, b + 6 are in G.P. i.e., b2 = a (b + 6)
or (c + 24) (c – 12) = 0;
or b2 = (b + 12) (b + 6) (Q a = b + 12)

or 18b = – 72 \ b = –4, \ c = 12, as c ≠ – 24.

\ From Eq. (3), b = 8 and from (2), a = 5.
From Eq. (1),
31. Let an be the nth term of the G.P. of positive numbers.
a = – 4 + 12 = 8. 100 100
Hence, the four numbers are 8, –4, 2 and 8. Let ∑ a2n = a and ∑ a2n−1 = b, such that a ≠ b, then
n =1 n =1
29. If the first term of an infinite G.P. is 1 and each term is the common ratio is
twice the sum of the succeeding terms, then the com- a b
mon ratio is (A) (B)
b a
1 2
(A) (B) a b
3 3 (C) (D)
3 b a
(C) (D) None of these
4 Solution: (A)
Solution: (A) Let a be the first term and r, the common ratio of the
Let the G.P. be 1, r, r2, r3, … given G.P. Then
100
Given: tn = 2 (tn + 1 + tn + 2 + tn + 3 + … to ∞) a= ∑ a2n ⇒ a = a2 + a4 + … + a200
n =1
 ⇒ a = ar + ar3 + … + ar199 Sum of an Infinite G.P. when | r | < 1
2 4 198
⇒ a = ar (1 + r + r + … + r ) (1) The sum of an infinite G.P. with first term a and common
100 ratio r is
and b= ∑ a2n−1 ⇒ b = a1 + a3 + … + a199
S∞ =
a
; when | r | < 1, i.e., – 1 < r < 1.
n =1
1− r
⇒ b = a + ar2 + … + ar198
⇒ b = a (1 + r2 + … + r198) (2) CAUTION
From Eqs (1) and (2), we get
If r ≥ 1, then S∞ does not exist.
a
= r.
b

⎛ 1 1 1⎞ SOLVED EXAMPLES
32. If a, b, c are in G.P., then a2 b2 c2 ⎜ 3 + 3 + 3 ⎟ =
⎝a b c ⎠
33. The sum Sn to n terms of the series
(A) a + b + c (B) ab + ac + bc 1 3 7 15
(C) a3 + b3 + c3 (D) None of these + + + + ... is equal to
2 4 8 16
Solution: (C) n
(A) 2 – n – 1 (B) 1 – 2– n
–n
Since a, b, c are in G.P. (C) 2 + n – 1 (D) 2n – 1
b c Solution: (C)
\ = ⇒ b2 = ac (1)
a b We have,
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎛ 1 1 1⎞ Sn = ⎜1 − ⎟ + ⎜ 1 − ⎟ + ⎜ 1 − 3 ⎟ + ... + ⎜1 − n ⎟
Now, a2 b2 c2 ⎜ + + ⎟ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎝ a3 b 3 c 3 ⎠
⎛1 1 1⎞
2 2 2 2 2 2 = n−⎜ + + ... + n ⎟
= b c +a c +a b ⎝ 2 22 2 ⎠
a b c
1 ⎡ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎤
n
⎢1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
ac ⋅ c 2 (b 2 )2 a2 ⋅ ac = 2 ⎢ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ = n – 1 + 2–n
=
a
+
b
+
c
[Using (1)] n− ⎣
1
1−
= a3 + b3 + c3. 2
35. The minimum number of terms of the series
1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + …
Sum of n terms of a G.P. so that the sum may exceed 1000, is
The sum of first n terms of a G.P. with first term a and com- (A) 7 (B) 5
mon ratio r(≠ 1) is given by, (C) 3 (D) None of these

a ( r n − 1) a(1 − r n ) Solution: (A)

Sn = =
r −1 1− r Let, the sum of n terms exceeds 1000.
1(1 − 3n ) 3n − 1
Then > 1000; or > 1000
1− 3 2
TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
or 3n > 2001; but 36 = 729 and 37 = 2187;
 When r = 1,
Sn = a + a + a + … upto n terms = na. \ n > 6; but n is a positive integer;
If l is the last term of the G.P., then
\ n = 7, 8, 9, …


lr − a
Sn = r≠1 \ The minimum number of terms = 7.
r −1
 Solution: (A)
x x2 x4
36. The sum of series + + + ... to n n
1− x2 1− x4 1 − x8 n + 2 ⎛ 1⎞ 2( n + 1) − n ⎛ 1 ⎞
We have, tn = ⋅⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟
infinite terms, if | x | < 1 is n ( n + 1) ⎝ 2 ⎠ n( n + 1) ⎝ 2 ⎠
1 x n −1 n
(A) (B) 1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1⎞
1− x 1− x = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟
n ⎝ 2⎠ n + 1 ⎝ 2⎠
1 x n
(C) (D)
1+ x 1+ x \ Sn = ∑ tn
n =1
Solution: (B)
⎡1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 ⎤
2n − 1
1+ x 2n − 1
−1 = ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥+⎢ ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣1 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 3 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦
x
We have, tn = =
2n − 1 2n − 1 n −1

1− x (1 + x ) (1 − x 2 )
⎡1 ⎛ 1⎞ n −1 1 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎤
n

1 1 + ... + ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
= − ⎢⎣ n ⎝ 2 ⎠ n + 1 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦
2n − 1 n
1− x 1− x2
1
n = 1−
Therefore, Sn = ∑ tn ( n + 1)2 n
n =1

⎡⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 38. If (1 – y) (1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 16x4 + 32x5) = 1 – y6,

= ⎢ − + − (y ≠ 1), then a value of y/x is
⎜⎝ 1 − x 1 − x 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 1 − x 2 1 − x 4 ⎟⎠
⎣
1
1 ⎞⎤ (A) (B) 2
⎛ 1 2
+ ... + − n ⎟⎥
⎜ 2n − 1
⎝1 − x 1 − x 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 1
(C) (D) 4
4
1 1
= − Solution: (B)
1 − x 1 − x2
n

We can rewrite the given expression as

\ The sum to infinite terms 6
(1 – y) [1 − ( 2 x ) ] = 1 – y6,
1 1 − 2x
= lim S n = −1
n→∞ 1− x one of the possible values of y is clearly 2x. Therefore,
⎛ ⎞ one of the possible values of y/x is 2.
x 2 = 0, as | x | < 1⎟
n

⎜⎝Q nlim
→∞ ⎠ ⎛1 1 1 ⎞
log 5 ⎜ + + + ...∞⎟
⎝ 4 8 16 ⎠
x 39. The value of (0.2) is
=
1− x (A) 1 (B) 2
1
(C) (D) 4
37. The sum to n terms of the series 2
2 3
3 1 4 ⎛ 1⎞ 5 ⎛ 1⎞ Solution: (D)
⋅ + ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ + ⎜ ⎟ + ... is
1.2 2 2.3 2 3.4 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 1
1 1 1 4 1
1 1 We have, + + + ...∞ = = = 2–1.
(A) 1 − (B) 1 − 4 8 16 1 2
1−
( n + 1)2 n ( n + 1)2n −1 2
1 ⎛1 1 1 ⎞
log 5 ⎜ + + + ...∞⎟ log 5 2−1
(C) 1 − (D) None of these ⎝ 4 8 16 ⎠ ⎛ 1⎞
( n − 1)2 n − 1 \ (0.2) = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 5⎠
 −1 ⎛ A − 1⎞ ⎛ B − 1⎞
log5 2 \ a log r = log ⎜ ⎟ and b log r = log ⎜
= (5−1 )1/ 2 ⎝ A ⎠ ⎝ B ⎟⎠
2 ⎛ A − 1⎞
= 52 log 2
= 5log5 ( 2 ) = 22 = 4 log ⎜
⎝ A ⎟⎠
5

a
\ =
40. i – 2 – 3i + 4 … to 100 terms = b ⎛ B − 1⎞
log ⎜
(A) 50 (1 – i) (B) 25i ⎝ B ⎟⎠
(C) 25 (1 + i) (D) 100 (1 – i) ⎛ A − 1⎞
= log B − 1 ⎜
Solution: (A) ⎝ A ⎟⎠
B
2 3 100
S = i + 2i + 3i +, …, + 100i 43. Sum of the series : (1 + x) + (1 + x + x2) +
(1 + x + x2 + x3) + … upto n terms is
S . i = i2 + 2i3 +, …, + 99i100 + 100i101
1 ⎡ x 2 (1 − x n ) ⎤
\ S(1 – i) = (i + i2 + i3 +, …, + 100 terms) – 100i101
(A) ⎢n − ⎥
1− x ⎣ 1− x ⎦
i (1 − i100 ) i (1 − 1) 1 ⎡ x 3 (1 − x n ) ⎤
= − 100 i = − 100 i = – 100 i
1− i 1− i (B) ⎢n − ⎥
1− x ⎣ 1− x ⎦
− 100i − 100 i (1 + i )
\ S= = = 50 (1 – i) 1 ⎡ x(1 − x n ) ⎤
1− i 2 (C) ⎢n − ⎥
1− x ⎣ 1− x ⎦
41. The largest value of the positive integer k for which (D) None of these
nk + 1 divides 1 + n + n2 + … + n127 is divisible by
Solution: (A)
(A) 8 (B) 16
We have,
(C) 32 (D) 64
(1 + x) + (1 + x + x2) + (1 + x + x2 + x3)
Solution: (D) + … upto n terms
We have, 1 − x 2 1 − x3 1 − x 4
= + + + … to n terms
n128 − 1 1− x 1− x 1− x
1 + n + n2 + … + n127 =
n −1 1
= [(1 + 1 + 1 + … n terms)
( n64 − 1) ( n64 + 1) 1− x
= – (x2 + x3 + x4 + … to n terms)]
n −1
1 ⎡ x 2 (1 − x n ) ⎤
= (1 + n + n2 + … + n63) (n64 + 1) = ⎢n − ⎥
1 − x ⎢⎣ 1 − x ⎥⎦
\ k = 64 which is divisible by 8, 16, 32 and 64.
Properties of G.P.
42. If A = 1+ ra + r2a + r3a + … ∞ and
a 1. If a1, a2, a3, … are in G.P., then
If B = 1 + rb + r2b + r3b + … ∞, then is equal to
b (a) a1k, a2k, a3k, … are also in G.P.
(A) logB A (B) log1 – B (1 – A) a a a
(b) 1 , 2 , 3 , … are also in G.P.
k k k
⎛ A − 1⎞
(C) log B − 1 ⎜ (D) None of these
⎝ A ⎟⎠ (c)
1 1 1
, , , … are also in G.P.
B
a1 a2 a3
Solution:(C) (d) ak1, ak2, a3k … are also in G.P.
1 1 1 A −1 2. If a1, a2, a3, … and b1, b2, b3, … are two G.P.s, then
A= a
⇒ 1 – ra = ⇒ ra = 1 – = (a) a1b1, a2b2, a3b3, … are also in G.P.
1− r A A A
a a a
1 1 1 B −1 (b) 1 , 2 , 3 … are also in G.P.
B= ⇒ 1 – rb = ⇒ rb = 1 – = b1 b2 b3
1− r b B B B (c) a1 ± b1, a2 ± b2, a3 ± b3, … may not be in G.P.
 3. If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in G.P., then or (r – 4) (r2 + 5r + 21) = 0;
(a) a1 an = a2 an – 1 = a3 an – 2 = . . .
−5 ± 25 − 84
(b) ar = ar − k ar + k , 0 ≤ k ≤ n – r. \ r = 4,
2
4. If a1, a2, a3, …, is a G.P. of positive terms, then log a1,
\ Real value of r is 4. Putting this value in (2),
log a2, log a3, …, is also an A.P. and vice-versa.
5. If a1, a2, a3, …, an–2, an–1, an are in G.P., then a1an = 3
a=
× 4 = 3.
(a2an–1) = (a3an–2) = … = aran–(r–1) 4
In a G.P., the product of two terms equidistant from \ The three numbers are, 3, 3 × 4, 3 × 42,
the beginning and end is a constant and is equal to the i.e., 3, 12, 48.
product of first term and last term.
6. If first term of a G.P. of n terms is a and last term is l,
GEOMETRIC MEAN (G.M.)
then the product of all terms of the G.P. is (al)n/2.
7. If there be n quantities in G.P. whose common ratio is Single Geometric Mean
r and Sm denotes the sum of the first m terms, then the
r A number G is said to be the single geometric mean between
sum of their product taken two by two is Sn Sn–1. two given numbers a and b if a, G, b are in G.P.
r +1
8. If a x , a x , a x , ..., a x are in G.P., then x1, x2, x3, …, xn
1 2 3 n For example, since 2, 4, 8 are in G.P., therefore 4 is
will be in A.P. the G.M. between 2 and 8.
9. Product of a G.P.
n-Geometric Means
Case I: If number of terms is odd, then Product of
terms = (middle term)No. of terms The numbers G1, G2, …, Gn are said to be the n geometric
Case II: If number of terms is even, then Product of means between two given positive numbers a and b if a, G1,
terms G2, …, Gn , b are in G.P.
= (Geometric mean of middle terms)No. of For example, since 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 are in G.P., therefore
terms
2, 4, 8 are three geometric means between 1 and 16.

Inserting Single G.M. between Two given

REMEMBER
Numbers
Equal non zero numbers are in G.P. Let a and b be two given positive numbers and G be the
G.M. between them. Then a, G, b are in G.P. Thus
G b
SOLVED EXAMPLE = or G2 = ab, or G = ab (Q G > 0)
a G
44. If the sum of three numbers in G.P. is 63 and the prod-
3 Inserting n-Geometric Means between Two
uct of the first and the second term is of the third given Numbers
term, then the numbers are 4
(A) 3, 12, 48 (B) 4, 12, 36 Let G1, G2, G3, …, Gn be the n geometric means between
(C) 2, 10, 50 (D) None of these two given numbers a and b. Then, a, G1, G2, G3, …, Gn, b
are in G.P.
Solution: (A)
Now, b = (n + 2)th term of G.P.
Let the three numbers be a, ar, ar2
= arn + 1, where r is the common ratio
Given a + ar + ar2 = 63 (1)
1
3 3 b ⎛ b ⎞ n +1
and a . ar = . ar2 or a = r (2) or r n+1
= or r = ⎜ ⎟
4 4 a ⎝ a⎠
3 3 . 3 . 2 1
Putting in (1), r+ r r+ r r = 63 ⎛ b ⎞ n +1
4 4 4 and G1 = ar = a ⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠
3 2
or r + r + r – 84 = 0
 2
i i i
⎛ b ⎞ n +1
2 For example, 0. 234 =
234
=
234
=
26
G2 = ar = a ⎜ ⎟ 10 − 1
3
⎝ a⎠ 999 111
i
M M M  If R = 0.X Y and x denotes the number of digits in X and
2 y denotes the number of digits in Y, then
⎛ b ⎞ n +1
n
Gn = ar = a ⎜ ⎟ R= XY − X
⎝ a⎠ x+y
10 − 10 x
i i
For example, if R = 0.4362, then
TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
4362 − 43 4319
R= =
 The product of n geometric means between two given 10 − 10
4 2 9900
numbers is nth power of the single G.M. between them i.e.
if a and b are two given numbers and G1, G2, …, Gn are n
geometric means between them, then

G1G2G3 … Gn = ( ab)n. SOLVED EXAMPLES

 If A and G are respectively arithmetic and geometric means
45. If two geometric means g1 and g2 and one arithmetic
between two positive numbers a and b then
mean A be inserted between two numbers, then
(A) A>G
g12 g2
+ 2 =
(B) the quadratic equation having a, b as its roots is g2 g1
x2 – 2Ax + G2 = 0 (A) 4A (B) 3A
(C) 2A (D) A
(C) the two positive numbers are A ± A −G .
2 2

Solution: (C)
 If number of terms of any A.P./G.P. is odd, then A.M./G.M.
of first and last terms is middle term of series. Let the two numbers be a and b.
 If number of terms of any A.P./G.P. is even, then A.M./G.M. a+b
of middle two terms is A.M./G.M./H.M. of first and last \ A= or 2A = a + b (1)
2
terms respectively.
Again, a, g1, g2, b are in G.P.
 If pth, qth and rth terms of a G.P. are in G.P., then p, q, r are
in A.P. g1 g b
\ = 2 =
 If a, b, c are in A.P. as well as in G.P. then a = b = c. a g1 g2
If a, b, c are in A.P., then xa, xb, xc will be in G.P. (x ≠ ±1)
g2

g1 g
 Value of recurring decimal Now = 2 ⇒ 1 =a
a g1 g2
i b
If R = 0.bbb … = 0. b, then R =
g2

10′ − 1 g2 b
and = ⇒ 2 =b
5
g1 g2 g1
i 5
For example, 0.5 = =
10′ − 1 9 g12 g2
\ a+b= + 2 (2)
g2 g1
i i ab
If R = 0.ab ab ab … = 0. ab, then R =

102 − 1 \ From Eqs (1) and (2), we get
i i 37 37 g12 g2
For example, 0. 37 = = . 2A = + 2
102 − 1 99 g2 g1

i i i abc
 If R = 0.abc abc abc … , 0. abc then R = and so 46. Let a = 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5. Then
on. 103 − 1
(A) 55 ≥ a (B) 35 ≥ 5!
(C) 55 ≥ 6a (D) None of these
 Solution: (A, B) The required sum
Since A.M. > G.M. = (1 + 2 + 3 + … + 199) – (3 + 6 + 9 + … + 198)
1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 5 – (5 + 10 + 15 + … + 195) + (15 + 30 + 45 +
⇒ ≥ 1⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5
5 … + 195)
⇒ 3≥ 5
a ⇒ 35 ≥ a = 5! 199 66 39
= (1 + 199) – (3 + 198) – (5 + 195)
Also, 55 ≥ 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 = a. 2 2 2
13
47. If a, b, c are positive then the minimum value of + (15 + 195)
2
alog b – log c + blog c – log a + clog a – log b is
(A) 3 (B) 1 = 199 × 100 – 33 × 201 – 39 × 100 + 13 × 105
(C) 9 (D) 16 = 10732
Solution: (A)
49. Sum to 20 terms of the series 1.32 + 2.52 + 3.72 + … is
Since A.M. ≥ G.M.
(A) 178090 (B) 168090
alog b − log c + blog c − log a + c log a − log b (C) 188090 (D) None of these
\
3
Solution :(C)
3 log b − log c log c − log a log a − log b We have,
≥ a ⋅b ⋅c (1)
tn = [nth term of 1, 2, 3, …] ×
Let x = alog b – log c . blog c – log a . clog a – log b
[nth term of 3, 5, 7, …]2
⇒ log x = (log b – log c) log a + (log c – log a) log b
= n (2n + 1)2 = 4n3 + 4n2 + n.
+ (log a – log b) log c
= 0 ⇒ x = 1. \ Sn = S tn = 4 S n3 + 4 S n2 + S n
2
\ From (1), ⎡ n ( n + 1) ⎤ n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) n ( n + 1)
= 4. ⎢ ⎥ + 4⋅ +
alog b – log c + blog c – log a + clog a – log b ≥ 3. ⎣ 2 ⎦ 6 2
2
= n2 (n + 1)2 + n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
3 1
SOME SPECIAL SEQUENCES + n (n + 1);
2
2
1. The sum of first n natural numbers \ S20 = 202 . 212 + × 20 . 21 . 41
3
n ( n +1) 1
Sn = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n = . + . 20 . 21 = 188090
2 2
2. The sum of squares of first n natural numbers 50. Number of terms in the sequence 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, …,
2 2 2 n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1)
2 2 5050 is
Sn = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n = .
6 (A) 50 (B) 75
3. The sum of cubes of the first n natural numbers (C) 100 (D) 125
2
⎡ n ( n + 1) ⎤ Solution: (C)
Sn3 = 13 + 23 + 33 + … + n3 = ⎢ ⎥ .
⎣ 2 ⎦ Let S = 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 +, …, + tn (1)
SOLVED EXAMPLES
then S = 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 +, …, + tn – 1 + tn (2)
48. The sum of all natural numbers less than 200, that are (1) – (2) ⇒ 0 = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … to n terms) – tn
divisible neither by 3 nor by 5, is n ( n +1)
(A) 10730 (B) 10732 ⇒ tn =
2
(C) 15375 (D) None of these
n ( n +1)
Given, 5050 = ⇒ n2 + n – 10100 = 0
Solution: (B) 2
 −1 ± 1 + 40400 TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
⇒ n=
2
If nth term of a sequence is
−1 ± 40401 Tn = an3 + bn2 + cn + d,
=
2 then the sum of n terms is given by,
−1 ± 201 Sn = STn = aSn3 + bSn2 + cSn + Sd,
= = – 101,100
2 which can be evaluated using the above results.
\ n = 100. (Q n is a positive integer)
n i j
51. ∑∑∑ 1 = SOLVED EXAMPLES
i =1 j =1 k =1

n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) n ( n +1) 9 13 17
(A) (B) 53. The sum of the series 2 + 3 + 4 + ... to
6 2 infinite terms, is 5 .2.1 5 .3.2 5 .4.3
2 2 1
⎛ n ( n + 1) ⎞ n ( n + 1) ( n + 2) (A) (B)
(C) ⎜ (D) 5 5
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 6
(C) 1 (D) None of these
Solution: (D)
Solution: (B)
We have,
The general term of the series is
n i j n i
4r + 1
∑∑∑ 1 = ∑∑ j tr = r , where r ≥ z
i =1 j =1 k =1 i =1 j =1 5 ⋅ r ( r − 1)
n
i (i + 1) 1 ⎡ n n ⎤ 5r − ( r − 1) 1 1
= ∑ = ⎢∑ i 2 + ∑ i ⎥ = r
= r −1
− r
i =1 2 2 ⎣ i =1 i =1 ⎦ ∞
5 ⋅ r ( r − 1) 5 ( r − 1) 5 ⋅r
\ ∑ tr =
1 ⎡ n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) n ( n + 1) ⎤ r=2
= ⎢ +
2 ⎣ 6 2 ⎥⎦
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= ⎜ 1 − 2 ⎟ +⎜ 2 − 3 ⎟ +⎜ 3 − 4 ⎟
n ( n + 1) ( n + 2) ⎝ 5 .1 5 .2 ⎠ ⎝ 5 .2 5 .3 ⎠ ⎝ 5 .3 5 .4 ⎠
=
6 + … to infinity
1
52. The sum of the products of the 2n numbers ± 1, ± 2, = (Q terms tend to zero as n → ∞)
5
± 3, …, ± 2n taking two at a time is
n ( n +1) n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) 54. For any odd integer n ≥ 1,
(A) – (B)
2 6 n3 – (n – 1)3 + … + (–1)n–113 =
n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) 1
(C) – (D) None of these (A) (n – 1)2 (2n – 1)
6 2
1
Solution: (C) (B) (n – 1)2 (2n – 1)
4
We have, (1 – 1 + 2 – 2 + 3 – 3 + … + n – n)2 1
(C) (n + 1)2 (2n – 1)
2
= 12 + 12 + 22 + 22 + … + n2 + n2 + 2S,
1
(D) (n + 1)2 (2n – 1)
where S is the required sum 4
⇒ 0 = 2 (12 + 22 + … + n2) + 2S Solution: (D)
n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) Since n is an odd integer (–1)n–1 = 1 and n – 1, n – 3,
⇒ S = – (12 + 22 + … + n2) = – n – 5 etc., are even integers. We have
6
 n3 – (n – 1)3 + (n – 2)3 – (n – 3)3 + … + (–1)n–113 In other words, when | r | < 1 the sum to infinity of an
3 3 3 3 a dr
= n + (n – 1) + (n – 2) + … + 1 arithmetico-geometric series is S∞ = + .
1 − r (1 − r ) 2
– 2[(n – 1)3 + (n – 3)3 + … + 23]
METHOD FOR FINDING SUM OF A.G.
= n3 + (n – 1)3 + (n – 2)3 + … + 13
SERIES
⎡⎛ n − 1⎞ 3 ⎛ n − 3 ⎞ 3 3
⎤
3 ⎢⎜⎟
–2×2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ + ⎜ ⎟ + ... + 1 ⎥ Method of Differences
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
[Q n –1, n – 3 are even integers] Suppose a1, a2, a3, … is a sequence such that the sequence
a2 – a1, a3 – a2, … is either an A.P. or a G.P. The nth term
2 2
⎡ n( n + 1) ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎛ n − 1⎞ ⎛ n − 1 ⎞ ⎤ ‘a’n of this sequence is obtained as follows:
= ⎢ ⎥ − 16 ⎢ 2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 + 1⎟⎠ ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ S = a1 + a2 + a3 + … + an–1 + an
2 2
1 2 ( n − 1) ( n + 1) S = a1 + a2 + … + an–1 + an
= n (n + 1)2 – 16
4 16 × 4 ⇒ an = a1 + [a2 – a1) + (a3 – a2) + … + (an – an–1)]
1 1
= (n + 1)2 [n2 – (n – 1)2] = (n + 1)2(2n – 1). Since the terms within the brackets are either in an A.P. or
4 4 in a G.P., we can find the value of an, the nth term, we can
now find the sum of the n terms of the sequence as
ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION n

(A.G.P.) S= ∑ ak
k =1
If a1, a2, a3, …, an, … is an A.P. and b1, b2, …, bn, … is G.P.
then the sequence a1b1, a2b2, a3b3, …, anbn, … is said to be SOLVED EXAMPLES
an arithmetico-geometric sequence.
Thus, the general form of an arithmetico geometric
55. Find the sum to n terms of the series:
sequence is a, (a + d) r, (a + 2d) r2, (a + 3d) r3, …
(A) 2 + 5 + 10 + 17 + …
nth term of A.G.P. (B) 3 + 5 + 9 + 17 + …

From the symmetry we obtain that the nth term of this Solution
sequence is [a + (n – 1)d] rn–1. (A) Here, the difference in consecutive terms are 3, 5,
Also, let a, (a + d) r, (a + 2d) r2, (a + 3d) r3, … be an 7, … which are in A.P.
arithmetico-geometric sequence. Let Sn = 2 + 5 + 10 + 17 + … + tn–1 + tn
Then, a + (a + d) r + (a + 2d) r2 + (a + 3d) r3 + … is Shifting every term one place to the right
an arithmetico-geometric series. Sn = 2 + 5 + 10 + … + tn–1 + tn
Subtracting, we get 0 = (2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + … to n
Sum of A.G.P. terms) – tn
⇒ tn = 2 + [3 + 5 + 7 + … to (n – 1) terms]
1. Sum to n terms: The sum of n terms of an arithmeti-
co-geometric sequence a, (a + d) r, (a + 2d) r2, (a + 3d) n −1
=2+ [2 × 3 + (n – 2) × 2]
r3, … is given by, 2
n −1
⎧ a (1 − r n −1 ) [a + ( n − 1)d ]r n =2+ (2n + 2) = 2 + (n – 1) (n + 1)
⎪ + dr − , when r ≠ 1 2
Sn = ⎪⎨1 − r (1 − r )2 1− r = 2 + (n2 – 1) = n2 + 1.
⎪n Putting n = 1, 2, 3, … , n and adding, we get
⎪⎩ 2 [2a + ( n − 1)d ], when r = 1 n
Sn = ∑ k 2 + n = ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) + n
n
2. Sum to infinite terms: Let | r | < 1. Then rn, rn–1 → 0 k =1 6
as n → ∞ and it can also be shown that n . rn → 0 as n n
= (2n + 3n + 1 + 6) = (2n2 + 3n + 7)
2

a dr 6 6
n → ∞. So, we obtain that Sn → + , as (B) Here the differences of consecutive terms are 2, 4,
1 − r (1 − r )2
8, … which are in G.P.
n → ∞.
 Let Sn = 3 + 5 + 9 + 17 + … + tn–1 + tn 57. The sum of first n terms of the series
Shifting every term one place to the right 1 . 1! + 2 . 2! + 3 . 3! + 4 . 4! + … is
Sn = 3 + 5 + 9 + … + tn–1 + tn (A) (n + 1)! – 1 (B) n! – 1
Subtracting, we get 0 = (3 + 2 + 4 + 8 + … to n terms) (C) (n – 1)! – 1 (D) None of these
– tn
⇒ tn = 3 + [2 + 4 + 8 + … to (n – 1) terms] Solution: (A)
n−1 Let Sn = 1 . 1! + 2 . 2! + 3 . 3! + 4 . 4!
= 3 + 2 ( 2 − 1) = 3 + 2n – 2
2 −1 + … + n × n!
= 1 + 2n
Putting n = 1, 2, 3, … , n, we get ⇒ Sn = (2 – 1) 1! + (3 – 1) 2! + (4 – 1) 3!
t1 = 1 + 21
+ (5 – 1) 4! + … + [(n + 1) – 1] n!
t2 = 1 + 22
t3 = 1 + 23 = (2 . 1! – 1!) + (3 . 2! – 2!) + (4 . 3! – 3!)
M
tn = 1 + 2n + (5 . 4! – 4!) + … + [(n + 1) n! – n!]
Adding column-wise, we get
Sn = n + (2 + 22 + 23 + … + 2n) = (2! – 1!) + (3! – 2!) + (4! – 3!) + (5! – 4!)

= n + 2 ( 2 − 1) = 2n+1 + n – 2
n
+ … + [(n + 1)! – n!]
2 −1
= (n + 1)! – 1! = (n + 1)! – 1.
56. Sum to infinity of the series
2 5 2 11 58. If a, b, c are digits, then the rational number repre-
− + − +… is
3 6 3 24 sented by 0 . cababab … is
4 1 99c + ab 99c + 10 a + b
(A) (B) (A) (B)
9 3 990 99
2 99c + 10 a + b
(C) (D) None of these (C) (D) None of these
9 990
Solution: (C) Solution: (C)

2 5 2 11 Let R = 0 . cababab…
Let S= − + − + ... to ∞ (1)
3 6 3 24 ⇒ 102R = ca . bababa …
1
Multiplying both sides by – , the common ratio of and 104R = caba . baba …
G.P. 2
1 ⇒ (104 – 102) R = caba – ca
2 5 8
– S=– + − + ... to ∞ (2)
2 6 12 24 caba − ca 1000c + 100a + 10b + a − 10c − a
⇒ R= =
Subtracting Eqs (2) from (1), we have 9900 9900
3 2 3 3 3 99c + 10 a + b
S= − + − + ... to ∞ =
2 3 6 12 24 990

2 ⎛1 1 1 ⎞ 59. The sum of first n terms of the series

= − − + + ... to ∞⎟ 2
3 ⎜⎝ 2 4 8 ⎠ 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 5.62 + … is n ( n +1)
2
1 when n is even. When n is odd the sum is
2 2 2 1 1
= − = − = n2 ( n + 1) 2
3 ⎛ ⎞1 3 3 3 (A) (B) n ( n +1)
1− ⎜ − ⎟ 2 2
⎝ 2⎠ 2
⎡ n ( n + 1) ⎤ n ( n +1)
1 2 2 (C) ⎢ ⎥ (D)
\ S= × = ⎣ 2 ⎦ 2
3 3 9
 Solution: (A) Solution: (D)
When n is odd, last term will be n2, \ then the sum is
Let S = 1 + 2 . 2 + 3 . 22 + 4 . 23 + 5 . 24
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 + 2.2 + 3 + 2.4 + 5 + 2.6 + … + 2 (n – 1) + n + … + 100 . 299
( n − 1) n2 ⎡ n ( n + 1) 2 ⎤ \ 2S = 1 . 2 + 2 . 22 + 3 . 23 + … + 99 . 299
= + n2 ⎢ Replacing n by n − 1 in ⎥
2 2 + 100 . 2100
⎣ ⎦
Substracting, we get
3 2 2 n3 + n2 n2 ( n + 1)
= n − n + 2n = = – S = 1 + 1 . 2 + 1 . 22 + … + 1 . 299 –100 . 2100
2 2 2
= (1 + 2 + 22 + … + 299) – 100 . 2100
60. The sum of the series
1( 2100 − 1)
1 + 2 . 2 + 3 . 22 + 4 . 23 + 5 . 24 + … + 100 . 299 is = – 100 · 2100 = 2100 – 1 – 100 . 2100
(A) 99 . 2100 + 1 (B) 100 . 2100 2 −1
100
(C) 99 2 . (D) 99 . 2100 + 1 \ S = 100 . 2100 – 2100 + 1 = 99 . 2100 + 1.

EXERCISES

Single Option Correct Type

1. If a, b, c are positive numbers in A.P. such that their
⎡ 9⎤
product is 64, then the minimum value of b (A) ⎢1, ⎥ (B) (– ∞, 0)
(A) = 2 (B) = 4 ⎣ 2⎦
⎡ 9⎤
(C) ⎡⎢ , 1⎤⎥
(C) = 1 (D) Does not exist 5
(D) ⎢1, ⎥
2. If three successive terms of a G.P. with common ratio ⎣9 ⎦ ⎣ 5⎦
r(r > 1) form the sides of a DABC and [r] denotes 6. Let Sn (1 ≤ n ≤ 9) denotes the sum of n terms of series
greatest integer function, then [r] + [–r] = 1 + 22 + 333 + … + 999999999, then for 2 ≤ n ≤ 9
(A) 0 (B) 1 1
(A) Sn – Sn–1 = (10n – n2 + n)
(C) –1 (D) None of these 9
1
(B) Sn = (10n – n2 + 2n – 2)
21
9
3. If ∑ aj = 693, where a1, a2, …, a21, are in A.P., then (C) 9(Sn – Sn–1) = n(10n – 1)
j =1
(D) None of these
10
∑ a2i +1 is 7. If log 5 x + log5 x + log5 x + … upto 7 terms = 35,
1/3 1/4

i=0 then x is equal to

(A) 361 (B) 396 (A) 5 (B) 25
(C) 363 (D) data insufficient (C) 125 (D) None of these
∞ ∞
4. Number of increasing geometrical progression(s) with 8. If ∑ x n−1 = a and ∑ y n−1 = b where | x |, | y | < 1,
first term unity, such that any three consecutive terms, n =1 n =1
on doubling the middle become an A.P. is ∞

(A) 0 (B) 1
then ∑ ( xy)n−1 =
n =1
(C) 2 (D) infinity a + b −1
(A) ab (B)
5. If a1, a2, a3 (with a1 > 0) are in G.P. with common ratio ab
r, then the value of r for which the inequality 9a1 + 5a3 1 ab
(C) (D)
> 14a2 holds, cannot be in the interval 1− ab a + b −1
 9. Let p, q, r ∈ R+ and 27pqr ≥ (p + q + r)3 and 3p + 4q (A) 2 (B) 1
+ 5r = 12 then p3 + q4 + r5 is equal to (C) 4 (D) 2
(A) 3 (B) 6 17. Sum to n terms of the series
(C) 2 (D) None of these
1 1
10. The sum of the series + is
(1 + x ) (1 + 2 x ) (1 + 2 x ) (1 + 3 x )
1 2 3
+ + + … to n terms
1 + 1 + 1 1 + 2 + 2 1 + 3 + 34
2 4 2 4 2
nx n
(A) (B)
is (1 + x ) (1 + nx ) (1 + x ) [1 + ( n + 1) x ]
n( n2 + 1) n( n + 1)
(A) 2 (B) x
n + n +1 2( n2 + n + 1) (C) (D) None of these
(1 + x ) (1 + ( n − 1) x )
2
n( n − 1)
(C) (D) None of these 18. If a, b, c are distinct positive real numbers and a2 + b2
2( n2 + n + 1)
+ c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca is
11. a, b, c are three distinct real numbers, which are in G.P. (A) less than 1 (B) equal to 1
and a + b + c = xb. Then (C) greater than 1 (D) any real number
(A) x < –1 or x > 3 (B) –1 < x < 3
19. The value of (n – 2)2 + (n – 4)2 + (n – 6)2 + … to n
(C) –1 < x < 2 (D) 0 < x < 1
terms is
12. The sum of the first hundred terms of an A.P. is x and n n
(A) (n2 + 2) (B) (n2 + 3)
the sum of the hundred terms starting from the third 3 2
term is y. Then the common difference is n 2 n 2
(C) (n – 2) (D) (n – 3)
y−x y−x 3 2
(A) (B)
2 50 20. The sum to infinity of the series
y−x y−x 2
(C)
100
(D) 1 + 2 ⎛⎜1 − 1 ⎞⎟ + 3 ⎛⎜1 − 1 ⎞⎟ + … where n ∈ N, is given
200 ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠
∞
1 ∞
1 by
13. If λ = ∑ i4 , then ∑ (2i − 1)4 is
(A) n (n – 1)
⎛ 1⎞
(B) n ⎜1 − ⎟
2

i =1 i =1
⎝ n⎠
14 λ 2
(A) λ (B) ⎛ n − 1⎞
(C) n2 (D) ⎜
15 2 ⎝ n ⎟⎠
16 15
(C) λ (D) λ 21. a1, a2, a3, … are in A.P. with common difference not a
15 16
multiple of 3. Then, maximum number of consecutive
14. The sum of all possible products of the first n natural terms so that all the terms are prime numbers is
numbers taken two at a time is (A) 2 (B) 3
1 1 (C) 5 (D) infinite
(A) [Sn2 – Sn] (B) [(Sn)2 – Sn]
2 2 22. The coefficient of x49 in the product (x – 1) (x – 3) …
1 1 (x – 99) is
(C) [Sn2 – S(n + 1)] (D) [(Sn)2 – Sn2]
2 2 (A) – 992 (B) 1
(C) – 2500 (D) None of these
15. The minimum value of 8sin x/8 + 8cos x/8 is
1 3+ 2
23. If x, y, z are three real numbers of the same sign then
3− 2 / 2 x y z
(A) 2 (B) 2 2 the value of + + lies in the interval
y z x
1 3− 2 (A) [2, ∞) (B) [3, ∞)
3+ 2 / 2 2 (C) (3, ∞) (D) (–∞, 3)
(C) 2 (D) 2
24. In a G.P. of alternating positive and negative terms,
16. If log 2 a + log 2 a + log2 a + log2 a + … upto 20
1/2 1/4 1/6 18
/
any term is the A.M. of the next two terms. Then the
terms is 840, then a is equal to common ratio is
 (A) –1 (B) –3
2 1 1⎛ 1 n! ⎞
−1 (A) − (B) −
(C) –2 (D) 5! ( n + 1)! 4 ⎝ 4 ! ( n + 4)!⎟⎠
⎜
2
1⎛ 1 3! ⎞
25. If A = 1 + ra + r2a + r3a + .... as and B = 1+ rb + r2b + (C) − (D) None of these
a 4 ⎜⎝ 3! ( n + 2)!⎟⎠
r3b + …. as, then is equal to
b 32. If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that
(1− A)
(A) log BA (B) log1− B (a2 + b2 + c2) p2 – 2p (ab + bc + cd) + (b2 + c2 + d2)
≤ 0 then a, b, c, d are in
⎛ A −1 ⎞ (A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) log B −1 ⎜ (D) None of these
B ⎝
A ⎟⎠ (C) H.P. (D) ab = cd

26. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is cn (n – 1), where 33. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, then the greatest
c ≠ 0, then sum of the squares of these terms is value of a2 b3 c2 is
(A) c2n2(n + 1)2 310 ⋅ 24 9 4
(A) (B) 3 ⋅ 2
2 2 77 77
(B) c n (n – 1) (2n – 1)
3 8 4
2 (C) 3 ⋅ 2 (D) None of these
(C) 2c n (n + 1) (2n + 1) 77
3
(D) None of these a b aa − b
1
34. If b c ba − c = 0 and a ≠ , then
27. If in an A.P., Sn = p.n2 and Sm = p.m2 where Sr denotes 2
the sum of r terms of the A.P., then Sp is equal to 2 1 0
1 3 (A) a, b, c are in A.P. (B) a, b, c are in G.P.
(A) p (B) mnp (C) a, b, c are in H.P. (D) None of these
2
(C) p3 (D) (m + n) p2 35. Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. If
3
28. If b1, b2 and b3 (b1 > 0) are three successive terms of a a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of a is
2
G.P. with common ratio r, the value of r for which the 1 1
inequality b3 > 4b2 – 3b1 holds, is given by (A) (B)
2 2 2 3
(A) r > 3 (B) r < 1
1 1 1 1
(C) r = 2.5 (D) r = 1.7 (C) − (D) −
2 3 2 2
29. If p, q, r are positive and are in A.P., the roots of qua- 36. If a1, a2, …, an are in A.P. with common difference
dratic equation px2 + qx + r = 0 are all real for d ≠ 0, then sum of the series sin d [sec a1 sec a2 + sec
r p a2 sec a3 + … + sec an–1 sec an] is
(A) −7 ≥ 4 3 (B) −7 ≥ 4 3
p r (A) tan an – tan a1 (B) cot an – cot a1
(C) sec an – sec a1 (D) cosec an – cosec a1
(C) all p and r (D) no p and r
37. The first and last term of an A.P. are a and l respec-
30. The sum to n terms of the series tively. If S is the sum of all the terms of the A.P. and the
1 5 19 65 l 2 − a2
+ + + + … is common difference is , then k is equal to
3 9 27 81 k − ( l + a)
(A) S (B) 2S
(3n − 2n ) 2 (3n − 2n )
(A) n – (B) n – (C) 3S (D) None of these
2n 3n
38. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., then
(C) 2n – 1 (D) 3n – 1
(a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) =
1 1! 2 ! 3! (A) (ab + ac + bc)2 (B) (ac + cd + ad)2
31. Sum to n terms of the series + + + + … is (C) (ab + bc + cd) 2
(D) None of these
5! 6 ! 7 ! 8!
39. If one geometric mean G and two arithmetic means 46. The first two terms of a geometric progression add up
p and q be inserted between two numbers, then G2 is to 12. The sum of the third and the fourth terms is 48.
equal to If the terms of the geometric progression are alter-
(A) (3p – q) (3q – p) (B) (2p – q) (2q – p) nately positive and negative, then the first term is
(C) (4p – q) (4q – p) (D) None of these (A) –4 (B) –12
(C) 12 (D) 4
40. The product of n positive integers is 1, then their sum
is a positive integer, that is 47. The sum to the infinity of the series
(A) equal to 1 (B) equal to n + n2 2 6 10 14
1 + + 2 + 2 + 4 + ... is
(C) divisible by n (D) never less than n 3 3 3 3
41. A man saves ` 200 in each of the first three months of (A) 2 (B) 3
his service. In each of the subsequent months his sav- (C) 4 (D) 6
ing increases by ` 40 more than the saving of immedi- 48. The sum of positive terms of the series
ately previous months. His total saving from the start
of service will be ` 11040 after 4 1
10 + 9 + 9 + … is
(A) 21 months (B) 18 months 7 7
(C) 19 months (D) 20 months 352 437
(A) (B)
42. Statement-1: The sum of the series 1 + (1 + 2 + 4) + 7 7
(4 + 6 + 9) + (9 + 12 + 16) + …+ (361 + 380 + 400) is 852
(C) (D) None of these
8000. 7
n
Statement-2: ∑ (k 3 − (k − 1)3 ) = n3 , for any natural 49. The sum of the products of the 2n numbers ±1, ±2, ±3.
number n. k =1 …, ±n taking two at a time is
(A) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. n ( n + 1) n ( n + 1)
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; state- (A) (B) −
2 2
ment-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1)
(C) (D) –
statement-2 is not a correct explanation for 6 6
Statement-1. 50. If a is the first term, d the common difference and Sk
(D) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false. S
the sum to k terms of an A.P., then for kx to be inde-
43. If 100 times the 100th term of an AP with non-zero pendent of x Sx
common difference equals the 50 times its 50th term,
(A) a = 2d (B) a = d
then the 150th term of this AP is
(C) 2a = d (D) None of these
(A) –150
(B) 150 times its 50th term 51. Given that a, γ are roots of the equation Ax2 – 4x + 1 = 0
(C) 150 and b, δ are roots of the equation Bx2 – 6x + 1 = 0. If
(D) zero a, b, γ and δ are in H.P., then
(A) A = 5 (B) A = – 3
44. If the sum of first n terms of two A.P.’s are in the ratio
(C) B = 8 (D) B = – 8
3n + 8 : 7n + 15, then the ratio of their 12th terms is
(A) 8 : 7 (B) 7 : 16 52. The sum of n terms of m A.P.s are S1, S2, S3, …, Sm. If
(C) 74 : 169 (D) 13 : 47 the first term and common difference are 1, 2, 3, …, m
respectively, then S1 + S2 + S3 + … + Sm =
1 3 7 15
45. The sum of n terms of the series + + + + ... 1
2 4 8 16 (A) mn (m + 1) (n + 1)
is 4
1 1
(A) 2n − n − (B) 1 – 2–n (B) mn (m + 1) (n + 1)
2 2
1 n (C) mn (m + 1) (n + 1)
(C) n + 2–n – 1 (D) ( 2 − 1)
2 (D) None of these
53. If three positive numbers a, b, c are in H.P., then 61. a, b, c are three distinct real numbers, which are in G.P.
an + cn and a + b + c = xb. Then,
(A) > 2bn (B) = 2bn (A) x < –1 or x > 3 (B) –1 < x < 3
n
(C) < 2b (D) > bn (C) –1 < x < 2 (D) 0 < x < 1
3
54. The sum of first n terms of the series 1
1 ⋅ 1! + 2 ⋅ 2! + 3 ⋅ 3! + 4 ⋅ 4! + … is
62. If a1, a2, a3, a4 are in H.P., then
a
∑ ar ar +1 is a
root of 1a4 r =1
(A) (n + 1)! – 1 (B) n! – 1
(C) (n – 1)! – 1 (D) None of these
(A) x2 + 2x + 15 = 0 (B) x2 + 2x – 15 = 0
55. If a, b, c are digits, then the rational number repre- (C) x2 – 6x – 8 = 0 (D) x2 – 9x + 20 = 0
sented by 0 ⋅ cababab … is
63. The sum to n terms of the series
99c + ab 99c + 10 a + b 1 5 19 65
(A) (B) + + + + … is
990 99 3 9 27 81
99c + 10 a + b (3n − 2n ) 2 (3n − 2n )
(C) (D) None of these
990 (A) n – (B) n –
2n 3n
56. The sum of first n terms of the series n
(C) 2 – 1 n
(D) 3 – 1
2
12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 5.62 + … is n ( n +1) 64. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, then the greatest
when n is even. When n is odd, the sum is 2 value of a2 b3 c2 is
310 ⋅ 24 9 4
n2 ( n + 1) 2 (A) (B) 3 ⋅ 2
(A) (B) n ( n +1) 77 77
2 2 8 4
2 (C) 3 ⋅ 2 (D) None of these
⎡ n ( n + 1) ⎤ n ( n +1) 77
(C) ⎢ ⎥ (D)
⎣ 2 ⎦ 2 65. Let the harmonic mean and the geometric mean of two
57. The sum of the series positive numbers be in the ratio 4 : 5. The two numbers
1 + 2 . 2 + 3 . 22 + 4 . 23 + 5 . 24 + … + 100 . 299 is are in the ratio
(A) 99 . 2100 + 1 (B) 100 . 2100 (A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 4 : 1
100
(C) 99 . 2 (D) 99 . 2100 + 1
66. The first and last term of an A.P. are a and l, respec-
58. Four different integers form an increasing A.P. If one tively. If S is the sum of all the terms of the A.P. and the
of these numbers is equal to the sum of the squares of l 2 − a2
the other three numbers, then the numbers are common difference is , then k is equal to
k − ( l + a)
(A) – 2, – 1, 0, 1 (B) 0, 1, 2, 3 (A) S (B) 2S
(C) – 1, 0, 1, 2 (D) None of these (C) 3S (D) None of these
59. If three successive terms of a G.P. with common ratio 67. If a1, a2, …, an are in A.P. with common difference
r(r > 1) form the sides of a DABC and [r] denotes d ≠ 0, then sum of the series sin d [sec a1 sec a2 + sec a2
greatest integer function, then [r] + [–r] = sec a3 + … + sec an–1 sec an] is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (A) tan an – tan a1
(C) –1 (D) None of these (B) cot an – cot a1
60. Let Sn (1 ≤ n ≤ 9) denotes the sum of n terms of series (C) sec an – sec a1
1 + 22 + 333 + … + 999999999, then for 2 ≤ n ≤ 9 (D) cosec an – cosec a1
1 1 1! 2 ! 3!
(A) Sn – Sn–1 = (10n – n2 + n) 68. Sum to n terms of the series + + + + … is
9 5! 6 ! 7 ! 8!
1 2 1 1⎛ 1 n! ⎞
(B) Sn = (10 – n2 + 2n – 2)
n
(A) − (B) −
9 5! ( n + 1)! 4 ⎝ 4 ! ( n + 4)!⎟⎠
⎜
(C) 9(Sn – Sn–1) = n(10n – 1)
1⎛ 1 3! ⎞
(C) − (D) None of these
(D) None of these 4 ⎝ 3! ( n + 2)!⎟⎠
⎜
 n ( n −1)
69. If an and bn be two sequences given by (C) (1 – 2n) 2 2 ⋅
an = ( x )1/2 + ( y )1/2 and bn = ( x )1/2 − ( y )1/2 for all
n n n n
(D) None of these
n ∈ N. Then, a1a2a3 … an is equal to 75. If 0.272727…, x and 0.727272… are in H.P., then x
x+ y must be
(A) x – y (B) (A) rational (B) integer
bn
(C) irrational (D) None of these
x− y xy
(C) (D) 76. If a1 = 0 and a1, a2, a3, …, an are real numbers such
bn bn
that | ai | = | ai – 1 + 1 | for all i then the A.M. of the
70. For any odd integer n ≥ 1, numbers a1, a2, …, an has value x where
n3 – (n – 1)3 + … + (–1)n–113 = 1 1
(A) x ≤ – (B) x ≥ –
1 2 2
(A) (n – 1)2 (2n – 1) 1
2 (C) x < – (D) None of these
1 2
(B) (n – 1)2 (2n – 1) 77. If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in H.P., then
4
1 a1 a2
(C) (n + 1)2 (2n – 1) , …,
2 a2 + a3 + ... + an a1 + a3 + ... + an
1 an
(D) (n + 1)2 (2n – 1) are in
4 a1 + a2 + ... + an −1
71. For a positive integer n, let a (n) = (A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P. (D) None of these
1 1 1 1
1+ + + + ... + n . Then
2 3 4 (2 ) − 1 78. The consecutive numbers of a three digit number form
a G.P. If we subtract 792 from this number, we get a
(A) a (100) ≤ 100 (B) a (100) > 100 number consisting of the same digits written in the
(C) a (200) ≤ 100 (D) a (200) > 100 reverse order and if we increase the second digit of the
72. Let a, b, γ be the roots of the equation required number by 2, the resulting number forms an
3x3 – x2 – 3x + 1 = 0. If a, b, γ are in H.P. then A.P. The number is
|a–γ|= (A) 139 (B) 193
1 2 (C) 931 (D) None of these
(A) (B)
3 3 79. The largest term of the sequence
4 1 4 9 16
(C) (D) None of these , , , , … is
3 503 524 581 692
73. Suppose a, b > 0 and x1, x2, x3 (x1 > x2 > x3) are roots 16 4
(A) (B)
x−a x−b b a 692 524
of + = + and x1 – x2 – x3 = c,
b a x−a x−b 49
(C) (D) None of these
then a, b, c are in 1529
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P. (D) None of these 80. The coefficient of x99 and x98 in the polynomial
(x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) … (x – 100) are
74. The coefficient of xn in the product (A) – 5050 and 12482075
(1 – x) (1 – 2x) (1 – 22 ⋅ x) (1 – 23 ⋅ x) … (1 – 2n ⋅ x) is (B) – 4050 and 12582075
equal to (C) – 5050 and 12582075
n ( n −1)
(D) None of these
(A) (1 – 2n + 1) 2 2 ⋅
n ( n −1) 81. The three successive terms of a G.P. will form the
(B) (2 n+1
– 1) ⋅2 2 sides of a triangle if the common ratio r satisfies the
inequality
 3 −1 3 +1 π4 π4
(A) <r< (A) (B)
2 2 45 96

5 −1 < r < 5 +1 π4
(B) (C) (D) None of these
2 2 124

2 −1 89. If the (m + 1) th, (n + 1) th and (r +1)th terms of an A.P.

(C) < r < 2 +1 are in G.P. and m, n, r are in H.P., then the ratio of the
2 2
(D) None of these first term of the A.P. to its common difference is
n n
82. If the sides of a right angled triangle are in G.P., then (A) (B) −
3 3
the cosine of the greater acute angle is
n n
1 1 (C) (D) −
(A) (B) 2 2
1+ 5 1− 5
90. Let there be n numbers in G.P. whose common ratio
(C) 1 + 5 (D) None of these is r and Sm denotes the sum of their first m terms. The
2 sum of their products taken two at a time is k Sn Sn–1
83. Sum to n terms of the series 2 + 5 + 14 + 41 + … is where k =
n 1 n n 3 n r −1 r −1
(A) + (3 − 1) (B) + (3 − 1) (A) (B)
2 4 2 4 r r +1
n 1 n r
(C) + (3 − 1) (D) None of these (C) (D) None of these
2 2 r +1
84. If the pth, qth and rth terms of both an A.P. and a G.P. 91. If a, b, c, d are distinct integers in A.P. such that d = a2
be respectively a, b and c, then + b2 + c2, then a + b + c + d =
(A) ac ⋅ cb ⋅ ba = ac ⋅ bc ⋅ ab (A) 2 (B) 1
(B) ab – 1 ⋅ bc + 1 ⋅ ca – 1 = ac – 1 ⋅ ba – 1 ⋅ cb + 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
(C) ab ⋅ bc ⋅ ca = ac ⋅ ba ⋅ cb 1 1 1
(D) None of these 92. If Hn = 1 + + + ..... + , then the value of
2 3 n
85. If, in a G.P. of 3n terms, S1 denotes the sum of the first 3 5 2n − 1
n terms, S2 the sum of the second block of n terms and 1 + + + .... + is
2 3 n
S3 the sum of the last n terms, then S1, S2, S3 are in
(A) n – Hn (B) 2n – Hn
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) (n – 1) – Hn (D) n – 2Hn
(C) H.P. (D) None of these
93. If am be the mth term of an A.P., then
86. In a geometric series, the first term is a and common
a21 –a22 + a23 – a24 +….+ a22n–1– a22n =
ratio is r. If Sn denotes the sum of n terms and Un
n n −1 2 n
(A) ( a − a22n ) (B) (a2 − a2 )
= ∑ Sn, then rSn + (1 – r) un = 2n − 1 1 2n − 1 2 n 1
n =1
n
(A) na (B) (n – 1) a (C) ( a 2 − a22n ) (D) None of these
(C) (n + 1) a (D) None of these 2n − 1 1

87. In a Dabc, if cot A, cot B, cot C are in A.P. then a2, b2, 94. If an + 1 =
1
for n ≥ 1 and a3 = a1, then (a2001)2001=
c2 are in 1− an
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (A) 1 (B) –1
(C) H.P. (D) A.G. P. (C) 0 (D) None of these
1 1 1 4
88. If 4
+ 4
+ 4
+ .... up to ∞ = π , then the value of 95. If a, b, c are positive numbers in G.P. and log
1 2 3 90 ⎛ 5c ⎞ ⎛ 3b ⎞ ⎛ a⎞
1 1 1 ⎜⎝ a ⎟⎠ , log ⎜⎝ 5c ⎟⎠ and log ⎜⎝ 3b ⎟⎠ are in A.P. then a, b, c
+ + + …. up to ∞ is
14 34 54
 (A) form the sides of an equilateral triangle If p, q, r are in A.P. then x, y, z are in
(B) form the sides of an isosceles triangle (A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) form the sides of a right angled triangle (C) H. P (D) None of these
(D) can not form the sides of a triangle
101. If | a | < 1 and | b | < 1, then the sum of the series
96. If a, b, c are in G.P. and log a – log 2b, log 2b – log 3c 1 + (1 + a) b + (1 + a + a2) b2 + (1 + a + a2 + a3) b3 +
and log 3c – log a are in A.P., then a, b, c are the sides … ∞ is equal to
of a triangle which is
1 1
(A) right angled (A) (B)
(1 − b)(1 − ab) (1 − a)(1 − ab)
(B) acute angled
(C) obtuse angled 1
(C) (D) None of these
(D) None of these (1 − a)(1 − b)
97. In a sequence of 4n + 1 terms, the first 2n +1 terms 102. If < an > and < bn > be two sequences given by an =
are in A.P. having common difference 2 and the last −n −n −n −n

x 2 + y 2 and bn = x 2 − y 2 ∀ n ∈ N, then the

1
2n + 1 terms are in G.P. having common ratio . If the value of a1 a2 a3 ….an is
2
middle term of the A.P. is equal to the middle term of x+ y x−y
(A) (B)
the G.P. then the middle term of the sequence is bn bn
n.2n + 1 n +1
x2 + y2 x2 − y2
(A) (B) n.2 (C) (D)
n
2 +1 2n − 1 bn bn

(C) n.2n (D) None of these 103. The sixth term of an A.P. is equal to 2. The value of
n
2 −1 the common difference of the A.P. which makes the
product a1 a4 a5 greatest, is
98. If S1, S2 and S3 denote the sums up to n > 1 terms of
8 2
three sequences in A.P. whose first terms are unity and (A) (B)
common differences are in H.P. then n = 5 3
3 3
2S3 S1 + S1S2 + S2 S3 (C) (D)
(A) 5 4
S1 − 2S2 + S3 104. If the natural numbers are written as
2S3 S1 − S1S2 − S2 S3 1
(B)
S1 + 2S2 + S3 2 3
2S3 S1 − S1S2 − S2 S3 4 5 6
(C)
S1 − 2S2 + S3 7 8 9 10
(D) None of these ......................
......................
99. Sum to n terms of the series 13 + 3.23 + 33 + 3.43 + 53
+….., where n is even, is Then, the sum of the terms of the nth row is
n ( n2 − 1) n ( n2 + 1)
n2 ( n2 − 3n + 1) 2 2 (A) (B)
(A) (B) n ( n + 3n + 1) 2 4
2 2
n ( n2 + 1)
2 2 (C) (D) None of these
(C) n ( n + 3n + 1) (D) None of these 2
4
100. Let a be a fixed real number such that
a− x a− y a− z
= =
px qy rz
More than One Option Correct Type
105. The H.M. of two numbers is 4. If their A.M. A and 111. The solution of the equations logx + logx 1/2 + log x 1/4
G.M. G satisfy the relation 2A + G2 = 27, then the 1 + 3 + 5 + ..... + ( 2 y − 1)
numbers are + ….= y and
4 + 7 + 10 + .... + (3 y + 1)
(A) 1 (B) 2 20
(C) 3 (D) 6 = is
7 log x
106. If the first and the (2n – 1)th terms of an A.P., G.P. and
(A) x = 105, 10–5/7
H.P. are equal and their nth terms are a, b, c respec-
tively, then 10
(B) y = 10, −
(A) a = b = c (B) a ≥ b ≥ c 7
(C) a + c = b (D) ac – b2 = 0 10
(C) x = 10, −
107. The real numbers x1, x2, x3 satisfying the equation 7
x3 – x2 + bx + γ = 0 are in A.P. The intervals in which (D) y = 105, 10–5/7
b and γ lie are
⎛ 1⎤ 112. The sum of of first ten terms of an A.P. is equal to 155
(B) b ∈ ⎢⎡ − , ∞⎞⎟
1
(A) b ∈ ⎜ − ∞, ⎥
⎝ 3⎦ ⎣ 27 ⎠ and the sum of first two terms of a G.P. is 9. If the
first term of the A.P. is equal to the common ratio of
⎛ 1⎤
(D) γ ∈ ⎢⎡ − , ∞⎞⎟
1 the G.P. and the first term of the G.P. is equal to the
(C) γ ∈ ⎜ − ∞, ⎥
⎝ 3⎦ ⎣ 27 ⎠ common difference of the A.P, then
108. If a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 arc in H.P. then (A) first term of the G.P. is
2
,3
3
(A) a = b = c
2
a (B) first term of the A.P. is , 3
(B) – , b, c are in G.P. 3
2 25
c (C) Common ratio of the G.P. is ,2
(C) – , b, a are in G.P. 2
2 2
(D) Common difference of the A.P is , 3
a 3
(D) − , b, c are in H.P.
2 n+4

109. If the G.M. between a and b be twice the H.M., then

113. Let (1 + x2)2 (1+ x)n = ∑ ak x k . If a1,a2, a3, are in
k =0
a A.P., then n is equal to
is equal to
b
(A) 1 (B) 2
2+ 3 2− 3 (C) 3 (D) 4
(A) (B)
2− 3 2+ 3 114. If a, b, c are non-zero real numbers such that 3
(a2 +b2+ c2 + 1) = 2 (a + b + c + ab + bc + ca), then,
4+ 3 4− 3 a, b, c are in
(C) (D)
4− 3 4+ 3 (A) A.P. (B) G. P.
110. If a, b, c are in G.P. and x is the A.M. between a and (C) H.P. (D) all equal
b, y the A.M. between b and c, then 115. Let tn = 1
.1...1, then
n times
a c a c
(A) + =1 (B) + =2 (A) t912 is not prime
x y x y
(B) t951 is not prime
1 1 2 (C) t480 is not prime
(C) + = (D) None of these
x y b (D) t91 is not prime
Passage Based Questions

Passage 1 119 Sum to infinite terms of the series

In finding the summation of a series, sometimes it is 1 1 1
+ + + .... is
possible to express the nth term tn as a difference of two 1· 3 3 · 5 5 · 7
terms. Suppose, we want the sum of the series t1 + t2 + … + 1 1
tn. We try to express tn = xn + 1 – xn (A) (B)
4 3
hence, t1 + t2 + … + tn = (x2 – x1) + (x3 – x2) + … +
(xn + 1 – xn) = xn + 1 – x1 1
(C) (D) None of these
Thus, Sn = xn + 1 – x1. 2
At times, we may have to do partial fractions by trial by
Passage 2
writing the numerator as a difference of extreme
terms. A general arithmetic progression is a, a + d, a + 2d, … and
Suppose, we want to find the sum of the series a general geometric progression is a, ar, ar2, …, then the
sequence a, (a + d)r, (a + 2d)r2, … is called an arithmeti-
1 1 1
+ + + ... up to n terms. co-geometric progression (A. G.P.).
1· 2 · 3 2 · 3 · 4 3 · 4 · 5 Note that each term of the A.G.P. is the product of
1 1 ⎡ ( n + 2) − n ⎤ the corresponding terms of the A.P. a, a + d, a + 2d, …
Then, tn = = and the G.P. 1, r, r2, … . The nth term of the A.G.P. is
n ( n + 1) ( n + 2) 2 ⎢⎣ n ( n + 1) ( n + 2) ⎥⎦
[a + (n – 1)d]rn – 1.
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ Sum to n terms of A.G.P.
= ⎢ − ⎥ Let Sn = a + (a + d)r + (a + 2d) r2 + …
2 ⎣ n ( n + 1) | n + 1) ( n + 2) ⎦

1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ ( ) ( )
+ a + n − 2 d r n − 2 + a + n − 1d r n − 1 (1)
We easily get Sn = ⎢ − ⎥
2 ⎣1· 2 ( n + 1) ( n + 2) ⎦ ⇒ rSn = ar + (a + d) r2 + … + | a + n −1 d ) r n (2)
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
116. Sum to n terms of the series

1+
1
+
1
+ .... is
(
(1 – r) Sn = a + dr + dr2 + … + drn – 1 – a + n − 1 d r n )
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
= a + ( dr + dr 2 + ... + to n − 1 terms) − ( a + n − 1 d ) r n
n 2n dr (1 − r n −1 )
(A) (B) = a+ − | a + n −1 d) rn
n +1 n +1 1− r
a dr (1 − r n − 1 ) ( a + n − 1 d ) r n
(C)
n
(D) None of these \ Sn = + −
n −1 1− r (1 − r ) 2 1− r

117. Sum to infinite terms of the series a dr

\ Sum to infinite terms = S = lim Sn = + ,
where | r | < 1. n→∞ 1 − r (1 − r ) 2
1 1
1+ + + .... is
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
(A) 1 (B) 2 120. The sum to infinity of the series
(C) 4 (D) None of these 3 5 7
1+ + + + ... is
1 1 1 2 2 2 23
118. Sum to n terms of the series + + + .... is
1· 3 3 · 5 5 · 7 (A) 4 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) None of these
n n
(A) (B) 121. If the sum to infinity of the series
2n + 1 2n − 1
49
n −1 3 + 5r + 7r2 + … is , then r is equal to
(C) (D) None of these 9
2n + 1
 124. The sequence {S2n} is
1 1
(A) (B) (A) increasing (B) decreasing
4 3
(C) non-monotonic (D) unbounded
1
(C) (D) None of these 125. The sequence {S2n + 1} is
2
(A) increasing (B) decreasing
122. If the sum to infinity of the series (C) non-monotonic (D) unbounded
1 1 44
3 + (3 + d ) + (3 + 2d ) 2 + ... is , then d = 126. S2n + 1 – S2n must be equal to
4 4 9
2 n −1 2 n −1
⎛ 1⎞
(A) 1 (B) 2 (A) ⎜ ⎟ (B) ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ ( S1 − S2 )
(C) 4 (D) None of these ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
2 n −1
123. 31/3 · 91/9 · 271/27 · 811/81… upto ∞ =
(C) ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ ( S2 − S1 ) (D) Zero
(A) 27 (B) 3 27 ⎝ 2⎠
4
(C) 27 (D) None of these 127. If S1 > S2, then lim Sn must be equal to
n→∞
Passage 3 (A) S1 – S2 (B) S1 + 2S2
We know that arithmetic mean of the positive numbers lie S1 + 2S2
1 (C) (D) None of these
between them. Suppose, S1 >S2 > 0 and Sn + 1 = ( Sn + Sn −1 ) 3
2
We can easily conclude that S3 lies between S2 and S1 and
we can write S2 < S3 < S1.

Match the Column Type

128.
Column-I Column-II
I. Let Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an A.P. whose first term is a. (A) 29
If the common difference d = Sn – k Sn–1 + Sn – 2, then k =
II. The minimum number of terms from the beginning of the series (B) 4
2 1
20 + 22 + 25 + …, so that the sum may exceed 1568, is
3 3

a
III. If 51 + x + 51 – x, and 25x + 25–x are three consecutive terms of an (C) 2
2
A.P., then a ≥ k, where k =
IV. If log 2 a + log 2 a + log2 a + log2 a + … upto 20 terms is 840,
1/2 1/4 1/6 18
/ (D) 12
then a is equal to…

129.
Column-I Column-II
2
I. If the first term of an infinite G.P. is 1 and each term is twice the sum (A)
of the suceeding terms, then the common ratio is 9
2 5 2 11 3
II. Sum to infinity of the series − + − + ... is (B)
3 6 3 24 2
 III. lim (1 + 3−1 ) (1 + 3−2 ) (1 + 3−4 ) (1 + 3−8 ) ... (1 + 3−2 ) =
n

(C) 1
n→∞

n ⎛ k ⎞ 1
IV. If ∑ ⎜ ∑ m2 ⎟ = an4 + bn3 + cn2 + dn + e, then a + b + c + d + e = (D)
k =1 ⎝ m = 1 ⎠ 3

130.
Column-I Column-II
I. If a, b, c are in A.P., b, c, d are in G.P. and c, d, e are in H.P., then (A) A.P.
a, c, e are in
II. If 2(y – a) is the H.M. between y – x, y – z then x – a, y – a, z – a (B) G.P.
are in
III. If three numbers are in H.P., then the numbers obtained by subtract- (C) H.P.
ing half of the middle number from each of them are in
IV. If a, b, c are in G.P., then the equations ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + (D) A.G.P.
d e f
2ex + f = 0 have a common root, if , and are in
a b c

Assertion-Reason Type
Instructions: In the following questions an Assertion (A) is Reason: H.M. > A.M. for unequal numbers
given followed by a Reason (R). Mark your responses from
134. Assertion: The sum of the series
the following options:
(A) Assertion(A) is True and Reason(R) is 1 2 3
+ + + ...
True; Reason(R) is a correct explanation for 1 + 12 + 14 1 + 22 + 24 1 + 32 + 34
Assertion(A) n( n + 1)
(B) Assertion(A) is True, Reason(R) is True; to n terms is
2( n2 + n + 1)
Reason(R) is not a correct explanation for
Assertion(A) Reason: The nth term of the above series is
(C) Assertion(A) is True, Reason(R) is False 1⎡ 1 1 ⎤
Tn = ⎢ − ⎥
(D) Assertion(A) is False, Reason(R) is True 2 ⎣1 + ( n − 1) n 1 + n ( n + 1) ⎦
1
131. Assertion: Between two numbers whose sum is, 2 135. Assertion: The value of x + y + z is 15 if a, x, y, z,
6
an even number of arithmetic means are inserted. 1 1 1 5
b are in A.P., while the value of + + is if
If the sum of these means exceeds their number by x y z 3
unity, then the number of means are 12 a, x, y, z, b are in H.P. The values of a and b are 9, 1
Reason: If a and b are two given numbers and A1, A2, respectively.
…, An are n arithmetic means between them, then Reason: The sum of n A.M.s between two quantities
a + b⎞ is equal to n times their single mean.
A1 + A2, …, An = n ⎛⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 136. Assertion: For every natural number
132. Assertion: If a, b, c are distinct positive real numbers 2n
and a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca is less than 1. n, (n !)3 < nn ⎛⎜ n + 1⎞⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
Reason: A.M. > G.M. for unequal numbers
Reason: A.M > G.M. for n distinct positive quantities
133. Assertion: If a, b, c, d ∈ R+ and a, b, c, d are in H.P.,
then b + c > a + d
Previous Year’s Questions

144. Let Tr be the r th term of an A.P. whose first term is

137. If 1, log3 (31− x + 2) , log3 (4 ⋅ 3x− l) are in AP, then a and common difference is d. If for some positive
x equals: [2002]
1 1
(A) log3 4 (B) l − log3 4 integers m, n, m ≠ n, Tm = and Tn = , then a − d,
equals n m [2004]
(C) 1 − log, 3 (D) log4 3
(A) 0 (B) 1
138. The value of 21/4⋅ 41/8⋅ 81/16 . . . ∞ is: [2002] 1 1 1
(C) (D) +
(A) 1 (B) 2 mn m n
(C) 3/2 (D) 4
145. The sum of the first n terms of the series 12 + 2 ⋅ 22
139. Fifth term of a GP is 2, then the product of its 9 terms
is : n( n +1) 2
[2002] + 32 + 2 ⋅ 42 + 52 + 2 ⋅ 62 + ... is when n is
2
(A) 256 (B) 512 even. When n is odd the sum is [2004]
(C) 1024 (D) None of these
3n( n + 1) n2 ( n + 1)
140. Let Tn denote the number of triangles which can be (A) (B)
2 2
formed using the vertices of a regular polygon of n 2
sides. If Tn+1 ⋅ = Tn = 21, then n equals : [2002] n( n +1) 2 ⎡ n( n + 1) ⎤
(C) (D) ⎢ ⎥
(A) 5 (B) 7 4 ⎣ 2 ⎦
(C) 6 (D) 4 ∞ ∞ ∞
146. If x = ∑ an , y= ∑ bn , z = ∑ cn where a, b, c are
1 1 1 n= 0 n= 0 n= 0
141. The sum of the series − + − ……… upto
1.2 2.3 3.4 in A.P. and |a| < 1, |b|< 1, |c|< 1, then x, y, z are in
∞ is equal to [2003] [2005]
(A) 2 loge 2 (B) log2 2 − 1 (A) G.P.
(B) A.P.
(C) loge 2 (D) loge ⎛ 4 ⎞ (C) Arithmetic − Geometric Progression
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
e (D) H.P.

142. If f : R → R satisfies f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y), for all x, y a1 + a2 + ...a p

147. Let a1, a2, a3, … be terms of an A.P. If = ≠
n a1 + a2 ... + aq
∈ R and f (1) = 7, then ∑ f (r ) is [2003] p
=
p 2
, p ≠ q, then
a6
equals [2006]
r =1 + + 2 a21
q
7n 7( n + 1)
(A) (B) 41 7
2 2 (A) (B)
11 2
7n( n + 1) 2 11
(C) 7n( n + 1) (D) (C) (D)
2 7 41
n
1 n
r tn 148. If a1, a2, … , an are in H.P., then the expression a1 a2 +
143. If Sn = ∑ nC and t n = ∑ nC , then
Sn
is equal to a2 a3 + … + an-1 an is equal to [2006]
r =0 r r =0 r
[2004] (A) n(a1− an) (B) (n − 1) (a1−an)
1 1 (C) na1an (D) (n − 1)a1an
(A) n (B) n −1
2 2 149. In a geometric progression consisting of positive
terms, each term equals the sum of the next two terms.
2n − 1
(C) n − 1 (D) Then the common ratio of this progression equals
2 [2007]
 (C) Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is true; statement
1 1
(A) (1 − 5 ) (B) 5 2 is not a correct explanation for statement 1
2 2 (D) Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
1 156. If 100 times the 100th term of an Arithmetic
(C) 5 (D) ( 5 − 1)
2 Progression with non zero common difference equals
150. If p and q are positive real numbers such that p2 + q2 the 50 times its 50th term, then the 150th term of this
= 1, then the maximum value of (p + q) is [2007] A.P. is [2012]
(A) 2 (B) 1/2 (A) –150
1 (B) 150 times its 50th term
(C) (D) 2 (C) 150
2
(D) zero
151. The first two terms of a geometric progression add
157. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77,
up to 12. The sum of the third and the fourth terms
0.777, . . . is [2013]
is 48. If the terms of the geometric progression are
alternately positive and negative, then the first term is
[2008]
(A)
7
9
(
99 − 10 −20 ) (B)
7
81
(179 + 10 −20 )
(A) −4 (B) −12
(C) 12 (D) 4 (C)
7
9
(
99 + 10 −20 ) (D)
7
81
(179 − 10 −20 )
152. The sum to the infinity of the series
158. Let a and b be the roots of equation
2 6 10 14
1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 + ....... is [2009] px 2 + qx + r − 0, p ≠ 0 . If p, q, r are in A.P. and
3 3 3 3
1 1
(A) 2 (B) 3 + = 4 , then the value of a − b is [2014]
(C) 4 (D) 6
a b

153. A person is to count 4500 currency notes. Let an 61 2 17

(A) (B)
denote the number of notes he counts in the nth min- 9 9
ute. If a1 = a2 = ...... = a10 = 150 and a10, a11 . . . are in 34 2 13
A.P. with common difference −2, then the time taken (C) (D)
9 9
by him to count all notes is [2010]
(A) 34 minutes (B) 125 minutes 159. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If
(C) 135 minutes (D) 24 minutes the middle term in this G.P. is doubled, the new num-
bers are in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is
154. A man saves Rs. 200 in each of the first three months [2014]
of his service. In each of the subsequent months his (A) 2 + 3 (B) 3 + 2
saving increases by Rs. 40 more than the saving of
(C) 2 − 3 (D) 2 + 3
immediate preceding month. His total saving from
the start of service will be Rs. 11040 after [2011] 160. If (10)9 + 2(11)1 (10)8 + 3(11) 2 (10)7 + ..... + 10(11)9,
(A) 19 months (B) 20 months
(C) 21 months (D) 18 months = k(10)9 then k is equal to [2014]
121 441
155. Statement 1: The sum of the series 1 + (1 + 2 + 4) + (A) (B)
(4 + 6 + 9) + (9 + 12 + 16) + ...... + (361 + 380 + 400) 10 100
is 8000. (C) 100 (D) 110
n
Statement 2: ∑ ( k 3 = ( k − 1)3 ) = n3 for any natural 161. The sum of first 9 terms of the series
k =1 3 3 3 3 3 3
number n. [2012] 1 1 +2 1 +2 +3
+ + + ...... is: [2015]
1 1+ 3 1+ 3 + 5
(A) Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
(B) Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is true; state- (A) 96 (B) 142
ment 2 is a correct explanation for statement 1 (C) 192 (D) 71
162. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are 163. If the sum of the first terms of the series
in G.P., then the common ratio of this G.P. is 2 2 2 2
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 4⎞ 16
[2016] ⎜⎝1 ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ + 4 + ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ +…, is m,
5 5 5 5 5
7 8 then m is equal to [2016]
(A) (B)
4 5 (A) 99 (B) 102
4 (C) 101 (D) 100
(C) (D) 1
3

ANSWER KEYS

Single Option Correct Type

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (B)
11. (A) 12. (D) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19. (A) 20. (C)
21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (C) 25. (C) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (A, B) 29. (B) 30. (B)
31. (B) 32. (B) 33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (D) 36. (A) 37. (B) 38. (C) 39. (B) 40. (D)
41. (A) 42. (B) 43. (D) 44. (B) 45. (C) 46. (B) 47. (B) 48. (C) 49. (D) 50. (C)
51. (C) 52. (A) 53. (A) 54. (A) 55. (C) 56. (A) 57. (D) 58. (C) 59. (C) 60. (C)
61. (A) 62. (B) 63. (B) 64. (A) 65. (D) 66. (B) 67. (A) 68. (B) 69. (C) 70. (D)
71. (D) 72. (C) 73. (C) 74. (A) 75. (A) 76. (B) 77. (C) 78. (C) 79. (C) 80. (C)
81. (B) 82. (A) 83. (B) 84. (C) 85. (B) 86. (A) 87. (A) 88. (B) 89. (D) 90. (C)
91. (A) 92. (B) 93. (C) 94. (B) 95. (D) 96. (C) 97. (B) 98. (C) 99. (B) 100. (C)
101. (A) 102. (B) 103. (A) 104. (C)

More than One Option Correct Type

105. (C, D) 106. (B, D) 107. (A, D) 108. (A, B, C) 109. (A, B)
110. (B, C) 111. (A, B) 112. (A, C, D) 113. (B, C, D) 114. (A, B, C, D)
115. (A, B, C, D)

Passage Based Questions

116. (B) 117. (B) 118. (A) 119. (C) 120. (B) 121. (A) 122. (B) 123. (C) 124. (A) 125. (B)
126. (B) 127. (C)

Match the Column Type

128. I → (C), II → (A), III → (D), IV → (B) 129. I → (D), II → (A), III → (B), IV → (C)
130. I → (B), II → (B), III → (B), IV → (A)

Assertion-Reason Type
131. (A) 132. (A) 133. (A) 134. (A) 135. (A) 136. (A)

Previous Year’s Questions

137. (B) 138. (B) 139. (B) 140. (B) 141. (D) 142. (D) 143. (A) 144. (A) 145. (D) 146. (D)
147. (D) 148. (D) 149. (D) 150. (D) 151. (B) 152. (B) 153. (A) 154. (C) 155. (B) 156. (D)
157. (B) 158. (D) 159. (D) 160. (C) 161. (A) 162. (C) 163. (C)
 HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

Single Option Correct Type

1. Given a + c = 2b
⎡ 9⎤
a+b+c ⇒ r ∉ ⎢1, ⎥
Also, ≥ 3 abc = 3 64 = 4 ⎣ 5⎦
3
The correct option is (D)
3b
⇒ ≥4 1 2 3
3 6. Sn = (9) + (99) + (999) + …
9 9 9
⇒ b≥4
1 1
\ Minimum b=4 = [10 + 2.10 + 3.103 + …] – [1 + 2 + 3 + …]
2
9 9
The correct option is (B)
2. Let sides of triangle be a, ar, ar2. 1 1 n( n + 1)
= S−
Since r > 1, \ ar2 is greatest side 9 9 2
\ a + ar > ar2 ⇒ r2 – r – 1 < 0 S = 10 + 2.102 + 3.103 + … + n 10n
⇒ 10S = 102 + 2.103 + … + (n – 1)10n + n.10n+1
1− 5 1+ 5
⇒ <r< ⇒ 1 < r < 1+ 5 –9S = (10 + 102 + 103 + … + 10n) – n.10n+1
2 2 2 n +1
\ (r) = 1. ⇒ S = n 10 n +1 − 10 − 1
9 81
Also, – 1 + 5 < – r < –1 n +1
2 \ Sn = n 10 n +1 − 10 − 1 − 1 n( n + 1)
\ (– r) = –2 81 9.81 9 2
\ (r) + (–r) = 1 – 2 = –1 n +1

The correct option is (C) ⇒ 9.Sn = (9n − 1)10 + 1 − n( n + 1)

81 81 2
21 10 n
3. ∑ a j = 693 = 21
2
(a1 + a21) \ 9(Sn – Sn–1) =
81
[10(9n – 1) – (9n – 10)]– n
j =1
= n (10n – 1)
\ a1 + a21 = 66 The correct option is (C)
693
Now, a11 = A.M. = = 33
21
Also, a2 + a20 = a3 + a19 = … = a9 + a13 = a10 + a12 7. log 5
x + log5 x + log5 x + … upto 7 terms
1/3 1/4

10
log x log x log x
\ ∑ a2i +1 = 5 × (a1 + a21) + a11 =
log 5
+
log 51/3
+
log 51/4
+ … upto 7 terms
i=0
= 5 × 66 + 33 = 363 log x
= [2 + 3 + 4 + … + 8]
The correct option is (C) log 5
4. Let a, ar, ar2 be any three consecutive terms, then according log x ⎡ 7 ⎤ log x
to the given condition, a, 2ar, ar2 are in A.P. = ( 2 + 8) ⎥ = (35) = 35 (given)
log 5 ⎢⎣ 2 ⎦ log 5
i.e. 4ar = a + ar2
or r=2± 3 log x
\ =1
Since, given G.P. is increasing, r = 2 + . 3 Hence, there is log 5
only one such G.P. ⇒ log x = log 5
The correct option is (B) ⇒ x=5
5. Given a1 > 0 and a1, a2, a3 are in G.P. The correct option is (A)
such that a2 = a1r and a3 = a1r2 ∞
1
\ 9a1 + 5a3 > 14a2 8. Given a = ∑ x n −1 = 1 + x + x2 + … =
1− x
⇒ 9a1 + 5a1r2 > 14a1r n =1

and since a1 > 0, we get 9 + 5r2 > 14r a −1

2
⇒ x=
⇒ 5r – 14r + 9 > 0 ⇒ (5r – 9) (r – 1) > 0 a
 b −1 ∞ 11. a + b + c = xb
Similarly y =
b
\ ∑ ( xy)n−1 = 1 + (xy) + (xy)2 + … Divide by b,
n =1
a c
1 +1+ =x
1 b b
= = ⎛ a − 1⎞ ⎛ b − 1⎞ 1
1 − xy 1− ⎜
⎝ a ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ b ⎟⎠ ⇒
r
+ 1 + r = x, r is the common ratio of the G.P.
2
ab ab ⇒ r + r (1 – x) + 1 = 0. Since r is real, therefore discrimi-
= = nent > 0
ab − ( ab − ( a + b) + 1) a + b −1
⇒ (1 – x)2 – 4 > 0 ⇒ x2 – 2x + 1 – 4 > 0
The correct option is (D) ⇒ x2 – 2x – 3 > 0 ⇒ (x + 1) (x – 3) > 0
⇒ x < –1 or x > 3
9. 27pqr ≥ (p + q + r)3
The correct option is (A)
p +q +r
⇒ (pqr)1/3 ≥ ⇒p=q=r 12. Given:
100
[2a + 99d] = x
3 2
Also, 3p + 4q + 5r = 12 100
and [2(a + 2d) + 99d] = y
⇒ p=q=r=1 2
The correct option is (A) On subtraction, 200d = y – x
y−x
10. Let Tn be the nth term of the series ⇒d=
200
1 2 3 The correct option is (D)
+ + +…
1 + 12 + 14 1 + 22 + 24 1 + 32 + 34 1 1 1 1
13. Given: … + + + =λ
14 24 34 44
n n ∞
Then, Tn = = 1 1 1 1
2
1+ n + n 4
(1 + n ) − n2
2 2
\ ∑ ( 2i − 1)4 =
1 4
+
3 4
+
54
+ ...
i =1
n 1 1 1 1 ⎡1 1 ⎤
= = + + + + ... ∞ − ⎢ 4 + 4 + ... ∞ ⎥
( n2 + n + 1) ( n2 − n + 1) 14 24 34 44 ⎣2 4 ⎦
1⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1 ⎡1 1 1 ⎤
= − 2 = λ− + 4 + 4 + ... ∞ ⎥
2 n − n + 1 n + n + 1⎟⎠
⎜
⎝ 2 4 ⎢ 4
2 ⎣1 2 3 ⎦
1 15
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ =λ– λ= λ
= ⎢ − ⎥ 16 16
2 ⎣1 + ( n − 1)n 1 + n( n + 1) ⎦
The correct option is (D)
Now
14. Let A = 1.2 + 1.3 + … + 2.3 + 2.4 + … + (n – 1) · n
n
1 ⎡1 1 ⎤ 1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ Now, (1 + 2 + 3 + … + n)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + … + n2) = 2A
∑ Tr = 2 ⎢⎣1 − 1 + 1.2 ⎥⎦ + 2 ⎢⎣1 + 1.2 − 1 + 2.3 ⎥⎦
r =1
1 ⎡ n2 ( n + 1) 2 n( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) ⎤
⇒ A= ⎢ − ⎥
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ 2 ⎢⎣ 4 6 ⎥⎦
+ − +…
2 ⎢⎣1 + 2.3 1 + 3.4 ⎥⎦
1
[(Sn)2 – Sn2]
=
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ 2
+ ⎢ − ⎥
2 ⎣1 + ( n − 1)n 1 + n( n + 1) ⎦ The correct option is (D)

15. A.M. ≥ G.M.

1⎡ 1 ⎤
= ⎢1 − ⎥ ⎛ x π⎞
2 ⎣ 1 + n( n + 1) ⎦ 23 sin x/8 + 23 cos x/8 3 2 cos ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 8 4⎠
⇒ ≥ 2
2
n( n + 1)
= . ⎛ x π⎞
2( n2 + n + 1) 3 2 cos ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 8 4⎠
Now maximum of 2 = 23 2 .1
= 23/ 2

1 3
Trick: Checking for n = 1, 2. S1 = and S2 = which are x x ⎛ 3 ⎞
+1⎟
3 7 sin cos ⎜
given by (b). So, A.M. ≥ 23/ 2
⇒ 8 8 +8 8 ≥ 2⎝ 2 ⎠

The correct option is (B)

The correct option is (B)
16. log 2 a + log 2 a + log2 a + log 2 a + …
1/2 1/4 1/6 18
/ (1) and (2)
= 2 log2 a + 4 log2 a + 6 log2 a + … + 40 log2 a 2
= 1 + ⎛⎜1 − 1 ⎞⎟ + ⎛⎜1 − 1 ⎞⎟ + … ∞
S
⇒
= log2 a [2 + 4 + 6 + … + 40] n ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠
20
= (2 + 40) log2 a 1
2
= ⎛ 1⎞ = n
= 420 log2 a = 840 (Given) 1 − ⎜1 − ⎟
⎝ n⎠
⇒ log2 a = 2 ⇒ a = 4
The correct option is (C) ⇒ S = n2
The correct option is (C)
17. If tr denotes the rth term of the series, then
21. In this type of A.P. it can be easily shown that exactly one out
x of any 3 consecutive terms will be multiple of 3. So at most
x tr =
(1 + rx ) (1 + ( r + 1) x ) 3 consecutive terms can be prime numbers.
1 1 The correct option is (B)
= − 22. The coefficient of x49 = – [1 + 3 + 5 + … + 99]
1 + rx 1 + ( r + 1) x
= – 2500
n n
⎡ 1 1 ⎤ The correct option is (C)
⇒ x ∑ tr = ∑ ⎢1 + rx − 1 + ( r + 1) x ⎥
r =1 r =1 ⎣ ⎦ 23. A.M. ≥ G.M.
1/3
1 1 ⎛ x y z⎞ ⎛ ⎞
= − ⇒ ⎜ + + ⎟ 3 ≥ x⋅ y⋅z
1 + x 1 + ( n + 1) x ⎝ y z x⎠ ⎜⎝ y z x ⎟⎠
nx
= ⎛ x y z⎞
(1 + x ) (1 + ( n + 1) x ) ⇒ ⎜ + + ⎟ ≥3
⎝ y z x⎠
n
n The correct option is (B)
⇒ ∑ tr =
(1 + x ) [1 + ( n + 1) x ]
r =1 24. Let the G.P. be a – ar + ar2 – ar3 + … with common ratio
The correct option is (B) =–r
18. Since a and b are unequal, By the given condition
2
a2 + b2 > a 2b 2 [A.M. > G.M. for unequal numbers] a = ar − ar ⇒ 2a = ar2 – ar
2 2
⇒ a2 + b2 > 2ab ⇒ 2=r –r 2

Similarly, b2 + c2 > 2bc and c2 + a2 > 2ca ⇒ r2 – r – 2 = 0

Hence, 2 (a + b2 + c2) > 2 (ab + bc + ca)
2
⇒ (r – 2) (r + 1) = 0
⇒ ab + bc + ca < 1 ⇒ r = 2, –1
The correct option is (A) \ Common ratio = –2 or 1
n Hence, common ratio = –2 (Q common ratio is –ve)
19. The given series = ∑ ( n − 2r ) 2 The correct option is (C)
r =1

n 1 1 1 A −1
25. A = ⇒ 1 − ra = ⇒ ra = 1 − =
= ∑ ( n2 − 4nr + 4r 2 ) 1− r a
A 4 A
1

n ( n + 1) n 1 1 1 B −1
= n · n2 – 4n · + 4 · (n + 1) (2n + 1) B= ⇒ 1 − rb = ⇒ rb = 1 − =
2 6 1 − rb B B B
n 2 ⎛ A −1 ⎞ ⎛ B −1 ⎞
=
(n + 2) \ a log r = log ⎜ and b log r = log ⎜
3 ⎟ ⎟
⎝ A ⎠ ⎝ B ⎠
The correct option is (A)
⎛ A −1 ⎞
2 log ⎜ ⎟
20. Let S = 1 + 2 ⎛⎜1 − 1 ⎞⎟ + 3 ⎛⎜1 − 1 ⎞⎟ +… (1) \
a
=
⎝ A ⎠ ⎛ A −1 ⎞
= log B −1 ⎜ .
⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠ b ⎛ B −1 ⎞ B ⎝
A ⎟⎠
log ⎜ ⎟
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎝ B ⎠
\ ⎜1 − ⎟ S = ⎛⎜1 − 1 ⎞⎟ + 2 ⎛⎜1 − 1 ⎞⎟ + … (2)
⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠ The correct option is (C)
26. If tr be the rth term of the A.P., then 2
q2 – 4pr ≥ 0 ⇒ ⎛⎜ p + r ⎞⎟ − 4pr ≥ 0
tr = Sr – Sr–1 ⎝ 2 ⎠
= cr (r – 1) – c (r – 1) (r – 2)
p2 p
= c (r – 1) (r – r + 2) = 2c (r – 1) ⇒ p2 + r2 − 14pr ≥ 0 ⇒ − 14 +1≥0
2 r
r
We have, t12 + t 22 + … + tn2
2
⎛p ⎞ p
= 4c2[02 + 12 + 22 + … + (n – 1)2] ⇒ ⎜⎝ r − 7⎟⎠ − 48 ≥ 0 ⇒ −7 ≥ 4 3
r
( n − 1) n (2 n − 1) The correct option is (B)
= 4c2
6
1 5 19 65
30. + + + + … to n terms
2 2 3 9 27 81
= c n (n – 1) (2n – 1)
3 ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 4⎞ ⎛ 8 ⎞ ⎛ 16 ⎞
= ⎜1 − ⎟ + ⎜1 − ⎟ + ⎜1 − + 1− +…
27 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 81⎟⎠
The correct option is (B)
⎝ ⎠ ⎝
3 ⎠ ⎝ 9
n
27. Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] = pn2 (1)
2 ⎡ 2 ⎛ 2⎞ ⎤
2 2
=n– ⎢1 + + ⎜ ⎟ + ... to n terms ⎥
Sm =
m
[2a + (m – 1) d] = pm2 3 ⎢⎣ 3 ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎦⎥
2
n
⎛ 2⎞
1− ⎜ ⎟
⇒
2a + ( n − 1) d
=
n
=n– · 2 ⎝ 3 ⎠ = n – 2 (3n – 2n)
2a + ( m − 1) d m 3 1− 2 3n
3
⇒ 2am + (n – 1) md = 2an + n (m – 1) d
The correct option is (B)
⇒ 2a (m – n) + d (mn – m – nm + n) = 0
⇒ 2a (m – n) + d (n – m) = 0 ( r − 1)! r!
⇒ 2a – d = 0 31. We have, tr = and tr+1 =
( r + 4)! ( r + 5)!
\ d = 2a
r! r!
\ (1) gives, 2a + (n – 1) 2a = 2pn Now, rtr – (r + 5)tr+1 = – =0
( r + 4)! ( r + 4)!
⇒ 2an = 2pn ⇒ a = p \ d = 2p
p ⇒ rtr – (r + 1)tr+1 = 4tr+1
Now, Sp = · [2a + (p – 1) d]
2 n −1 n −1
⇒ 4 ∑ t r +1 = ∑ [rtr − ( r + 1) tr +1]
p r =1
= · [2p + (p – 1) 2p] r =1
2 ⇒ 4(t2 + t3 + … + tn) = 1t1 − ntn
p
= · [2p + 2p2 – 2p] ⎛ 0 !⎞ n( n − 1)!
⇒ 4 (t1 + t2 + … + tn) = 5t1 − ntn = 5 ⎜ −
5!⎟⎠ ( n + 4)!
2
⎝
p . 2 3
= n 2p = p
2 1 n!
= −
The correct option is (C)
4 ! ( n + 4)!

28. We have, b3 > 4b2 – 3b1 1⎡1 n! ⎤

⇒ t1 + t2 + … + tn = −
⇒ b1r2 > 4b1r – 3b1 4 ⎢⎣ 4 ! ( n + 4)! ⎥⎦
⇒ r2 > 4r – 3 (Q b1 > 0)
The correct option is (B)
⇒ r2 – 4r + 3 > 0 ⇒ (r – 3) (r – 1) > 0
⇒ r > 3 or r < 1 32. We have, (a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2p(ab + bc + cd) +
The correct option is (A, B) (b2 + c2 + d2) ≤ 0
29. Since p, q, r are in A.P. so 2q = p + r . The roots of the equa- ⇒ (ap – b)2 + (bp – c)2 + (cp – d)2 ≤ 0
tion px2 + qx + r = 0 are real if and only if Therefore,
 ap − b = 0 bp − c = 0 cp − d = 0 1 2 1 1 1
⇒ ⇒ = ⎛⎜ 1 − d 2 ⎞⎟ ⇒ − d 2 = ± ⇒ d = ± .
b = ap ⇒ c = bp ⇒ d = cp 16 ⎝ 4 ⎠ 4 4 2
1
b c d \ d= (Q d > 0)
⇒ = = =p 2
a b c
1 1
\ a, b, c, d are in G.P. \ a=b–d= −
2 2
The correct option is (B)

33. Taking A.M. and G.M. of 7 numbers The correct option is (D)
36. As a1, a2, a3, … an–1, an are in A.P.,
a a b b b c c d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = … = an − an–1
, , , , , , , we get
2 2 3 3 3 2 2 sin d [sec a1 sec a2 + sec a2 sec a3 + .. + sec an–1 sec an]
1
2⋅
a b
+ 3⋅ + 2 ⋅
c sin (a2 − a1 ) sin (a3 − a2 ) sin (an − an −1 )
⎡⎛ a ⎞ 2 ⎛ b ⎞ 3 ⎛ c ⎞ 2 ⎤ 7 = + + .. +
2 3 2 ≥ ⎢ cos a1 cos a2 cos a2 cos a3 cos an −1 cos an
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
7 ⎢⎣⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦
= (tan a2 – tan a1) + (tan a3 – tan a2)
1 + … + (tan an – tan an–1)
3 ⎛ a2b 3c 2 ⎞ 7 37 a2b 3c 2 = tan an – tan a1
⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥
7 ⎜⎝ 22 3322 ⎟⎠ 77 22 ⋅ 33 ⋅ 22 The correct option is (A)
n 2S
2 3 2 310 ⋅ 2 4 37. We have, S = (a + l) ⇒ =n (1)
⇒ a b c ≤ 2 a+l
7
7
l−a
310 ⋅ 2 4 Also, l = a + (n – 1) d ⇒ d =
\ greatest value of a2 b3 c2 = . n −1
77
The correct option is (A) l −a
= 2S [Using (1)]
34. Expanding along R3, we get −1
a+l
b aa − b a aa − b
2 − +0=0 l 2 − a2
c ba − c b ba − c =
2S − ( l + a)
⇒ 2 (b2a − bc − aca + bc) − (aba − ac − aba + b2) = 0 \ k = 2S.
⇒ 2a (b2 − ac) − (b2 − ac) = 0 The correct option is (B)
or (b2 − ac) (2a − 1) = 0 38. As a, b, c, d are in G.P., therefore
or b2 − ac = 0 [Q (2a – 1) ≠ 0] b c d
= = = r (say)
\ b2 = ac a b c
\ a, b, c are in G.P.
⇒ b = ar, c = br = ar ⋅ r = ar2,
The correct option is (B)
d = cr = ar2 ⋅ r = ar3. (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d 2)
35. Let a = b – d and c = b + d, = (a2 + a2 r2 + a2 r4) (a2 r2 + a2 r4 + a2 r6)
3 1 = a4 r2 (1 + r2 + r4) (1 + r2 + r4)
then a + b + c = ⇒b= .
2 2 = (a2 r + a2 r3 + a2 r5)2
1 1 1 = (a ⋅ ar + ar ⋅ ar2 + ar2 ⋅ ar3)2
Therefore, the number are −d, , +d
2 2 2 = (ab + bc + cd)2.
(d > 0 as a < b < c) The correct option is (C)

Now a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. ⇒ (b2)2 = a2c2 39. Let the two numbers be a and b,then

⎛ 1⎞
4 2 2 G = ab or G2 = ab
⇒ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎛⎜ 1 − d ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ 1 + d ⎞⎟ Also, p and q are two A.M.s between a and b.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
\ a, p, q, b are in A.P.
 \ p – a = q – p and q – p = b – q
1 3 7 15
\ a = 2p – q and b = 2q – p 45. Sn = + + + + … upto n terms
2 4 8 16
\ G2 = ab = (2p – q) (2q – p).
The correct option is (B)
⇒ Sn = ⎛⎜1 − ⎞⎟ + ⎛⎜1 − ⎞⎟ + ⎛⎜1 − ⎞⎟ + ...
1 1 1
40. Given x1 · x2 …xn = 1 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 8⎠
Since A.M. ≥ G.M. 1⎛ 1⎞
⎛ x + x 2 + ... + x n ⎞ ⎛1 1 1 ⎞ ⎜⎝1 − n ⎟⎠
= n − ⎜ + + + …⎟ = n − 2 2
\ ⎜ 1 1/2 1/n
⎟⎠ ≥ (x1 · x2 …xn) = (1) = 1 ⎝2 4 8 ⎠
⎝ n 1
1−
⇒ x1 + x2 + … + xn ≥ n. 2
1 –n
Hence x1 + x2 + … + xn can never be less than n. = n −1+ n = n + 2 – 1
2
The correct option is (D)
The correct option is (C)
41. Total savings = 200 + 200 + 200 + 240 + 280 + … to n
46. Let a, ar, ar2, …
months = 11040
a + ar = 12 (1)
n−2 ar + ar3 = 48
2
⇒ 400 + ( 400 + ( n − 3) ⋅ 40) = 11040 (2)
2
dividing Eq. (2) by (1), we have
⇒ (n – 2)(140 + 20n) = 10640
⇒ 20n2 + 100n – 280 = 10640 ar 2 (1 + r )
=4
⇒ n2 + 5n – 546 = 0 a( r + 1)
⇒ (n – 21)(n + 26) = 0 ⇒ r2 = 4 if r ≠ –1
⇒ n = 21 as n ≠ –26 \ r = –2
The correct option is (A) Also, a = –12 [using (1)].
3 3
(( n − 1) − n ) The correct option is (B)
42. Tn = (n – 1)2 + (n – 1)n + n2 =
( n − 1) − n 2 6 10 14
47. Let S = 1+ + + + + ... (1)
3
= n – (n – 1) 3
3 32 33 34
T1 = 13 – 03 1 1 2 6 10
T2 = 23 – 13 S = + + 3 + 4 + ... (2)
3 3 32
3 3
M From (1) and (2),
T20 = 203 – 193
S20 = 203 – 03 = 8000 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 4 4 4
The correct option is (B) S ⎜1 − ⎟ = 1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 + ...
⎝ 3⎠ 3 3 3 3
43. 100(a + 99d) = 50(a + 49d)
2a + 198d = a + 49d 2 4 4 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
S = + 1 + + 2 + ...⎟
a + 149d = 0 3 3 32 ⎜⎝ 3 3 ⎠
T150 = a + 149d = 0 4 4 ⎛ 1 ⎞
2 +
The correct option is (D) ⇒ S = 3 32 ⎜ 1⎟
3 ⎜⎝ 1 − ⎟⎠
3
n
sn 3n + 8 ( 2a + ( n − 1)d ) 3n + 8 4 4 3 4 2 6
44. = ⇒ 2 = = + = + =
sn′ 7n + 15 n 7n + 15 3 32 2 3 3 2
( 2a′ + ( n − 1)d ′ )
2 2 6
⇒ S =
⎛ n − 1⎞ 3 3
a+⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
d
3n + 8 a + 11d 3( 23) + 8
⇒ = = = ⇒ S=3
⎛ n − 1⎞ 7n + 15 a′ + 11d ′ 7( 23) + 15
a′ + ⎜ d′ The correct option is (B)
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
3
77 7 48. Here, a = 10, d = – .
= = 7
176 16
Then,
⎛ 3⎞
tn = 10 +(n – 1) . ⎜ − ⎟
The correct option is (B) ⎝ ⎠ 7
 ⎛ 3⎞ 1
tn is positive if 10 + (n – 1) ⎜ − ⎟ ≥ 0; = 1 and d = 1.
Solving (1) and (2), we get
⎝ ⎠ 7 a
1 1 1 1 1
or, 70 – 3 (n – 1) ≥ 0 or 73 ≥ 3n; or 24 ≥n \ = 1, = 2, = 3 and = 4.
3 a b γ δ
\ First 24 terms are positive.
\ Sum of the positive terms 1 1
Since, = A ⇒ A = 3. Also, = B ⇒ B = 8.
aγ bδ
24 ⎡ −3 ⎤
= S24 = 2 × 10 + 23 × ⎥
2 ⎢⎣ 7⎦ The correct option is (C)

69 ⎤ = 852 . 52. We have, S1 = (n/2) [2 ⋅ 1 + (n – 1) ⋅ 1]

= 12 ⎡ 20 −
⎢ 7 ⎥⎦ 7 S2 = (n/2) [2 ⋅ 2 + (n – 1) ⋅ 2]
⎣
Sm = (n/2) [2 ⋅ m + (n – 1) ⋅ m]
The correct option is (C) \ S1 + S2 + … + Sm
49. We have, n ( n −1)
(1 – 1 + 2 – 2 + 3 – 3 + … + n – n)2 = n (1 + 2 + 3 + … + m) + × (1 + 2 + … + m)
2
= 12 + 12 + 22 + 22 + … + n2 + n2 + 25,
m ( m + 1) ⎡ n2 − n ⎤
where S is the required sum. = ⎢n + ⎥
2 ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
⇒ o = 2(12 + 22 + … + n2) + 2S
m ( m + 1) n ( n + 1) 1
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) = ⋅ = mn (m + 1) (n + 1).
⇒ S = – (12 + 22 + … + n2) = – 2 2 4
6
The correct option is (D) The correct option is (A)

53. For the positive numbers a, c we have harmonic mean H = b

kx
Skx [ 2a + ( kx − 1) d ] {Q a, b, c are in H.P.} and geometric mean G = ac .
50. We have, = 2 But G > H; \ ac > b. (1)
x
Sx
2
[ 2a + ( x − 1) d ] For the positive numbers an, cn, we have

k [( 2a − d ) + kxd ] geometric mean = an c n

=
( 2a − d ) + xd
arithmetic mean = a + c ;
n n

S 2
For kx to be independent of x, 2a – d = 0 or 2a = d.
Sx n n
Q A.M. > G.M., \ a + c > an c n (2)
The correct option is (C)
2
51. a, b, γ and are in H.P. From (1) and (2), we get
1 1 1 1 an + c n > ( ac)n > bn, \ an + cn > 2bn.
⇒ , , , are in A.P.
a b γ δ 2
Let d be the common difference of the A.P. The correct option is (A)
Since, a, γ are roots of Ax2 – 4x + 1 = 0
54. Let Sn = 1 ⋅ 1! + 2 ⋅ 2! + 3 ⋅ 3! + 4 ⋅ 4! + … + n ⋅ n!
a +γ 4/A 1 1 ⇒ Sn = (2 – 1) 1! + (3 – 1) 2! + (4 – 1) 3!
\ = = 4 or + =4
aγ 1/ A a γ + (5 – 1) 4! + … + [(n + 1) – 1] n!
= (2 ⋅ 1! – 1!) + (3 ⋅ 2! – 2!) + (4 ⋅ 3! – 3!)
1 1 1 + (5 ⋅ 4! – 4!) + … + [(n + 1) n! – n!]
⇒ + + 2d = 4 or + d = 2 (1)
a a a = (2! – 1!) + (3! – 2!) + (4! – 3!) + (5! – 4!)
Also, b, δ are roots of Bx2 – 6x + 1 = 0 + … + [(n + 1)! – n!]
b +δ 1 1 6/B 1 1 = (n + 1)! – 1! = (n + 1)! – 1
\ = + = = 6 or + d + + 3d = 6
bδ b δ 1/ B a a The correct option is (A)
1 55. Let R = 0 ⋅ cababab…
⇒ + 2d = 3 (2) ⇒ 102R = ca ⋅ bababa …
a
and, 104R = caba ⋅ baba …
 ⇒ (104 – 102) R = caba – ca
\ [r] = 1. Also, – 1 + 5 < – r < –1 \ [– r] = –2
caba − ca 1000c + 100a + 10b + a − 10c − a 2
⇒ R= =
9900 9900 [r] + [–r] = 1 – 2 = –1
The correct option is (C)
99c + 10a + b
= 1 2 3
990 60. Sn = (9) + (99) + (999) + …
9 9 9
The correct option is (C)
56. When n is odd, last term will be n2, \ then the sum is 1 1
= [10 + 2.102 + 3.103 + …] – [1 + 2 + 3 + …]
12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + … + 2 (n – 1)2 + n2 9 9
1 1 n( n + 1)
⎡ = S−
( n − 1) n2 n ( n + 1)2 ⎤ 9 9 2
= + n2 ⎢ Replacing n by n − 1 in ⎥
2 ⎢ 2 ⎥ S = 10 + 2.102 + 3.103 + … + n 10n
⎣ ⎦
⇒ 10S = 102 + 2.103 + … + (n – 1)10n + n.10n+1
n3 − n2 + 2n2 n3 + n 2 2
–9S = (10 + 102 + 103 + … + 10n) – n.10n+1
= = = n ( n + 1)
2 2 2 n+ 1
⇒ S = n 10 n +1 − 10 −1
The correct option is (A)
9 81
57. Let S = 1 + 2 . 2 + 3 . 22 + 4 . 23 + … + 100 . 299 n +1
− 1 1 ( n + 1)
\ Sn = n 10 n +1 − 10 −
\ 2S = 1 . 2 + 2 × 22 + 3 × 23 + … + 99 . 299 + 100 . 2100
81 9.81 9 2
Subtracting, we get
n +1
– S = 1 + 1 . 2 + 1 . 22 + … + 1 ⋅ 299 – 100 . 2100 ⇒ 9.Sn = (9n − 1)10 1 n( n + 1)
+ −
= (1 + 2 + 22 + … + 299) – 100 ⋅ 2100 81 81 2
n
100 \ 9(Sn – Sn–1) = 10 {10(9n – 1) – (9n – 10)}– n
= 1( 2 − 1) – 100 · 2100 = 2100 – 1 – 100 . 2100
2 −1 81
= n(10n – 1)
\ S = 100 . 2100 – 2100 + 1 = 99 . 2100 + 1.
The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (D)
61. a + b + c = xb
58. Let the number be a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d Divide by b,
where a, d ∈ Z and d > 0 a c
+1+ =x
Given: (a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = a + 2d b b
⇒ 2d2 – 2d + 3a2 – a = 0 1
⇒ + 1 + r = x, r is the common ratio of the G.P.
1⎡ r
\d= 1 ± (1 + 2a − 6 a 2 ) ⎤
2 ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⇒ r2 + r (1 – x) + 1 = 0. Since r is real, therefore, discrim-
inent > 0
Since d is positive integer, \ 1 + 2a – 6a2 > 0
⇒ (1 – x)2 – 4 > 0 ⇒ x2 – 2x + 1 – 4 > 0
⎛1− 7 ⎞ ⎛1+ 7 ⎞ ⇒ x2 – 2x – 3 > 0 ⇒ (x + 1) (x – 3) > 0
⇒ ⎜ ⎟ <a< ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠ ⇒ x < –1 or x > 3
Since a is an integer, The correct option is (A)
\ a = 0, 3

then d =
1
[1 ± 1] = 1 or 0. Since d > 0, \ d = 1.
62. ∑ ar ar +1 = a1a2 + a2a3 + a3a4 = 3a1a4
1
2
Hence, the numbers are – 1, 0, 1, 2. 1 1 1 1
Since a1, a2, a3, a4 are in H.P. , , , are in A.P.
The correct option is (C) a1 a2 a3 a4
1 1
59. Let sides of triangle be a, ar, ar2. − = d ⇒ a1 – a2 = da1a2 (1)
a2 a1
Since r > 1, \ ar2 is greatest side
Similarly, a2 – a3 = d a2a3 (2)
\ a + ar > ar2 ⇒ r2 – r – 1 < 0
a3 – a4 = d a3a4 (3)
1− 5 1+ 5 On adding (1), (2) and (3), we get
⇒ <r< ⇒ 1 < r < 1+ 5
2 2 a1 – a4 = d[a1a2 + a2a3 + a3a4]
2
 a − a4
\ a1a2 + a2a3 + a3a4 = 1 a
= 2 or
a
=
4
d b b 1
1 1 a −a The correct option is (D)
⇒ = + 3d ⇒ 1 4 = 3a1a4
a4 a1 d
⇒ a1a2 + a2a3 + a3a4 = 3a1a4 n 2S
66. We have, S = (a + l) ⇒ =n (1)
\ Given expression = 3. It is a root of x2 + 2x – 15 = 0 2 a+l
The correct option is (B) l−a
Also, l = a + (n – 1) d ⇒ d =
n −1
1 5 19 65 l−a
63. + + + + … to n terms = [Using (1)]
3 9 27 81 2S
−1
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 4⎞ ⎛ 8 ⎞ ⎛ 16 ⎞ a+l
= ⎜1 − ⎟ + ⎜1 − ⎟ + ⎜1 − + 1− +…
⎝ ⎠ ⎝
3 ⎠ ⎝ 9 27 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 81⎟⎠ =
l 2 − a2
2S − ( l + a)
2 ⎡ 2 ⎛ 2⎞ ⎤
2
=n– ⎢1 + + ⎜ ⎟ + ... to n terms ⎥ \ k = 2S
3 ⎢⎣ 3 ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎥⎦ The correct option is (B)

⎛ 2⎞
n 67. As a1, a2, a3, … an–1, an are in A.P.,
1− ⎜ ⎟ d = a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = … = an – an–1
2 ⎝ 3⎠
=n– · n = 2 n – (3n – 2n)
3 1− 2 sin d [sec a1 sec a2 + sec a2 sec a3 + .. + sec an–1 sec an]
3n
3 sin (a2 − a1 ) sin (a3 − a2 ) sin (an − an −1 )
The correct option is (B) = + + .. +
cos a1 ⋅ cos a2 cos a2 cos a3 cos an −1 cos an
64. Taking A.M. and G.M. of 7 numbers
= (tan a2 – tan a1) + (tan a3 – tan a2)
a a b b b c c + … + (tan an – tan an–1)
, , , , , , , we get
2 2 3 3 3 2 2 = tan an – tan a1
1 The correct option is (A)
2 ⋅ + 3 ⋅ + 2 ⋅ ≥ ⎧⎪⎛ a ⎞ ⎛ b ⎞ ⎛ c ⎞ ⎫⎪
a b c 2 3 2 7

2 3 2 ⎨ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ ( r − 1)! r!
7 ⎪⎩⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎪⎭ 68. We have, tr =
( r + 4)!
and tr+1 =
( r + 5)!
1
r! r!
3 ⎛ a 2b3c 2 ⎞ 7 37 2 3 2 Now, rtr – (r + 5)tr+1 = – =0
⇒ ≥ ⎜ 2 3 2⎟ ⇒ 7 ≥ a b c ( r + 4)! ( r + 4)!
7 ⎝2 3 2 ⎠ 7 22 ⋅ 33 ⋅ 22
⇒ rtr – (r + 1)tr+1 = 4tr+1
10 4
⇒ a b c ≤ 3 ⋅2
2 3 2 n −1 n −1
7 7
10 4
⇒4 ∑ t r +1 = ∑
r =1
[rt r − ( r + 1) t r +1 ]
r =1
\ greatest value of a2 b3 c2 = 3 ⋅ 2
7 7 ⇒ 4(t2 + t3 + … + tn) = 1t1 – ntn
The correct option is (A)
n( n − 1)
⇒ 4 (t1 + t2 + … + tn) = 5t1 – ntn = 5 ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ −
0!
2ab ⎝ 5!⎠ ( n + 4)
65. Harmonic mean of a, b is H =
a+b
Geometric mean G = ab = 1 − n!
H 4 4
4 ! ( n + 4)!
Given: = , so 2 ab =
G 5 a+b 5 1⎡1 n! ⎤
⇒ t1 + t2 + … + tn = −
a+b 5 4 ⎢⎣ 4! ( n + 4)! ⎥⎦
or, =
2 ab 4 The correct option is (B)
By componendo and dividendo
69. an = x1/2 + y1/2 and bn = x1/2 − y1/2
n n n n

( a + b )2 9 a+ b 3
= or =
( a − b )2 1 a− b 1
(
Now, anbn = x1/2 + y1/2 ) (x
n n
1/2n
− y1/2
n

)
3+12 a
= (x ) − ( y )
Again, by componendo and dividendo = 1/2n
2
1/2n
2
2 b 3 −1 ⇒ anbn
 n −1 n −1 n −1
⇒ anbn = x 1/2 − y 1/2 = bn–1 (1) < 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ... + 2
2 4 8 2n −1
Now, a1a2a3 … an
1+… +1
⎛ a a a ...a ⎞ =1+ = n.
= ⎜ 1 2 3 n ⎟ bn ( n + 1) times
⎝ bn ⎠ Thus, a (100) < 100
(a1a2 a3 ...an −1 ) (anbn ) 1 ⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
= Next, a (n) = 1 + + ⎜ + ⎟ + ⎜ + … + ⎟ + …
bn 2 ⎝ 3 4⎠ ⎝ 5 8⎠
1 1
a a a ...a b + + ... +
= 1 2 3 n −1 n −1 {using (1)} 2n −1 + 1 2n − 1
bn n −1
( a a a ...a ) ( an −1bn −1 ) > 1+ 1 + 2 + 4 +… + 2 − 1
= 1 2 3 n− 2 2 4 8 2n 2n
bn
1 1 1 1
+ + +… + 1
a a a ...a b =1+ 2 2 2 2 – n
= 1 2 3 n −1 n − 2   
n times
2
bn
⎛ 1⎞ n
……………… = ⎜1 − n ⎟ +
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
………………
Thus, a (200) > ⎛ 1 −
a1b1 b x −y 1 ⎞ 200 > 100.
= = 0 = ⎜⎝ 100 ⎟
⎠
+
bn bn bn 2 2
The correct option is (D)
The correct option is (C)

70. Since n is an odd integer (–1)n–1 = 1 and n – 1, 1 1 1

72. Let a = ,b= and γ = .
n – 3, n – 5 etc., are even integers. We have, a−d a a+d
n3 – (n – 1)3 + (n – 2)3 – (n – 3)3 + … + (–1)n–113 1 1 1 1
Then, ⋅ ⋅ =–
= n3 + (n – 1)3 + (n – 2)3 + … + 13 a−d a a+d 3
– 2[(n – 1)3 + (n – 3)3 + … + 23] 1 1 1 1 1 1
and, ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ =–1
= n + (n – 1) + (n – 2) + … + 13
3 3 3
a−d a a+d a a−d a+d
⎡⎛ n − 1⎞ 3 ⎛ n − 3 ⎞ 3 3
⎤ ⇒ (a – d) a (a + d) = – 3
– 2 × 2 ⎢⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ + ... + 1 ⎥
3
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ (a + d ) + (a − d ) + a
and, =–1
[Q n –1, n – 3 are even integers] (a − d ) a (a + d )
n( n + 1) ⎤
2
⎡ 1 ⎛ n − 1⎞ ⎛ n − 1 ⎞ ⎤
2 ⇒ 3a = 3 or a = 1 and (1 – d) (1 + d) = – 3
= ⎡
⎢ ⎥ − 16 ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎜ + 1⎟ ⎥ or, 1 – d2 = – 3 or d2 = 4 ⇒ d = ± 2.
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
1
When d = 2, a = – 1, b = 1, γ = .
2 2 3
1 2 ( n − 1) ( n + 1)
= n (n + 1)2 – 16
4 16 × 4 1
When d = – 2, a = , b = 1, γ = – 1.
3
1 1 4
= (n + 1)2 [n2 – (n – 1)2] = (n + 1)2(2n – 1). Therefore, | a – γ | =
4 4 3
The correct option is (D) The correct option is (C)

71. We have, x−a x−b b a

73. We have, + = +
1 1 1 1
b a x−a x−b
a (n) = 1 + + + + ... + n
x−a
2 3 4 (2 ) − 1 b a x−b
⇒ − = −
b x−a x−b a
⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
= 1+ ⎜ + ⎟ + ⎜ +… + ⎟ + ⎜ +… + ⎟
⎝ 2 3⎠ ⎝ 4 7⎠ ⎝ 8 15 ⎠ ( x − a) 2 − b 2 a 2 − ( x − b) 2
⇒ =
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ b ( x − a) ( x − b) a
+… + ⎜ n −1 + … + n −1 ⎟
⎝2 2 ⎠ (x − a − b ) (x − a + b ) ( x − b − a) ( x − b + a)
⇒ =–
b ( x − a) (x − b ) a
 ⇒ (x – a – b) [a (x – b) (x – a + b) + b (x – b + a) 76. We have, | ai | = | ai – 1 + 1 |
(x – a)] = 0
⇒ ai2 = ai2−1 + 2 ai −1 + 1
⇒ x (x – a – b) [(a + b) x – (a2 + b2)] = 0
2 2 Putting i = 1, 2, 3, …, n + 1, we get
⇒ x = 0, x = a + b or x = a + b . a12 = 0
a+b
2 2
a +b 2ab a22 = a12 + 2a1 + 1
Since =a+b– <a+b (Q a, b > 0)
a+b a+b
2 2 a32 = a22 + 2a2 + 1
we take x1 = a + b, x2 = a + b and x3 = 0.
a+b M M M
2 2
Since x1 – x2 – x3 = c, we get a + b – a + b = c an2 = an−1
2 + 2an – 1 + 1
a+b
2ab 2
⇒ = c ⇒ a, b, c are in H.P. an+1 = an2 + 2an + 1
a+b
n +1 n n
The correct option is (C)
On adding, we get ∑ ai2 = ∑ ai2 + 2∑ ai + n
74. The given product i =1 i =1 i =1
= (– 1)n (x – 1) (2x – 1) (22 x – 1) (23 x – 1) … (2n x – 1) n

n 1+2+…+n ⎛ 1⎞
⇒ 2 ∑ ai 2
= – n + an+1 ≥–n
= (– 1) ⋅ 2 ⋅ (x – 1) ⎜ x − ⎟ i =1
⎝ 2⎠ a1 + a2 + ... + an 1 1
⇒ ≥– ⇒x≥– .
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ n 2 2
⎜⎝ x − 2 ⎟⎠ … ⎜⎝ x − n ⎟⎠
2 2 The correct option is (B)
n ( n +1)
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 77. Given: a1, a2, a3, …, an are in H.P.
= (– 1)n ⋅ 2 ⋅ (x – 1) ⎜ x − ⎟ ⎜ x − ⎟ … ⎜ x − n ⎟
2
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 1
1 1 1
n ⇒ , , , …, are in A.P.
\ coefficient of x a1 a2 a3 an
n ( n +1)
⎛ 1 1 1⎞ a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an a1 + a2 + ... + an
= (– 1)n 2 2 ⋅ ⎜ −1 − − ... ⎟ ⇒ , , ….
⎝ 2 22 2 n ⎠ a1 a2
⎛ 1 ⎞ a1 + a2 + ... + an
n ( n +1) ⎜⎝1 − n+1 ⎟⎠ n ( n − 1) , are in A.P.
= (– 1)2n + 1 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ = (1 – 2n + 1) ⋅ 2 2 . an
⎛ 1⎞
⎜⎝1 − ⎟⎠ a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an a + a + ... + an
2 ⇒ – 1, 1 2 – 1, …,
The correct option is (A) a1 a2
a1 + a2 + ... + an
75. Let R = 0.272727… – 1, are in A.P.
2 an
⇒ 10 R = 27.2727…
and, 104R = 2727.2727… a2 + a3 + ... + an a + a + ... + an
⇒ ,, 1 3 …,
⇒ (10 – 102) R = 2727 – 27
4 a1 a2
2700 3 a1 + a2 + ... + an −1
\ R= =. are in A.P.
9900 11 an
8 a1 a2
Similarly, 0.727272… = . ⇒ , , …,
11 a2 + a3 + ... + an a1 + a3 + ... + an
Since 0.272727…, x and 0.727272… are in H.P.
an
3 8 are in H.P.
⇒ , x, are in H.P. a1 + a2 + ... + an −1
11 11
The correct option is (C)
3 8
2⋅ ⋅
⇒ x= 11 11 = 48 78. Let the three digits be a, ar, ar2.
3 8 121 Then, according to the hypothesis,
+
11 11 100a + 10ar + ar2 + 792 = 100ar2 + 10ar + a
\ x is rational.
⇒ a (r2 – 1) = 8 (1)
The correct option is (A)
 and, a, ar + 2, ar2 are in A.P. \ coeff. of x98 = sum of the product of 1, 2, 3, …, 100 taken
then, 2 (ar + 2) = a + ar2 two at a time
2
⇒ a (r – 2r + 1) = 4 (2) 1
= [(1 + 2 + 3 + … + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + … + 1002)]
Dividing (1) by (2), 2
a ( r 2 − 1) 8 1 ⎡ 2 100 × 101 × 201 ⎤
then, = = ⎢(5050) − ⎥
2
a ( r − 2 r + 1) 4 2 ⎣ 6 ⎦

( r + 1)( r − 1) 1
= [(5050)2 – 338350)] = 12582075.
⇒ =2 2
( r − 1)2
The correct option is (C)
r +1
⇒ =2
r −1 81. Let the sides of the triangle be a, ar, ar2.
\ r = 3 \ from (1), a = 1. If r = 1, then the three terms of G.P. will be a, a, a and hence
Thus, digits are 1, 3, 9 and so the required number is 931. an equilateral triangle will be formed.
The correct option is (C) Thus when r = 1, triangle will be formed (1)
2
79. The general term of the given sequence is If r > 1, then greatest side will be ar and in this case triangle
will be formed if
Tn = n2 a + ar > ar2 ⇒ r2 – r – 1 < 0
500 + 3n3 1− 5
⇒ < r < 1+ 5
3 2
d Tn n (1000 − 3n ) 2
then, =
dn (500 + 3n3 )2
⇒ r < 1+ 5 [Qr > 1] (2)
For maximum or minimum of Tn 2
d Tn If r < 1, then greatest side will be a and triangle will be
=0 formed if
dn
1 ar + ar2 > a ⇒ r2 + r – 1 > 0
⎛ 1000 ⎞ 3 −1 − 5
\ n= ⎜
⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ ⇒ r< or r > −1 + 5
2 2
1
6 < ⎛ 1000 ⎞
3
Now, <7 5 −1
⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ ⇒ < r < 1. [Q 0 < r < 1] (3)
2
Hence, T7 is largest term. So largest term in the given From (1), (2) and (3), possible values of r are given by

sequence is 49 . 5 −1 5 +1 .
1529 <r<
2 2
The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (B)
80. Consider the equation
(x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) … (x – 100) = 0 (1) 82. Let the sides of the right angled triangle be a, ar, ar2 out of
Its root are 1, 2, 3, …, 100. which ar2 is the hypotenuse, then r > 1.
(1) is a polynomial equation in x of degree 100. Coefficient A
of x100 = 1.
Now, sum of the roots of equation (1); taken one at a time
99
i.e., 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 100 = (– 1)1 coeff. of x
100 ar 2
coeff. of x ar
= – coeff. of x99
100 × 101
\ coeff. of x99 = – (1 + 2 + 3 + … + 100) = –
2
= – 5050
Sum of the product of the roots 1, 2, 3, …, 100 taken two at B a C
a time 2 4
Now, a r = a + a r 2 2 2
98
= (– 1) coeff. of x
2
= coeff. of x98 or, r4 – r2 – 1 = 0 \ r2 = 1 ± 5
100
coeff. of x 2
 2 2 1+ 5 . Then, log [ab – c ⋅ bc – a ⋅ ca – b] = 0
Q r>1\r >1\r =
2 \ ab – c ⋅ bc – a ⋅ ca – b = 1;
Angle C is the greater acute angle \ ab bc ca = ac ba cb.
a 1 1 The correct option is (C)
Now, cos C = = = .
ar 2 r2 1+ 5 85. Let the 3n terms of G.P. are a, ar, ar2, …,
The correct option is (A) arn – 1, arn, arn + 1, arn + 2, … ar2n – 1, ar2n,
83. Here, the series is ar2n + 1, ar2n + 2, …, ar2n – 1
S1 = a + ar + ar2 + … + arn – 1 = a (1 − r )
n
2 + (2 + 3) + (2 + 3 + 9) + (2 + 3 + 9 + 27) + … Then,
1− r
the difference of the consecutive terms being 3, 9, 27, …
\ tn = 2 + 3 + 9 + 27 … to n terms S2 = arn + arn + 1 + arn + 2 + … + ar3n – 1
= 2 + [3 + 9 + 27 + … to (n – 1) terms] n n
= ar (1 − r )
n −1 1− r
3
= 2 + 3 (1 − 3 ) = 2 – (1 – 3n – 1) S3 = ar2n + ar2n + 1 + ar2n + 2 + … + ar3n – 1
1− 3 2
n n
= ar (1 − r )
1 1
= + ⋅ 3n; 1− r
2 2
(1 − r n ) 2
1 1 Now, (S2)2 = a2 r2n
\ Sn = S tn = S1+ S 3n (1 − r ) 2
2 2
a (1 − r n ) n
=
1
⋅n+
1
(3 + 32 + 33 + … + 3n) = ⋅ ar2n (1 − r ) = S1S3
2 2 1− r 1− r
Hence, S1, S2, S3 are in G.P.
n 1 3 (1 − 3n ) n 3 n The correct option is (B)
= + ⋅ = + (3 − 1) .
2 2 1− 3 2 4
86. Let r > 1. Then, Sn = a ( r − 1)
n
The correct option is (B)
r −1
84. Let the A.P. be x, x + y, x + 2y …
un = S1 + S2 + S3 + … + Sn
Then, a = x – (p – 1) y, (1)
2 2 n
b = x + (q – 1) y (2) = a ( r − 1) + a ( r − 1) + a ( r − 1) + ... + a ( r − 1)
c = x + (r – 1) y (3) r −1 r −1 r −1 r −1
\ b – c = (q – r) y (4) a
= [(r + r2 + r3 + … + rn) – n]
c – a = (r – p) y (5) r −1
a – b = ( p – q) y (6) a ⎡ r ( r n − 1) ⎤
= ⎢ − n⎥
Let the G.P. be u, uv, uv2, … r − 1 ⎢⎣ r − 1 ⎥⎦
Then, a = uvp – 1 (7) \r Sn + (1 – r) un
q–1
b = uv , (8)
c = uvr – 1, (9) a ( r n − 1) ar ( r n − 1) an (1 − r )
= r⋅ + (1 − r ) −
r −1 (1 − r ) 2 r −1
Now, log (ab – c ⋅ bc – a ⋅ ca – b)
= (b – c) log a + (c – a) log b + (a – b) log c n n
p–1 q–1 = – ar ( r − 1) + ar ( r − 1) + an = na
= (q – r) y log (uv ) + (r – p) y log (uv ) 1− r 1− r
+ ( p – q) y log (uvr – 1), using (4), (5), (6), The correct option is (A)
(7), (8), (9).
2 2
= y [(q – r) {log u + (p – 1) log v} + (r – p) {log u 87. We have, cos A = b + c − a
+ (q – 1) log v} + (p – q) {log u + (r – 1) log v} 2bc
= y [log u (q – r + r – p + p – q) + log v {(q – r) (p – 1) and, sin A = ka (k is a content)
+ (r – p) (q – 1) + (p – q) (r – 1)}] 2 2 2
\ cot A = b + c − a and similarly, we have
= y [log u × 0 + log v × 0] = 0. 2abck
 90. Let the n numbers in G.P. be
2 2 2 a2 + b2 − c2
cot B = a + c − b , cot C = a, ar, ar2,…, arn–1
2abck 2abck
Thus, we have,
⎛1− rn ⎞
b 2 + c 2 − a2 a2 + c 2 − b 2 a2 + b 2 − c 2 Sn = a ⎜ ⎟
Given: , , are ⎝ 1− r ⎠
2abck 2abck 2abck
in A.P. Also,
2 2 2 2 2
⇒ b + c –a , a + c – b , a + b –c are in A.P. 2 2 2 2 S2n = [a + ar + ar2 +….+ arn–1]2
(Multiplying each term by 2abck) ⎛1− rn ⎞
⇒ a2 ⎜ 2 2 2 2 n–1 2
⎟ = a + (ar) + (ar ) +…..+(ar ) + 2S
⇒ –2a2, – 2b2, – 2c2 are in A.P. ⎝ 1− r ⎠
(Subtracting a2 + b2 + c2 from each term)
where S denotes the sum of the product of the terms of the
⇒ a2, b2, c2 are in A.P. (dividing each term by –2] G.P. taken two at a time.
The correct option is (A)
2
1 1 1 ⎛1− rn ⎞ ⎛ 1 − r 2n ⎞
88. Let S = + + + ….up to ∞ ⇒ a2 ⎜ ⎟ = a2 ⎜ ⎟ + 2S
14 34 54 ⎝ 1− r ⎠ ⎝ 1 − r2 ⎠

π4 1 1 1 1 1 a2 ⎡ (1 − r n )2 1 − r 2 n ⎤
Given: =
4
+ 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + ….. ⇒ S= ⎢ 2
− ⎥
90 1 2 2 3 4 2 ⎢⎣ (1 − r ) 1 − r 2 ⎥⎦
1 1 1
=S+ + + + ... a2 ⎛ 1 − r n ⎞ ⎡1 − r n 1 + r n ⎤
24 44 64 = ⎜ 1− r ⎟ ⎢ 1− r − 1 + r ⎥
2 ⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
1 ⎡1 1 1 ⎤
= S+ + + + ....⎥
24 ⎢⎣14 24 34 ⎦ a (1 − r n )(1 + r ) − (1 + r n )(1 − r )
= Sn × ×
2 (1 + r )(1 − r )
= S+
1 π4
×
24 90
= Sn ×
a 2( r − r n )
×
π 4 2 (1 + r )(1 − r )
π4 ⎛ 1⎞
\ S= ⎜ 1− ⎟ =
90 ⎝ 16 ⎠ 96 r a(1 − r n −1 ) ⎛ r ⎞
= Sn × × =⎜
⎝ 1+ r ⎟⎠ n n–1
S S
The correct option is (B) 1+ r 1− r
89. Let a and d respectively be the first term and common differ- r
\ k=
ence of the A.P. r +1
2mr The correct option is (C)
Given: n = (1)
m+r 91. Let the common difference of the given A.P. be t. Then,
and, (a + nd)2 = (a + md) (a + rd) d = a2 + b2 + c2 ⇒ a + 3t = a2 + (a + t)2 + (a + 2t)2
2 ⇒ 5t2 + 3 (2a –1) t + 3a2– a = 0 (1)
⎛a ⎞ ⎛a ⎞⎛a ⎞
⇒ ⎜⎝ d + n⎟⎠ = ⎜ + m ⎟ ⎜ + r ⎟ Q t is real ⇒ D ≥ 0
⎝d ⎠⎝d ⎠
⇒ 9 (2a – 1)2–4 (5) (3a2– a) ≥ 0
⇒ (x + n)2 = (x + m) (x + r)
⎡ a ⎤ ⇒ 24 a2 + 16a – 9 ≤ 0
⎢ Putting d = x ⎥
⎣ ⎦ 1
⇒ x2 + 2nx + n2 = x2 + (m + r) x + mr ⇒ − – 70 < a < −1 + 70
3 12 3 12
n( m + r )
⇒ (m + r – 2n) x = n2 – mr = n 2 − ⇒ a = –1, 0 [ Q a is integer]
2
3
[Using (1)] When a = 0, from (1), t = 0, . Rejecting both these values
n since t must be non zero 5
= ( 2n − m − r )
2 4
When, a = – 1, from (1), t = 1, ⇒t=1
n 5
\ x = − , which is the required ratio.
2 \ a+b+c+d=–1+0+1+2=2
The correct option is (D)
The correct option is (A)
 3 5 ⎛ 2n − 1⎞ ⎛ 5c a ⎞ ⎛ 5c ⎞ ⎛ 3b ⎞
92. 1 + + +… + ⎜
2 3 ⎝ n ⎟⎠ = log ⎜
⎝
.
a 3b ⎟⎠
= log ⎜ ⎟ = – log ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3b ⎠ ⎝ 5c ⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
= (2–1) + ⎜ 2 − ⎟ + ⎜ 2 − ⎟ + ..... + ⎜ 2 − ⎟ ⎛ 3b ⎞ 5
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ i.e., 3 log ⎜ = 0 or b = c (2)
5c ⎟⎠
2 3 n ⎝ 3
⎛
= 2n – ⎜ 1 +
1 1 1⎞
+ + ..... + ⎟ = 2n – Hn From (1) and (2), we have,
⎝ 2 3 n⎠
2
The correct option is (B) a = b = 25c
c 9
93. We have, a21 – a22 + a23 – a24 + ……+ a22n–1 – a22n Now, we have,
= (a1– a2) [a1 + a2 + a3 +….+ a2n]
5c 8c 25c
[Q a1 – a2 = a3 – a4 = ……..a2n–1 – a2n] b+c= +c= < =a
3 3 9
2n
=–d×
2
[ 2a1 + ( 2n − 1)d ] (1) and hence, a, b, c cannot form the sides of a triangle.
The correct option is (D)
where d is the common difference of the A.P.
Since, a2n = a1 +(2n–1) d 96. Given: b2 = ac (Q a, b, c are in G.P.)
and, 2(log 2b – log 3c) = log a – log 2b + log 3c – log a
a2 n − a1
⇒ d= (Q given terms are in A.P)
2n − 1 2
⎛ 2b ⎞ ⎛ 3c ⎞
Thus, we have from (1), required expression ⇒ log ⎜ = log ⎜ ⎟ ⇒ b = 3c
a − a2 n ⎝ 3c ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2b ⎠ 2
= 1 [
× n 2a1 + a2 n − a1
2n − 1
]
2
Now, a = b = 3b = 9c
n ( a1 − a2 n )( a1 + a2 n ) n ( a12 − a22n )
= = c 2 4
2n − 1 2n − 1
The correct option is (C) \ a is the largest side
1 9c 2 81
94. We have, an + 1 =
b + c 2
− a 2 + c2 − c2
2
1− an Now, cos A = = 4 16 = negative
1 1 2bc 3
1 = 2× c ×c
\ a2 = and a3 = 1 − a2 1 2
1 − a1 1−
1 − a1 \ A > 90º, \ triangle is obtuse.
1 − a1 1 − a1 The correct option is (C)
= =
1 − a1 − 1 −a1 97. The middle term of the 4n + 1 terms is the (2n + 1)
1 − a1 th term. Let it be m.
Since a3 = a1, \ = a1
−a1 The middle term of (2n + 1) terms is the (n + 1) th term.
⇒ a21 – a1 + 1 = 0 ⇒ a1 = – w or – w2 Thus, the middle term of the A.P. is
1 1 − a3 = m – (n + 1– 1)2 = m –2n
1 =
Now, a5 = = 1 − a3 and the middle term of the G.P is
1 − a4 1−
1 − a3 n + 1−1
=m ⎛ ⎞
1 − a1 1 m
= = a1 = a3 and so on ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ =
−a1 2n
\ a1 = a3 = a5 ………a2001 According to the given condition, we have

Thus, (a 2001) 2001 = (–w)2001 or (–w2)2001 m

m – 2n =
= –1 2n
The correct option is (B) n.2n + 1
⇒ m=
95. Given: b2 = ac (1) 2n − 1
⎛ 3b ⎞ ⎛ 5c ⎞ ⎛ a⎞
and, 2 log ⎜ ⎟ = log ⎜ ⎟ + log ⎜ ⎟
The correct option is (B)
⎝ 5c ⎠ ⎝ a⎠ ⎝ 3b ⎠
98. Let the common difference of the three A.P.s be d1, d2 and d3 a a a a
⇒ − = − [Using equation (1)]
Then, we have x y y z
n
S1 = [ 2.1 + ( n − 1)d1 ] 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
2 ⇒ − = − ⇒ = +
x y y z y x z
2( S1 − n)
⇒ d1 = (1) \ x, y, z are in H.P.
n( n − 1)
The correct option is (C)
2(S 2 − n ) 101. We have,
Similarly, d2 = (2)
n( n − 1)
S = 1 + (1 + a)b + (1 + a + a2) b2 + (1 + a + a2 + a3) b3 +…∞
and, d3 = 2(S 3 − n ) (3) = (1 + b + b2 +….∞) + a (b + b2 + b3 +…..∞)
n( n − 1) + a2 (b2 + b3 + ……∞) +….∞
Since d1, d2 and d3 are given to be in H.P, therefore,
1 ab a 2b 2 1
1 1 1 1 = + + + ....∞ =
− = − 1− b 1− b 1− b (1 − b )(1 − ab)
d2 d1 d3 d2
The correct option is (A)
1 1 1 1
⇒ − = −
S2 − n S1 − n S3 − n S2 − n 102. We have,

( ) − (y )
− n −1 2 2
[Using results (1), (2), (3)] 2 − n −1
bn = x 2
S1 − S2 S2 − S3
⇒ =
( S2 − n)( S1 − n) ( S2 − n)( S3 − n) = x2( − n −1

− y2
− n −1

) (x 2 − n −1
+ y2
− n −1

)
⇒
S1 − S 2 = S 2 − S 3 ⇒ n = 2S3S1 − S1S2 − S2 S3 = bn + 1 an + 1
S1 − n S3 − n S1 − 2S2 + S3
The correct option is (C) i.e., an =
bn −1 (Putting n in place of n – 1)
bn
99. We have,
Sn = 13 + 3.23 + 33 + 3.43 + 53 +… x−y
b0 b1 b2 bn−1
Let n = 2m. Then, \ a1, a2… an = . . .... =
b1 b2 b3 bn bn
S2m = (13 + 33 + 53 …..to m terms)
+ 3 (23 + 43 + 63 + …..to m terms) The correct option is (B)
= {13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ……+ (2m–1)3 + (2m)3}
103. Given: a1 + 5d = 2
– { 23 + 43 +…..+ (2m)3} +3{ 23 + 43 + 63 +….+ (2m)3}
Let y = a1 a4 a5 = a1 (a1 + 3d) (a1 + 4d)
2
⎡ 2m( 2m + 1) ⎤ 3 3 3 3 = (2 – 5d) (2 – 2d) (2 – d)
= ⎢ ⎥ + 8 × 2{1 + 2 + 3 + .... + m }
⎣ 2 ⎦ (Putting a1 = 2 – 5d)
2 2 = 2 (4 – 16d + 17d 2 – 5d3)
= m2 (2 m + 1)2 + 16 m ( m + 1) The value of d at which y attains maxima is given by
4
dy
2 2
n ( n + 3n + 1) n =0 (by calculus)
= [Put m = ] dx
2 2 ⇒ – 16 + 34 d – 15 d2 = 0
The correct option is (B)

100. Since p, q, r are in A.P. we have

34 ± 14 2 8
⇒ d= = ,
p – q = q – r = k (say) (1) 30 3 5
a−x a− y a−z d 2y 2
Given: = = Now, = 34 – 30 d > 0 for d =
px qy rz dx 2 3
8
< 0 for d =
⎛a ⎞ ⎛a ⎞ ⎛a ⎞ ⎛a ⎞ 5
⎜⎝ x − 1⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ y − 1⎟ ⎜⎝ y − 1⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ z − 1⎟⎠ 8
⎠ Hence, y is maximum for d =
⇒ = 5
p −q q−r
The correct option is (A)
(by componendo–dividendo)
104. Let tn denotes the nth term of the sequence Hence, we have,
1, 2, 4, 7 n
S= ⎡ 2t n + ( n − 1)1⎤⎦
Let S = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + ….+ tn 2⎣
Again, S = 1 + 2 + 4 + …..+ tn–1 + tn
On subtracting, we get n n ( n2 + 1)
= ⎡⎣ n2 − n + 2 + n − 1⎤⎦ =
0 = 1 + [1 + 2 + 3 +……(n – 1) terms] – tn 2 2
n ( n − 1) n2 − n + 2 The correct option is (C)
⇒ tn = 1 + =
2 2
which denotes the first term of the nth row which contains
n terms in A.P., having common difference 1.

More than One Option Correct Type

105. Let the numbers be a and b. If H is the harmonic mean then 3a2 – d2 = b
H = 4, 2A + G2 = 27 (1) (Given) ⎛ 1⎞
2
1 1
2 ⇒ b = 3 ⎜ ⎟ − d 2 = – d2 ≤ .
But we know, AH = G . ⎝ 3⎠ 3 3
\ 4 A = G2; \ from (1), 2A + 4A = 27; ⎛ 1⎤
Thus, b ∈ ⎜ −∞, ⎥ .
27 9 ⎝ 3⎦
\ A= =
6 2 From (3), we get
a+b 9 ⎧ a + b⎫ a (a2 – d2) = – γ
\ = , ⎨Q A = ⎬
2 2 ⎩ 2 ⎭ 1 ⎛1 2⎞
\ a+b=9 (2) ⇒ ⎜ − d ⎟⎠ = – γ
3 ⎝9
2ab 2ab
Again, H=4= ; \ 4=
a+b 9 1 2 1 1
⇒ γ= d – ≥–
\ ab = 18. (3) 3 27 27
From (2) and (3), we get
⎡ 1 ⎞
Thus, γ ∈ ⎢ − , ∞⎟
a–b= ( a + b) 2 − 4 ab = 9 − 4 × 18 = ± 3
2 (4) ⎣ 27 ⎠
\ From (2) and (4), 2a = 9 ± 3 and 2b = 9 ∓ 3;
\ a = 6, 3 and b = 3, 6. ⎛ 1⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎞
Hence, b ∈ ⎜ −∞, ⎥ and γ ∈ ⎢ − 27 , ∞⎟⎠
⎝ 3⎦ ⎣
\ The numbers are 3 and 6.
The correct option is (C, D) The correct option is (A, D)
106. Since nth term of the first (2n – 1) terms is the middle term, a+c
108. As a, b, c are in A.P., b = (1)
\ a is the A.M. (A); b is the G.M. (G); c is the H.M. (H) of 2
the series, whose first and last terms are equal. 2 2
We know that A ≥ G > H and AH = G2 As a2, b2, c2 are in H.P., b2 = 2a c
a + c2
2
\ a ≥ b ≥ c and ac = b2
⇒ b (a + c ) = 2 a c ⇒ b {(a + c)2 – 2ac} = 2 a2c2
2 2 2 2 2 2
The correct option is (B, D)
⇒ b2 {4b2 – 2ac} = 2 a2c2, using (1)
107. Since x1, x2, x3 are in A.P. we may take x1 = a – d, x2 = a and 2 2 2 2 4 2 2
x3 = a + d. ⇒ b (2b – ac) = a c ; ⇒ 2b – b ac – (ac) = 0
Since x1, x2, x3 are roots of ⇒ (2b2 + ac) (b2 – ac) = 0.
x3 – x2 + bx + γ = 0 \ Either 2b2 + ac = 0 or b2 = ac;
we have, (a – d) + a + (a + d) = 1 (1) 2
\ ⎛⎜ a + c ⎞⎟ = ac
ac
(a – d) a + a (a + d) + (a – d) (a + d) = b (2) i.e., b2 = –
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
(a – d) (a) (a + d) = – γ (3) a
1 i.e., – , b, c are in G.P. i.e., (a – c)2 = 0 i.e., a = c;
From (1), we get 3a = 1 or a = 2
3
From (2), we get
 c a+c a+a 2 ⎡ b 2 + bc + ab + b 2 ⎤
or, – , b, a, are in G.P. \ b = = =a = ⎢ ⎥
2 2 2 b ⎢⎣ ab + ac + b 2 + bc ⎥⎦
i.e., a = b = c. 2 ⎡ ac + bc + ab + ac ⎤
The correct option is (A, B, C) = ⎢ ab + ac + ac + bc ⎥
b ⎣ ⎦
109. We have, 1 1 2
\ + = .
2ab x y b
G= ab , H = and G = 2H.
a+b The correct option is (B, C)
4 ab a b = 4. 111. We have,
\ ab = or a + b = 4 ab or +
a+b b a log x +log x1/2 + log x1/4 +.....= y
a 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
If = x2, then x + = 4 or x2 + 1 = 4x ⇒ ⎜⎝1 + + + ....⎟⎠ log x....... = y
b x 2 4
or, x2 – 4x + 1 = 0; ⎛ 1 ⎞
⇒ ⎜⎝ ⎟ log x = y
4±2 3 1 − 1 / 2⎠
\ x = 4 ± 16 − 4 = =2± 3.
2 2 ⇒ 2 log x = y (1)
Taking the positive sign, 1 + 3 + 5 + ..... + ( 2 y − 1) 20
and, =
2 4 + 7 + 10 + ...... + (3 y + 1) 7 log x
x2 = (2 + 3 )2 = ( 2 + 3 )
4−3 ⎛ 1 + 2 y − 1⎞
y⎜ ⎟⎠ 20
(2 + 3) 2
(2 + 3) 2 ⎝ 2
= = ⇒ = ⎛ y⎞ [Using (1)]
22 − ( 3 ) 2 ( 2 + 3 )( 2 − 3 ) ⎛ 4 + 3 y + 1⎞ 7⎜ ⎟
y⎜ ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
⎝ 2
a 2+ 3
\ = . 2y 40
b 2− 3 ⇒ = ⇒ 7y2 – 60y – 100 = 0
3y + 5 7 y
a 2− 3
Similarly, taking the negative sign, we get = . 10
b 2+ 3 ⇒ y = 10, – and corresponding x = 105, 10–5/7.
7
The correct option is (A, B)
The correct option is (A, B)
110. Q a, b, c are in G.P. \ b2 = ac (1)
Again, as x is A.M. between a and b, 112. Let the G.P. be a, ar, ar2,......
and let the A.P. be a, r + a, r + 2a,...
a+b
\ x= (2) Given: a + ar = 9 (1)
2
10
and, y is the A.M. between b and c. and,
2
[2r + (10 − 1)a] = 155
b+c
\ y= (3) ⇒ 2r + 9a = 31 (2)
2 9
Putting a = from equation (1) in equation (2), we
a c
+ =
2a 2c
have, 1+ r
Consider +
x y a+b b+c
81
2r + = 31 ⇒ 2r2 –29r + 50 = 0
⎡ a c ⎤ 1+ r
=2 ⎢ + ⎥ [Using (2) and (3)]
⎣a + b b + c⎦ 29 ± 21 25 2
⇒ r= = , 2 and corresponding a = , 3
⎡ ab + ac + ac + bc ⎤ 4 2 3
=2 ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣ ab + ac + b + bc ⎦ 113. We have,

⎡ ab + ac + ac + bc ⎤ ⎡ n( n − 1) 2 n( n − 1)( n − 2) 3 ⎤
=2 ⎢ (1 + 2x2 + x4) ⎢1 + nx + x + x + ....⎥
⎥ =2 [Using (1)]
⎣ 2 6 ⎦
⎣ ab + ac + ac + bc ⎦
1 1 2 2 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + ....
Again, + = + Comparing the coefficients, we have
x y a+b b+c
a1 = n
⎡ b+c+a+b ⎤ n( n − 1)
=2 ⎢ 2 ⎥ a2 = 2 +
⎣ ab + ac + b + ac ⎦ 2
 115. Since t912, t951 and t480 are divisible by 3
n( n − 1)( n − 2)
and, a3 = 2n + \ none of them is prime.
6
According to the given condition, we have a1 + a3 = 2a2 1
For t9l, we have t91 = 9.
9...
9
⇒ 3n +
n( n − 1)( n − 2)
= 4 + n (n – 1) 991times
6
⇒ n (n–1) (n–2) = 6 (n2– 4n + 4) =
9
(
1 91 1
9⎣
)
10 − 1 = ⎡(107 )13 − 1⎤
⎦
⇒ n3 – 3n2 + 2n = 6n2 – 24n + 24
⎡ (107 )13 − 1⎤ ⎡107 − 1⎤
⇒ n – 9n2 + 26n – 24 = 0
3
= ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
7
\ n = 2, 3, 4 ⎢⎣ 10 − 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 10 − 1 ⎥⎦
The correct option is (A, C, D)
= ⎡(107 )12 + (107 )11 + .... + 107 + 1⎤ ⋅
114. Since 3 (a2 + b2 + c2 + 1) – 2 (a + b + c + ab + bc + ca) = 0 ⎣ ⎦
\ [(a – b)2 + (b –c)2 +(c – a)2 ] + [(a – 1)2 + (b– 1)2 ⎡106 + 105 + .....10 + 1⎤
⎣ ⎦
+ (c –1)2] = 0 = (An integer) (An integer)
⇒ a – b = b– c = c– a = 0 \ t91 is not prime.
and, a – 1= b–1 = c – 1= 0 ⇒ a = b = c = 1 The correct option is (A, B, C, D)
⇒ a, b, c are in A. P and G. P. both. Also, they are in H.P.
The correct option is (A, B, C, D)

Passage Based Questions

118. nth term of the given series
1 1
116. Here, tn = = 1
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n n ( n + 1) / 2 =
( n th term of 1,3,5,.......in A.P )( n th term of 3,5,7......in A.P.)
2 ( n + 1) − 1
= =2 1
n ( n + 1) n ( n + 1) \ Tn =
(1 + ( n − 1) 2) (3 + ( n − 1) 2)
⎛1 1 ⎞
=2 ⎜ − 1
⎝ n n + 1⎟⎠ =
(2 n − 1) (2 n + 1)
Putting n = 1, 2, 3, …, n, we get
1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
⎛1 1⎞ ⇒ Tn = ⎜ − ⎟
t1 = 2 ⎜ − 2 ⎝ 2n − 1 2n + 1⎠
⎝ 1 2 ⎟⎠ Putting n = 1, 2, 3, …
⎛ 1 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 1⎞ 1 1
t2 = 2 ⎜ − ⎟ T1 = ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ Q –
⎝ 2 3⎠ 2 1 3 2n − 1 2n + 1
⎛ 1 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 1⎞ 2n + 1 − 2n + 1
t3 = 2 ⎜ − T2 = ⎜ − ⎟ =
⎝ 3 4 ⎟⎠ 2 ⎝ 3 5⎠ (2 n − 1) (2 n + 1)
M 1 ⎛ 1 1⎞ 2
T3 = ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ = .
⎛1 1 ⎞ 2 5 7 (2 n − 1) (2 n + 1)
tn = 2 ⎜ −
⎝ n n + 1⎟⎠ M
1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
⎛ 1 ⎞ 2n Tn = ⎜⎝ − ⎟
Adding, we get Sn = 2 ⎜1 − = 2 2n − 1 2n + 1⎠
⎝ n + 1⎟⎠ n +1
Adding vertically, we get
The correct option is (B)
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 2n + 1 − 1 n
Sn = ⎜⎝1 − ⎟ = =
2 2 2 2 n + 1⎠ 2 2 n + 1 2n + 1
117. S∞ = lim S n = lim = = 2.
n →∞ n→∞ 1 + 1/ n 1 + 0 \ Sn =
n
2n + 1
The correct option is (B)
The correct option is (A)
 Multiplying both sides by 9 (1 – r)2, we get
n
119. We have, Sn = ⇒ 44 (1 – r)2 = 27 (1 – r) + 18r
2n + 1
⇒ 44 (1 – 2r + r2) = 27 – 27r + 18r
Dividing numerator and denominator by n, we obtain
⇒ 44 r2 – 79r + 17 = 0
1 1
Sn = . Now when n → ∞, →0 2
2 + 1/ n n ⇒ r = 79 ± ( −79) − 4 × 44 × 17
1 1 2 × 44
\ S∞ = = .
2+0 2 79 ± 3249 79 ± 57
= =
The correct option is (C) 88 88

120. The series is an arithmetico-geometric series, since each 79 + 57 79 − 57

= ,
term is formed by multiplying corresponding terms of the 88 88
series 136 22 17 1
= , = ,
1, 3, 5, 7, … which is an A.P. 88 88 11 4
1 1 1
and, 1, , , , … which is a G.P. 17
2 2 2 23 Now, > 1 i.e., | r | > 1.
11
Let S denote the sum to infinity of the given series, then 1
3 5 7 But | r | < 1, \ r = .
S = 1+ + + + ... (1) 4
2 2 2 23
The correct option is (A)
1
Multiplying both sides by , the common ratio of G.P., 122. The given series is
2
1 1
1 1 3 5 7 3 + (3 + d) + (3 + 2d) +…
we get S= + + 3 + 4 + ... (2) 4 42
2 2 2 2
2 2 1 1
S = 3 + (3 + d ) . 2
+ (3 + 2 d ) . + ....∞ (1)
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get 4 43
Multiplying both sides by 1/4, we get
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 3 1⎞ ⎛ 5 3⎞ ⎛ 7 5⎞
⎜⎝1 − 2 ⎟⎠ S = 1 + ⎜ − ⎟ + ⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ + ⎜ 3 − 3 ⎟ + ... 1 1 1 1
⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝2 2 ⎠ S = 3 ⋅ + (3 + d ) ⋅ 2 + (3 + 2d ) ⋅ 3 + … ∞
4 4 4 4
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
= 1 + ⎜1 + + 2 + ...⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛1 1 1 ⎞
⎜⎝1 − ⎟⎠ S = 3 + d ⎜⎝ + 2 + 3 + ... ∞⎟⎠
1 1 4 4 4 4
1
S=1+ 1 = 1 + 1 =1+2=3 3 1/ 4 d 4
2 1− S=3+d =3+ \S=4+ d
2 2 4 1 − 1/ 4 3 9
44
\ S = 3 × 2 = 6. But S= (Given)
9
The correct option is (B) 44 4
\ =4+ d
121. Let S = 3 + 5r + 7r2 + … ∞ (1) 9 9
Multiplying both sides of (1) by r, we get 4 44 44 − 36 8
⇒ d= –4= =
rS = 3r + 5r2 + 7r3 + … ∞ (2) 9 9 9 9
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get 8 9
\ d= × =2
(1 – r) S = 3 + 2r + 2r2 + 2r3 + … to ∞ 9 4
= 3 + 2r (1 + r + r2 + … ∞) Hence, d = 2.
1 2r
= 3 + 2r × =3+ a dr
1− r 1− r Aliter. S∞ = +
1− r (1 − r ) 2
3 2r 44
\ S= + Here, a = 3. S∞ = (Given), r =
1
1 − r (1 − r )2 9 4
44 44 3 2r 44 3 d Ÿ (1/4) 3 d /4
But S= (Given), \ = + . \ = + = +
9 9 1 − r (1 − r )2 9 1 − 1/ 4 (1 − r ) 2
3 / 4 ( 3/ 4 ) 2
 44 4 1
\
9
− 4 = d \ d = 2.
9
126. S2n +1 – S2n =
2
( S2n + S2n−1 ) − S2n
The correct option is (B) 1
123. We have, 3 1/3
⋅9 2/9
⋅ 273/27
⋅ 814/81
… to ∞
= − (S − S 2 n −1 )
2 2n
⎛1 2 3 4 ⎞ 2
= = ⎛⎜ − 1 ⎞⎟
+ + + ... to ∞⎟
3⎝⎜ 3 9 27 81 ⎠
⎝ 2⎠
( S2n−1 − S2n− 2 ) and so on.
1 2 3 4
Let S = + + + + … to ∞ Continuing in this manner, we get
3 9 27 81
2 n −1
1
S=
1
+
2
+
8
… to ∞ S2n + 1 –S2n = ⎛ 1 ⎞ (S1 − S2 )
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
3 9 27 81 2
On subtraction, (A) This recursion relation shows that this choice is not
2 1 1 1 1 1/ 3 1 true.
S= + + + + … to ∞ = = ;
3 3 9 27 81 1 − 1/ 3 2 (C) is ruled out because S2n + 1 – S2n is alway positive
3 (D) is ruled out since S2n +1 is strictly greater than S2n.
\S= .
4 The correct option is (B)
Hence the given product = 33/4 = 4
27 .
127. From above,
The correct option is (C)
2 n −1
⎛ 1⎞
S + S2 S2n + 1 – S2n = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
(S1 − S2 )
124. and 125. Since S3 = 1 , S2 < S3 < S1
2
which approaches zero as n → ∞
S2 + S3
Again, S4 = ⇒ S2 < S4 < S3< S1
2 ⇒ lim S2 n + 1 = lim S2 n = l (say)
n→∞ n→∞
S + S3
Further S5 = 4 ⇒ S4 < S5 < S3 < S1
2 2Sn + 1 + Sn = Sn + Sn–1 + Sn = 2Sn + Sn –1
Continuing in this manner, we will get
= 2Sn–1 + Sn –2 = 2S2 + S1
S2 < S4 < S6 < S8 <……< S7 < S5 < S3 < S1
On taking limits, we get
⇒ Sequence {S2n} is increasing and {S2n + 1} is decreasing
2l + l = 2S2 + S1
Thus, correct choices of are
1
(a) and (b) respectively. These sequences cannot be ⇒ l=
3
(2S2 + S1 )
unbounded since all terms of the sequence lie between S2
and S1 The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (A)
The correct option is (B)

Match the Column Type

128.
n ⎡ 8⎤
Now, Sn > 1568 ⇒ 40 + ( n − 1) ⎥ > 1568
I . We have, an = Sn – Sn – 1 (1) 2 ⎢⎣ 3⎦
and, an – 1 = Sn – 1 – Sn – 2 (2) n 112 + 8n
⇒ ⋅ > 1568
\ d = an – an – 1 2 3
= (Sn – Sn – 1) – (Sn – 1 – Sn – 2) 6
⇒ n2 + 14n > × 1568 = 1176
[From (1) and (2)] 8
⇒ n2 + 14n – 1176 > 0,
= Sn – 2Sn – 1 + Sn – 2.
or, (n + 42) (n – 28) > 0
The correct option is (C)
As n is positive, n – 28 > 0 i.e., n > 28
2 8 \ Minimum value of n = 29.
II. It is in A.P. for which a = 20, d = 2 =
3 3 The correct option is (A)
 a 1
III. Since 51 + x + 51 – x, , 25x + 25–x are in A.P., we have 2 2 2 1 1
2 = − = − =
a 3 ⎛ 1⎞ 3 3 3
2 = 51 + x + 51 – x + 25x + 25–x 1− ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 2⎠
Now, put 5x = t so that t > 0, we then have 1 2 2
\ S= × =
5 2 1 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 3 3 9
a = 5t + + t + 2 = ⎜t 2 + ⎟ + 5 ⎜t + ⎟ The correct option is (A)
t t ⎝ t ⎠
2 ⎝ t⎠
III. Let S = (1 + 3–1) (1 + 3–2) (1 + 3–4) (1 + 3–8) …
⎛ 1⎞
2 ⎡⎛ 1⎞
2 ⎤ −2n
or, a = ⎜ t − ⎟ + 2 + 5 ⎢⎜ t − + 2⎥ ) (1+ 3
⎝ t⎠ ⎟
⎢⎣⎝ t⎠ ⎥⎦ ⇒ (1 – 3– 1) S
= (1 – 3– 1) (1 + 3– 1) (1 + 3– 2) (1 + 3– 4)
2 2
= ⎛⎜ t − 1⎞⎟ + 5 ⎛⎜ t − 1 ⎞⎟ + 12 ≥ 12. (1 + 3– 8) … (1 + 3−2 )
n

⎝ t⎠ ⎝ t⎠ 2
⇒ S = (1 – 3–2) (1 + 3–2) (1 + 3–4) (1 + 3–8) …
Thus, values of a are given by the inequality a ≥ 12. 3 −2n
The correct option is (D) (1+ 3 )
= (1 – 3–4) (1 + 3–4) (1 + 3–8) … (1 + 3−2 )
n

n
IV. log 2 a + log 2 a + log2 a + log 2 a + …
1/2 1/4 1/6 18
/
= (1 – 3–8) (1 + 3–8) … ( 1 + 3−2 )
= 2 log2 a + 4 log2 a + 6 log2 a + … + 40 log2 a −2n
= (1− 3 ) (1 + 3−2 ) = 1 – ( 3−2n )2
n

= log2 a [2 + 4 + 6 + … + 40] n +1
= 1 – 3−2 .
20
= (2 + 40) log2 a 3 n +1
2 ⇒ S= (1 − 3−2 )
= 420 log2 a = 840 2
⇒ log2 a = 2 ⇒ a = 4 3 n +1
\ lim S = lim (1 − 3−2 )
The correct option is (B) n→∞ n→∞ 2

129. I. Let the G.P. be 1, r, r2, r3, … 3 3

=
(1 – 0) = .
Given: tn = 2 (tn + 1 + tn + 2 + tn + 3 + … to ∞) 2 2
t The correct option is (B)
or, tn = 2 ⋅ n+1 , (Q common ratio = r)
1− r
⎛ ⎞ n

∑ ⎜ ∑ m2 ⎟ = k∑= (1 + 2 + .... + k )
n k
1− r t 1− r IV. 2 2 2
\ = n +1 ; or =r
2 tn 2 r =1 ⎝ m = 1 ⎠ 1

1
or, 1 – r = 2r ; \ r = . 1 ⎧⎪ n( n + 1) 2 ⎫⎪ 1 ⎧ n( n + 1)( 2n + 1) ⎫
3 = ⎨ ⎬+ ⎨ ⎬
The correct option is (D) 3 ⎩⎪ 2 ⎭⎪ 2 ⎩ 6 ⎭
1 ⎛ n( n + 1) ⎞
2 5 2 11 + ⎜ ⎟
II. Let S = − + − + ... to ∞ (1) 6⎝ 2 ⎠
3 6 3 24
1
Multiplying both sides by – , the common ratio of
2
=
2
{
1 4
n + 4 n3 + 5 n 2 + 2 n }
G.P.
1 2 5 8 \ a = 1 ,b = 1 ,c = 5 ,d = 1 ,e = 0
S=– +
– − + ... to ∞ (2) 12 3 12 6
2 6 12 24
So, a + b + c + d + e = 1
Subtracting (2) from (1), we have
The correct option is (C)
3
S = 2 − 3 + 3 − 3 + ... to ∞ 130. I. Since a, b, c are in A.P.
2 3 6 12 24 a+c
\b= (1)
2
= − ⎛⎜ − + + ... to ∞⎞⎟
2 1 1 1
3 ⎝2 4 8 ⎠ Q b, c, d are in G.P.
 \ c2 = bd (2)
a + 2d 1 a
Also, Q c, d, e, are in H.P. i.e. , , ,
2a ( a + d ) 2( a + d ) 2 ( a + 2d ) ( a + d )
2ce
\ d= (3) Product of first and third
c+e
Substituting the values of b and d from (1) and (3) a + 2d a
= ⋅
respectively in (2), we get 2a ( a + d ) 2 ( a + 2d ) ( a + d )
a+c e ( a + c) 2
c2 = ⋅ or c = 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
2 c+e = = ⎢ ⎥
2
4 (a + d ) ⎣ 2 ( a + d ) ⎦
⇒ c2 + ce = ae + ce
⇒ c2 = ae, which shows that a, c, e are in G.P. \ New numbers are in G.P.
The correct option is (B) The correct option is (B)

II. Q 2 (y – a) is H.M. between y – x and y – z IV. Solving the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, we get
2 1 1
\ = + −2b ± 4b 2 − 4 ac − b ± b 2 − ac b
2( y − a) y−x y−z x= = =–
2a a a
1 1 [ Q a, b, c are in G.P., \ b2 = ac]
= + (1)
( y − a) − ( x − a) ( y − a) − ( z − a) This is also root of
Let x – a = X; y – a = Y; z – a = Z dx2 + 2ex + f = 0
then (1) reduces to 2
\ ⎛ −b ⎞ ⎛ −b ⎞
1 1 1 d ⎜ ⎟ + 2e ⎜ ⎟ + f = 0
= + ⇒ Y2 = ZX ⎝ a⎠ ⎝ a⎠
Y Y − X Y −Z ⇒ db2 – 2eba + a2 f = 0
\ X, Y, Z are in G.P. or x – a, y – a, z – a are in G.P.
⇒ dac – 2eba + a2 f = 0 [ Q b2 = ac]
The correct option is (B)
Dividing throughout by a
III. Let the numbers in H.P. be \ dc – 2eb + af = 0 ⇒ 2eb = dc + af
1 1 1 Dividing both sides by b
, ,
a a+d a + 2d 2e dc + af 2e dc + af
⇒ = ⇒ = [ b2 = ac]
1 b b2 b ac
Then, the numbers obtained by subtracting
are 2 (a + b ) 2e d f e d f e
⇒ = + ⇒ − = −
b a c b a c b
1 1 1 1 1 1
− , − , −
a 2 (a + d ) a + d 2 (a + d ) a + 2 d 2 ( a + d ) ⇒
d e f
, , are in A.P.
a b c
2a + 2d − a 1 2a + 2d − ( a + 2d ) The correct option is (A)
i.e., , ,
2a ( a + d ) 2 ( a + d ) 2 ( a + 2 d ) ( a + d )

Assertion-Reason Type
131. Let 2n arithmetic means be A1, A2, A3, …, A2n between a 132. Since a and b are unequal,
and b.
a+b a2 + b 2
Then, A1 + A2 + A3 + … + A2n = × 2n > a 2b 2 [A.M. > G.M. for unequal numbers]
2 2
13
13n ⇒ a2 + b2 > 2ab
= 6 × 2n =
2 6 Similarly, b2 + c2 > 2bc and c2 + a2 > 2ca
Given, A1 + A2 + A3 + … + A2n = 2n + 1; Hence, 2 (a2 + b2 + c2) > 2 (ab + bc + ca)
13n
\ 2n + 1 = ; or 12n + 6 = 13n; \ n = 6. ⇒ ab + bc + ca < 1
6
\ The number of means = 2n = 2 × 6 = 12. The correct option is (A)
The correct option is (A)
 135. We know that sum of n A.M.’s between two quantities is
a+c equal to n times their single mean.
133. b = H.M. of a and c > A.M. of a and c =
2 Now, x, y, z are three A.M.’s between a and b
a+c b +d
⇒ b> . Similarly, c > . Adding we get
2 2 x+y+z=3 ⎜
⎛ a + b ⎞ = 15
b + c > a + d. ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
The correct option is (A) or, a + b = 10 (1)
134. Let Tn be the nth term of the series a, x, y, z, b are in H.P.

1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
\ , , , , are in A.P.
+ + +… a x y z b
1 + 12 + 14 1 + 22 + 2 4 1 + 32 + 34
1 1 1 3 ⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ a+b⎞
\ + + = ⎜ + ⎟ =3 ⎜
Then, Tn =
n
=
n x y z 2 ⎝ a b⎠ ⎝ 2ab ⎟⎠
1 + n2 + n4 (1 + n 2 )2 − n 2
5 3
n or, = ⋅10 , by (1) \ ab = 9 (2)
=
3 2ab
( n 2 + n + 1) ( n 2 − n + 1) Hence, a and b are the roots of
t2 – 10 t + 9 = 0 [Using (1) and (2)]
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤
= − ⇒ t = 9, 1
2 ⎢⎣ n2 − n + 1 n2 + n + 1 ⎥⎦
\ 9, 1 are the required values of a and b.
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ The correct option is (A)
= −
2 ⎣1 + ( n − 1)n 1 + n( n + 1) ⎥⎦
⎢
136. Since A. M. > G.M. for n distinct positive quantities, we
Now, have,
n
1 ⎡1 1 ⎤ 1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ 13 + 23 + 33 + ..... + n3
∑ Tr ( )
1/ n
= − + − > 13. 23. 33 .....n 3
r =1
2 ⎢⎣1 1 + 1.2 ⎥⎦ 2 ⎢⎣1 + 1.2 1 + 2.3 ⎥⎦ n
2
⎛ n( n + 1) ⎞
> (1.2.3....n) = (n!)3/n
3/ n
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ ⇒ ⎜⎝
+ − +… 4 ⎟⎠
2 ⎣1 + 2.3 1 + 3.4 ⎥⎦
⎢
2n
⇒ (n!)3 < n n ⎛
n + 1⎞
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
+ −
2 ⎢⎣1 + ( n − 1)n 1 + n( n + 1) ⎥⎦
The correct option is (A)
1⎡ 1 ⎤ n( n + 1)
= ⎢1 − ⎥ = .
2 ⎣ 1 + n( n + 1) ⎦ 2( n 2 + n + 1)

The correct option is (A)

Previous Year’s Questions

1 3
137. Q1,log3 31− x + 2 ,log3 ( 4 ⋅ 3x − 1) are in AP ⇒ t=− ,
3 4
\ 2 log3 (31− x + 2)1/ 2 = log3 3 + log3 ( 4 ⋅ 3x − 1) 3
⇒ 3 = (neglecting the negative value)
x
4
⇒ log3 (31− x + 2)1/ 2 = log3 3( 4 ⋅ 3x − 1)
⎛ 3⎞
Let 3x = t, then ⇒ log3 ⎜ ⎟ = x
⎝ 4⎠
3
+ 2 = 12t − 3 ⇒ x = log3 3 − log3 4
t
⇒ 12t2− 5t − 3 = 0 ⇒ x = 1 − log3 4
⇒ (3t + l)(4t− 3) = 0
The correct option is (B)
138. The product 21/4 ⋅ 41/4 ⋅ 81/16 … 142. f (1) = 7
=2 1/ 4
⋅2 2/8
⋅2 3 /16
... f (1 + 1) = f (1) + f (1)
⇒ f (2) = 2 ×7
1⎡ 2 3 ⎤
1+ ⋅ + ...⎥
4 ⎢⎣ 2 22 ⎦
Also, f (3) = 3 ×7
=2
n
⎡
⎢
1 ⎤
⎥
\ ∑ f ( r ) = 7(1 + 2 + ......... + n)
1⎢ 1
+ 2 2⎥ r =1
4 ⎢ 1 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎥
⎢1− 1− ⎥
2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦ n( n + 1)
= 2 ⎢⎣ =7
2
1
[ 2 + 2] The correct option is (D)
= 24 n
r
=2 143. Given t n = ∑ nC
r=0 r
The correct option is (B)
n
n−r n
n−r
139. Since fifth term of a GP = 2
\ ar4 = 2
Also, t n = ∑ nC
r=0 n−r
= ∑
r=0
n
Cr
(Q C
n
r = nCn − r )
where a and r are the first term and the common ratio Adding above two equalities we write
respectively of a GP. n
r+n−r n
n
Now required product 2t n = ∑ n
Cr
= ∑ nC
r=0 r=0
= a × ar × ar2 × ar3 × ar4 × ar5 × ar6 × ar7 × ar8 r

= a9r36 = (ar4)9 = 29 = 512

n
n 1 n t n
The correct option is (B)
⇒ tn = ∑ = sn ⇒ Sn = 2
2 r = 0 nCr 2 n
140. Key Idea : The number of triangles those can be formed The correct option is (A)
using n points = nC3
1
QTn = nC3 144. Given that Tm = = a + ( m − 1)d (1)
n
\ Tn +1 − Tn = 21 1
And Tn = = a + ( n − 1)d (2)
n +1 m
⇒ C3 − C3 = 21
n
1 1
⇒ nC2 + nC3 − nC3 = 21 From (1) and (2) we get a = ,d=
mn mn
Hence, a − d = 0
n −1
(Q nC2 + nC3 = C3 ) The correct option is (A)
⇒ nC2 = 21
145. If n is odd then (n − 1) is even and so the sum of odd terms
n( n − 1) ( n − 1)n2 n2 ( n + 1)
⇒ = 21 ⇒ n2 − n − 42 = 0 = + n2 = .
2 2 2
⇒ ( n − 7)( n + 6) = 0 The correct option is (D)
⇒n=7 (Q n ≠ −6) ∞
1 1
The correct option is (B) 146. x= ∑ an = 1 − a ⇒a = 1−
x
n= 0
1 1 1 ∞
141. − + − .......... 1 1
1.2 2.3 3.4 y= ∑ bn = 1 − b ⇒ b = 1 − y
n= 0
1 1 1 1 1
= 1− − + + − − ......... ∞
1 1
2 2 3 3 4 z= ∑ cn = 1 − c ⇒ c = 1 − z
n= 0
⎛1 1 1 ⎞
= 1 − 2 ⎜ − + − ........⎟ (Rearranging the terms) a, b, c are in A.P.
⎝2 3 4 ⎠
2b = a + c
⎛ 1 1 1 ⎞
= 2 ⎜1 − + − + ........⎟ − 1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 1
⎝ 2 3 4 ⎠ 2 ⎜1 − ⎟ = 1 − + 1 −
⎝ y⎠ x y
= 2 log 2 − log e
2 1 1
⎛ 4⎞ = +
= log ⎜ ⎟ . y x z
⎝ e⎠
⇒ x, y, z are in H. P
The correct option is (D) The correct option is (D)
147. Given condition implies that ⇒ r2 = 4 if r ≠ −1
p \ r = −2
[2a + ( p − 1)d ] p 2 2a + ( p − 1)d p
2 1 also, a = −12 (using (1))
= 2 ⇒ 1 =
q
[2a1 + ( q − 1)d ] q 2a1 + ( q − 1)d q The correct option is (B)
2
2 6 10 10
⎛ p − 1⎞ 152. Let S = 1 + + + + + ...... (1)
a1 + ⎜ d 3 32 33 34
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ p
=
⎛ q − 1⎞ q 1 1 2 6 10
a1 + ⎜ d S = + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... (2)
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 3 3 3 3 3
a6 Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
For , p = 11, q = 41,
a21 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 4 4 4
S ⎜1 − ⎟ = 1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 + ....
a6 11 ⎝ 3⎠ 3 3 3 3
=
a21 41
2 4 4⎛ 1 1 ⎞
The correct option is (D) S = + 2 ⎜1 + + 2 + .... ⎟
3 3 3 ⎝ 3 3 ⎠
1 1 1 1 1 1 ⎛ ⎞
148. Given that − = − = .... = − = d ( say )
a2 a1 a3 a2 an an −1 2 4 4⎜ 1 ⎟ 4 4 3 4 2 6 2 6
⇒ S= + 2⎜ ⎟= + = + = ⇒ S=
3 3 3 ⎜ 1 − 1 ⎟ 3 32 2 3 3 2 3 3
a1 − a2 a −a a −a ⎜ ⎟
Then a1a2 = , a2 a3 = 2 3 ,...., an−1an = n−1 n ⎝ 3⎠
d d d
⇒S =3
a1 − an The correct option is (B)
\ a1a2 + a2 a3 + .... + an−1an =
d
1 1 153. Till 10th minute number of counted notes = 1500
Also, = + ( n − 1)d
an a1 n
3000 = [2 × 148 + ( n − 1)( −2)] = n[148 − n + 1]
a1 − an 2
⇒ = ( n − 1)a1an
d n2−149n + 3000 = 0
The correct option is (D) n = 125, 24
149. Given that ar n-1 n n+1
= ar + ar n = 125 is not possible.
⇒ 1 = r + r2 Total time = 24 + 10 = 34 minutes.
5 −1 The correct option is (A)
\r =
2 154. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ……
The correct option is (D) 200 200 200 240 280 ……. ……..
150. Using the condition A.M. ≥ G.M., we write Sum = 11040
p2 + q2 120 + 80 + 160 + 40 + 200 + 240 + … = 11040
≥ pq
2 n
2
[2a + ( n − 1)d ] + 80 + 40 = 11040
1
⇒ pq ≤
2 n
(p + q)2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq 2
[240 + ( n − 1)40] = 10920
⇒ p+q≤ 2 n [6 + n − 1] = 546
n (n + 5) = 546
The correct option is (D)
2 3 n = 21
151. Let a, ar, ar , ar be the first four terms of a G.P., then
a + ar = 12 (1) The correct option is (C)
ar2 + ar3 = 48 (2) 155. Statement 1 has 20 terms whose sum is 8000
dividing (2) by (1), we have And statement 2 is true and supporting statement 1.
ar 2 (1 + r ) Q kth bracket is (k – 1)2 + k(k – 1) + k2 = 3k2 – 3k + 1.
=4
a( r + 1) The correct option is (B)
156. 100(T100 ) = 50(T50 ) 160. S = 109 + 2 ⋅ 111 ⋅ 108 + ... + 10 ⋅ 119
⇒ 2[a + 99d ] = a + 49d 11
⋅ S = 111 ⋅ 108 + ... + 9 ⋅ 119 + 1110
⇒ a + 149d = 0 10
1
⇒ T150 = 0 ⇒ S = 109 + 111 ⋅ 108 + 112 ⋅ 107 + ... + 119 − 1110
10
The correct option is (D)
⎛ ⎛ 11 ⎞10 ⎞
157. tr = .7 + .77 + . . .r times ⎜ ⎜ ⎟ −1 ⎟
1 10
⇒ S = 109 ⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟ − 1110
(
= 7 10 −1 + 10 −2 + 10 −3 + ..... + 10 − r ) 10 ⎜ 11
⎜ −1 ⎟
⎟
⎜ 10 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
=
7
9
(
1 − 10 − r ) 1 10 10
⇒ S = 11 − 10 − 11 10

Now, 10
20
7⎛ 20 ⎞ S = 1011
S20 = ∑ t r = ⎜⎜ 20 − ∑10 − r ⎟⎟
r =1 9 ⎝ r =1 ⎠ S = 100 ⋅ 109
7⎛ 1
(
= ⎜ 20 − 1 − 10 −20 ⎟ =
9⎝ 9
⎞
⎠
) 7
81
(
179 + 10 −20 ) ⇒ k = 100 .
The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (B)
161. t r =
∑ r 3 = r 2 ( r + 1)2 = 1 (r + 1)2
1 1
158. + =4 ∑ ( 2r − 1) 4r 2 4
a b
1 9
2q = p + r Now, S9 = ∑ ( r + 1)2 , let t = r + 1
4 r =1
⇒ −2(a + b ) = 1 + ab
1 ⎛ 10 2 ⎞
⎛ 1 1⎞
⇒ −2 ⎜ + ⎟ =
1
+1
= ∑ t − 1⎟⎠ = 96 .
4 ⎜⎝ t =1
⎝ a b ⎠ ab
The correct option is (A)
1
⇒ = −9 162. Let ‘a’ be the first term and d be the common difference
ab
2nd term = a + d, 5th term = a + 4d,
Equation having roots a , b is 9 x 2 + 4 x − 1 = 0 9th term = 4 + 8d
−4 ± 16 + 36 a + 4 d a + 8d 4 d 4
a,b = \ Common ratio = = = =
2×9 a+d a + 4 d 3d 3
2 13 The correct option is (C)
a −b = .
9
82 122 16 2
The correct option is (D) 163. Given series is S = + + + …10 terms
52 52 52

159. Let numbers be a, ar , ar 2 42

= ( 22 + 32 + 4 2 + …10 terms)
52
Now, 2( 2ar ) = a + ar 2
[a ≠ 0]
16 ⎛ 11.12.23 ⎞ 16
⇒ 4r = 1 + r 2 = ⎜ − 1⎟ = × 505
25 ⎝ 6 ⎠ 25
⇒ r 2 − 4r + 1 = 0 \ m = 101
⇒r = 2± 3 The correct option is (C)

r = 2 + 3 (Positive value)
The correct option is (D)