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BJT As An Amplifier and Switch

The document discusses the functioning of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) as amplifiers and switches. It explains the concepts of single-stage and multi-stage amplifiers, including biasing, coupling, and bypass capacitors. Additionally, it describes the ON and OFF states of a transistor in saturation and cut-off conditions, along with the associated DC load line characteristics.

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anjalitiwariat031
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25 views11 pages

BJT As An Amplifier and Switch

The document discusses the functioning of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) as amplifiers and switches. It explains the concepts of single-stage and multi-stage amplifiers, including biasing, coupling, and bypass capacitors. Additionally, it describes the ON and OFF states of a transistor in saturation and cut-off conditions, along with the associated DC load line characteristics.

Uploaded by

anjalitiwariat031
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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F.Y. B.Sc.

(Computer Science)

Semester I
Paper- I (ELC-111)
Semiconductor Devices and
Basic Electronics System
(2 Credit)
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor

Transistor as an amplifier :-

● The main application of a transistor lies in its ability


to amplify weak signals. The transistor alone
cannot perform this function. We have to connect
some passive components (resistor and capacitor)
and a biasing battery. Such a circuit is then called
as an amplifier.

● Thus an amplifier is an electronic circuit that is


capable of amplifying or increasing the level of
signal
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor

Transistor as an amplifier :-Single Stage amplifier


Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor

Transistor as an amplifier :-Single Stage amplifier

● Biasing means it provides d.c. voltage and d.c. current for a transistor to its
operations. The voltage divider method is used for biasing. It provides good
stabilization of operating point

● The design of circuit is simple.

● The Cc are called coupling capacitors and CC is the bypass capacitor.

● The Cc coupling capacitor passes an a.c. signal from one side to other at the same
time. It does not allow the d.c. voltage to pass through, hence, it is also called as
blocking capacitor. Also it couples the Vi input to the base of the transistor.

● The Ce works as a 'bypass capacitor. It bypasses all the AC. currents from emitter
to ground. If Ce, is not put in the circuit, the d.c. voltage developed across Re
which will affect the transistor action through Ce all the low frequency signals pass
from emitter to ground as Xc<< Re./10
● RL represents the resistance, load across this amplifier output is taken out.
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor
Transistor as an amplifier :-Single Stage amplifier
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor
Transistor as an amplifier :-Single Stage amplifier
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor
Transistor as an amplifier :-Multi-Stage amplifier
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor
Transistor as an amplifier :-Multi-Stage amplifier
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor
Transistor as a switch
● A transistor is used as an electronic
switch by driving it either in
saturation or in cut off. The region
between these two is the linear
region.
● A transistor works as a linear
amplifier in this region. The
Saturation and Cut off states
important consideration in this regard.

ON & OFF States of a Transistor

● There are two main regions in the


operation of a transistor which we
can. consider as ON and OFF states.
They are saturation and cut off
states. Let us have a look at the
behavior of a transistor in those two
states.
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor
Transistor as a switch
Operation in Cut-off condition Operation in Saturation region
● The following figure shows a transistor in ● The following figure shows a transistor
cut-off region. in saturation region.

● When the base of the transistor is given ● When the base voltage is positive and
negative, the transistor goes to cut off transistor goes into saturation, lc flows
state. There is no collector current. Hence through Rc
lc = 0 ● Then Vcc drops across Rc. The output
● The voltage Vcc applied at the collector, will be zero.
appears across the collector resistor Rc-
Therefore,
VCE = VCC
Unit 2…
Bipolar Junction Transistor
Transistor as a switch

● Observe the dc load line that connects the lc and Vcc If the transistor is
driven into saturation, Ic flows completely and VCE=0 which is
indicated by the point A

● If the transistor is driven into cut off, lc will be zero and VCE = Vcc
which is indicated by the point B. the line joining the saturation point A
and cut off B is called as Load line. As the voltage applied here is dc, it is
called as DC Load line.

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