Chapter 14 - Multiple Choice Questions (Q86–90) with Correct Answers

1. 86) Which of the following is an artifact of organizational culture?

A) Conscious beliefs

B) Physical structures

C) Unconscious beliefs

D) Implicit mental models

E) Judgements about what is good or bad

2. 87) Which is not an artifact of organizational culture?

A) Stories

B) Ceremonies

C) Physical structures

D) Language

E) Judgements

3. 88) Which of the following is an example of a shared value?

A) Physical layout of a building

B) Stories told by employees

C) Company logos

D) Belief that employees should be customer-focused

E) The design of office furniture

4. 89) Which of the following is NOT considered a shared assumption?

A) Deeply held beliefs

B) Taken-for-granted beliefs
C) Long-lasting mental models

D) Visible behavior

E) Unconscious beliefs

5. 90) Which of the following statements about shared assumptions is TRUE?

A) They are easy to change

B) They are always visible

C) They are unconscious

D) They are shaped by company policies

E) They are external artifacts

6. 91) What are shared assumptions in organizational culture?

A) Observable symbols

B) Unconscious beliefs

C) Written codes of conduct

D) Legal policies

E) Slogans and rituals

7. 92) What is the most visible level of organizational culture?

A) Shared assumptions

B) Values

C) Artifacts

D) Norms

E) Attitudes

8. 93) Artifacts are:

B) Core values of leadership

C) Taken-for-granted assumptions

D) Legal requirements

E) Employee performance measures

9. 94) Which of the following is an example of an organizational artifact?

A) Loyalty

B) Efficiency

C) Dress code

D) Competence

E) Empowerment

10. 95) Organizational stories serve to:

A) Decrease cultural awareness

B) Reinforce company values

C) Promote individualism

D) Avoid emotional connection

E) Weaken group identity

11. 96) Which of the following is an example of a control system?

A) Norms

B) Work culture

C) Behavior reward system

D) Shared beliefs

E) Rituals
12. 97) Which organizational subculture type increases the likelihood of ethical conduct?

A) Counterculture

B) Adaptive culture

C) Dominant culture

D) Fragmented culture

E) Status quo culture

13. 98) Which of the following is NOT a function of organizational culture?

A) Social glue

B) Control system

C) Barrier to change

D) Decision framework

E) Training tool

14. 99) Countercultures within an organization can:

A) Strengthen the dominant culture

B) Create complete cultural unity

C) Undermine the core values

D) Promote bureaucracy

E) Have no influence

15. 100) Subcultures often form within an organization based on:

A) Geography only

B) Nationality only

C) Shared experiences and job functions

E) Random chance

16. 111) What type of culture is characterized by innovation and flexibility?

A) Bureaucratic

B) Counter

C) Adaptive

D) Traditional

E) Mechanistic

17. 112) Which of the following best describes a strong organizational culture?

A) Dominated by external factors

B) Resists reinforcement

C) Widely shared and strongly held values

D) Lacks consistency

E) Frequently changing

18. 113) Which of these is a characteristic of a strong culture?

A) Ambiguity of values

B) Shared assumptions among employees

C) Lack of consensus

D) Wide variety of subcultures

E) Inconsistent messages

19. 114) What is the best strategy for merging two distinct organizational cultures?

A) Assimilation
B) Deculturation

C) Integration

D) Separation

E) Restructuring

20. 115) Assimilation is most appropriate when:

A) Both cultures are weak

B) One culture is dominant and the other willing to embrace it

C) Cultures are completely incompatible

D) There is no trust

E) Resistance is high

21. 116) Which strategy for merging cultures involves removing and replacing existing
cultures?

A) Separation

B) Assimilation

C) Integration

D) Deculturation

E) Substitution

22. 117) Separation as a merger strategy is best when:

A) Cultures are compatible

B) Cultures are highly integrated

C) Cultures remain distinct but share resources

D) Cultures need to be replaced

E) There’s strong cultural dominance

A) Attracting and selecting people with shared values

B) Removing employees who deviate from desired values

C) Rewarding value-consistent behavior

D) Hiring employees who challenge the dominant culture

E) Managing the process of socialization

24. 119) What is organizational socialization?

A) The process of planning employee promotions

B) Ensuring tasks are evenly distributed

C) Learning and adapting to the organizational culture

D) Replacing countercultures

E) Aligning external stakeholders

25. 120) What happens during the encounter stage of socialization?

A) Employees develop informal networks

B) Expectations are confirmed or rejected

C) Employees apply for the job

D) Managers assign mentors

E) Formal training begins

26. 131) Which of the following occurs in the role management stage of socialization?

A) The employee’s first day

B) The organization selects candidates

C) The employee settles into their new role

D) Job preview is provided

27. 132) What is a realistic job preview?

A) Promotion potential in a role

B) A simulation of a work task

C) A balanced overview of job conditions

D) Job interview process

E) Performance evaluation

28. 133) Which of the following reduces reality shock during onboarding?

A) Job rotation

B) Socialization agents

C) Role ambiguity

D) Deculturation

E) Counterculture exposure

29. 134) The psychological contract refers to:

A) A signed agreement for job expectations

B) Employee rights agreement

C) Unwritten expectations between employee and employer

D) Legal workplace policies

E) Disciplinary procedures

30. 135) Reality shock is most likely to occur during which stage?

A) Pre-employment

B) Role management
C) Encounter

D) Resignation

E) Training

31. 136) An adaptive culture is supported by:

A) Centralized decision making

B) Tight control systems

C) A learning orientation

D) Separation of values

E) Formalization

32. 137) Which of the following statements about culture strength is TRUE?

A) Strong cultures always benefit organizations

B) A strong culture always increases adaptability

C) Strong cultures can undermine organizational effectiveness

D) Strong cultures always align with strategic goals

E) Strong cultures reduce employee motivation

33. 138) Artifacts include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Language

B) Stories

C) Rituals

D) Core beliefs

E) Physical layout

34. 139) Which function of culture helps guide decisions in uncertain environments?
A) Social glue

B) Control system

C) Decision framework

D) Assimilation

E) Integration

35. 140) Which merger strategy is used when cultural values are incompatible but need to
coexist?

A) Assimilation

B) Separation

C) Deculturation

D) Integration

E) Substitution

36. 141) A visible sign of organizational culture is called:

A) Value

B) Assumption

C) Artifact

D) Norm

E) Structure

37. 142) Which of these refers to beliefs about what is right or wrong in an organization?

A) Artifacts

B) Shared assumptions

C) Values

D) Symbols

E) Goals
38. 143) Stories in an organization primarily serve to:

A) Entertain employees

B) Reduce costs

C) Communicate values and expected behaviors

D) Promote hierarchy

E) Assess job satisfaction

39. 144) An organization’s dominant culture is typically found in:

A) The mission statement

B) The newest departments

C) The shared values held by most members

D) HR manuals

E) Managerial procedures

40. 145) Subcultures that support the dominant culture are called:

A) Resistant cultures

B) Countercultures

C) Supportive subcultures

D) Adaptive teams

E) Integration clusters

41. 146) Which approach to cultural mergers emphasizes preserving both cultures?

A) Assimilation

B) Integration

C) Deculturation
D) Separation

E) Socialization

42. 147) Employee onboarding programs aim to:

A) Lower training costs

B) Increase turnover

C) Facilitate organizational socialization

D) Identify countercultures

E) Extend recruitment

43. 148) One disadvantage of a strong culture is that it may:

A) Increase employee loyalty

B) Reduce turnover

C) Undermine flexibility

D) Strengthen coordination

E) Improve morale

44. 149) Socialization includes all EXCEPT:

A) Learning organizational values

B) Role management

C) Shared assumptions

D) Job analysis

E) Adjustment

45. 150) The pre-employment stage of socialization involves:

A) Internal promotion
B) Learning expectations before joining

C) Formal job training

D) Working with mentors

E) Job rotation

46. 151) Employees become fully aware of organizational values during:

A) Job interview

B) Pre-employment stage

C) Encounter stage

D) Resignation

E) Reward process

47. 152) Culture is strengthened through:

A) Conflicting feedback

B) Leadership inconsistency

C) Reward systems aligned with values

D) Employee silence

E) Job variety

48. 153) The best way to reduce culture shock is through:

A) Ignoring expectations

B) Early training on tasks

C) Realistic job previews

D) Rewarding adjustment

E) Decentralization
49. 154) Shared assumptions are typically:

A) Taught in orientation

B) Based on personal goals

C) Unconscious and deeply held

D) Written in policy

E) Part of job descriptions

50. 155) Which of these is NOT a typical stage of socialization?

A) Pre-employment

B) Encounter

C) Role management

D) External hiring

E) Adjustment

51. 156) Rituals in organizations serve to:

A) Add entertainment

B) Reinforce cultural values

C) Reduce responsibility

D) Guide only managers

E) Promote resistance

52. 157) The term 'psychological contract' best refers to:

A) Compensation plan

B) A signed contract

C) Implicit mutual expectations

D) Work-life policy
E) Formal training

53. 158) Deculturation may lead to:

A) Employee resistance

B) Stronger onboarding

C) Enhanced performance

D) Rapid mergers

E) Shared leadership

54. 159) Artifacts of culture include all EXCEPT:

A) Stories

B) Layout

C) Values

D) Symbols

E) Language

55. 160) Cultural strength depends on:

A) The size of the company

B) Strategic planning

C) Sharedness and intensity of values

D) Profit margins

E) Policies only

56. 161) Onboarding is a process that occurs in which socialization stage?

A) Role management

B) Encounter
C) Post-employment

D) Pre-employment

E) Conflict resolution