MASENO SCHOOL

Calculus
By Patrick Mboya

Mixed Exercise
if y   x 2  1 .
dy 2
1. Find
dx
2. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y  6x2  x  4 at the point A(1,1) .
1 3
3. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y  x 3  x 2  x  2 at a point where x  1 . Give your
3 2
answer in the form ax  by  c  0 where a, b and c are integers.
4. The gradient of the tangent to the curve y  ax3  bx2 at the point A(1, 5) is 12. Find the values of a
and b.
1 1
5. Find the equation of the normal to the curve y  x3  x 2  3x  8 at its y – intercept.
3 2
1 2
6. The gradient of the tangent to the curve y  ax  x  3 x  7 at a point where x  2 is 5. Find the
3

2
value of a.
x  9 x 2  1
7. Find the equation of the normal to the curve y  at a point where x  2 .
3x  1
1 2
8. Determine the point on the curve y  x  4 at which the gradient is 8 hence find the equation of the
2
normal to the curve at this point.
9. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y  x2  3x  7 at a point where the gradient is 5.
10. Find the equations of the tangents to the curve y  5x  x2 at the points where it intersects with the line
yx.
11. Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y   x3  3x2  9 x  6.
12. Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y  2 x3  3x2  36x  8 .
13. Given that y  x3  4 x , find:
(a) The intercepts of the curve.
(b) The stationary points of the curve.
14. Investigate the stationary points for the curve y  2 x3  5 .
15. Identify the stationary points for the curve y  2 x2  x4  2
dy
16. The gradient of a curve is given by  3 x 2  8 x  2 . If the curve passes through a point (2,5) , find its
dx
equation.
dy
17. The gradient of a curve is given by  4 x  2 . If the minimum value of the curve is 7, find its
dx
equation.
4

  3t  4t  10  dt
2
18. Evaluate
t 2
3
19. Find the value of a if   2 x  4  dx  25 .
a

20. A rectangle with maximum possible area is inscribed in a right triangle with base 12 cm and height 7 cm.
Determine the dimensions of the rectangle.
 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
Area Under a Curve
1. In the figure below, the shaded region is bounded between the line y  15 x and the curve y  3x 2 .

(a) Determine the coordinates of P. (3 marks)

(b) By integration, determine the area of the shaded

region. (3 marks)

(c) Estimate the area of the shaded region using

trapezoidal rule with 5 strips. (4 marks)

2. (a) Complete the table below for the function y  x 2  3x  6 in the range 2  x  8 . (2 marks)

x 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y

(b) Use the trapezium rule with 5 strips to estimate the area bounded by the curve y  x 2  3x  6 ,
the lines x  2 , x  8 and the x – axis. (3 marks)
(c) Use mid – ordinate rule with 5 strips to estimate the area bounded by the curve y  x 2  3x  6 ,
the lines x  2 , x  8 and the x – axis. (2 marks)
(d) By integration, determine the actual area bounded by the curve y  x 2  3x  6 , the lines
x  2 , x  8 and the x – axis. (3 marks)

3. The diagram shows a sketch of a curve y  x 2  3x  6 intersecting with the line x  y  14 for
2  x  4 at points P and Q.

(a) Find the coordinates of points P and Q. (1 mark)

(b) Fill the table below for the values of y for y  x  3x  6 . 2
(2 marks)

x 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
y

(c) Determine the area bounded by the curve y  x 2  3x  6 and the line x  y  14 , using
trapezium rule with 6 strips. (4 marks)
(d) Calculate the exact area of the shaded region. (3 marks)

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 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
4. The shaded region in the figure below is bounded by the curve y  x 2 and the lines y  4 and y  16 .

(a) Calculate the exact area of the shaded region. (4 marks)

(b) Estimate the area of the shaded region using:
(i) Trapezium rule and a height of 1 unit. (3 marks)
(ii) Mid – ordinate rule and a height of 1 unit. (3 marks)

c
5. (a) Complete the table below for y  3sin 2 x in the range 0c  x  to 4 s.f. (2 marks)
2
xc 0 1
12
 1
6
 1
4
 1
3
 5
12
 1
2

y

c
(b) Estimate the area bounded by the curve y  3sin 2 x for 0c  x  using:
2
(i) Trapezium rule and 7 ordinates. (3 marks)
(ii) Mid ordinate rule and 3 strips. (3 marks)
1
2

(c) Given that  3sin 2 xdx  3 , calculate the error in (b) (i) and (ii) above.
0
(2 marks)

6. The figure below shows a semi – circle centre (3,0) and radius 3 units.

(a) Estimate the area of the semi – circle using:

(i) Trapezoidal rule and 6 strips (4 marks)
(ii) Mid – ordinate rule and 6 strips. (4 marks)
(b) Find, in terms of  , the error in the area of the semi – circle when mid – ordinate rule is used as in
(a) (ii) above. (2 marks)

7. A region R is bounded by the curve y  x3 , the x – axis and the ordinates x  3 and x  3 . Determine:
(a) The exact area of the region R. (4 marks)
(b) Estimate the area of the region R using the mid – ordinate rule and 6 ordinates. (4 marks)
(c) Calculate the percentage error in the area of R in (b) above. (2 marks)
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 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
8. In the figure below, the shaded region is bounded by the curve y  x3  3x  13x  15 and the straight
line y  9 x  9 .
(a) Calculate the exact area of the
shaded region. (4 marks)

(b) Estimate the area of the shaded

region using trapezium rule with 10
strips. (4 marks)

(c) Hence determine the percentage

error in the area in (b) above.
(2 marks)

9. In the figure below, the curves y  x2 and y  8  x2 intersect at Q.

(a) Determine the coordinates of Q. (1 mark)

(b) By integration, calculate the area of the shaded region. (3 marks)
(c) Estimate the area of the shaded region using:
(i) Trapezium rule with 4 strips. (3 marks)
(ii) Mid – ordinate rule with 4 strips. (3 marks)

10. In the figure below, the shaded region is bounded by the lines y  2 x, y  x and the curve y  6x  x2 .
The two straight lines intersect the curve at points P and Q respectively.

(a) Determine the coordinates of points

P and Q. (2 marks)

(b) Calculate the exact area of the

shaded region. (4 marks)

(c) Taking the height of each

trapezium as 1 unit, estimate the
area of the shaded region.
(4 marks)

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 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
Differentiation and Integration
1. The curve y  x3  2 x 2  kx  12 where k is a constant passes through a point P(2, 10) .

(a) Find the value of k. (2 marks)

(b) Find the equation of a normal to the curve at P. (4 marks)
(c) Investigate the turning points of the curve. (4 marks)

2. A curve is represented by the function y  x3  4 x2  5x  2 .

dy
(a) Find . (1 mark)
dx
(b) (i) Determine the stationary points of the curve. (4 marks)
(ii) For each stationary point, determine whether it is a minimum, a maximum or a point of
inflection. (2 marks)
(c) In the space provided, sketch the curve of the function y  x  4 x  5x  2 .
3 2
(3 marks)

3. The equation of a curve is y  3x 2  x3

(a) Find:
(i) The x  intercepts of the curve (2 marks)
(ii) The y  intercept of the curve. (1 mark)
(b) (i) Determine the stationary points of the curve. (3 marks)
(ii) For each point in (b) (i) above, determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum. (2 marks)

(c) Sketch the curve. (2 marks)

4. The equation of a curve is given by y  x3  6 x 2  9 x .

Find
(a) The coordinates of the x  intercepts (3 marks)
(b) The coordinates of the stationary points of the curve (4 marks)
(c) Clearly sketch the curve (3 marks)

dy
5. The gradient function of a curve is given by  3x 2  12 x  15 . The curve passes through the point
dx
P ( 1, 4) .

(a) Determine the equation of the curve. (4 marks)

(b) Find the stationary points of the curve, and for each point, determine its nature. (3 marks)
(c) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at P. (3 marks)

1
6. The gradient of a curve at point ( x, y ) is 4 x  3 . The curve has a minimum value of  .
8

(a) Find:
i) The value of x at the minimum point. (1 mark)
ii) The equation of the curve. (4 marks)
(b) P is a point on the curve in part (a) (ii) above. If the gradient of the curve at P is 7 , find the
coordinates of P. (3 marks)
(c) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at P. (2 marks)

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 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
dy
7. The gradient of a curve is given as  x 2  x  a where a is a constant. If one of the turning points of
dx
the curve is  3,32 12  , determine:
(a)
The value of a . (2 marks)
(b)
The equation of the curve. (3 marks)
(c)
The other turning point. (3 marks)
(d)
The nature of the turning points of the curve. (2 marks)
1 3
8. A curve is represented by the function y  x  x  3 x  2 .
2

(a) Find the y – intercept of the curve. (1 mark)

(b) Determine;
dy
i) (1 mark)
dx
ii) The turning points of the curve. (4 marks)
(c) For each turning point, determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum. (3 marks)
(d) Sketch the curve. (1 mark)

9. A square sheet of paper measuring 12 cm by 12 cm has small squares removed from each corner and
then folded to form an open box. Taking the side of each squares removed as x cm :
(a) Find an expression of the volume V of the box in terms of x . (2 marks)
(b) Find:
(i) The dimensions of the box for which the volume is maximum. (4 marks)
(ii) The maximum volume of the box. (1 mark)
(c) Calculate the surface area of the open box. (3 marks)

10. A right circular cone of height h cm is inscribed in a sphere of radius 10 cm as shown in the figure
below.

(a) Find an expression for the radius of the cone in terms of h. (3 marks)

(b) Find the value of h for which the volume of the cone is a maximum. (3 marks)

(c) Calculate in terms of  , the difference between the volume of the sphere and largest possible
volume of the cone. (4 marks)

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 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
Kinematics
A particle moves in a straight line such that the displacement S  2t  5t  4t  3 , where t is time in
3 2
1.
seconds. Find:

a) The displacement of the particle at t  4 . (2 marks)

b) The velocity of the particle when t  2 . (3 marks)
c) The values of t when the particle is momentarily at rest. (3 marks)
d) The acceleration of the particle when t  1 (2 marks)

2. The displacement S metres of a moving particle after t seconds is given by S  2t 3  t 2  4t.

Determine

(a) The velocity of the particle when t = 3 seconds. (3 marks)

(b) The value of t when the particle is momentarily at rest. (3 marks)
(c) The displacement when the particle is momentarily at rest. (2 marks)
(d) The acceleration of the particle when t = 2 seconds. (2 marks)

3. A particle moves in a straight line from a fixed point. Its velocity V m/s after t seconds is given by
V  4t 2  5t  1 .
Find:

(a) The acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds. (2 marks)

(b) The distance travelled by the particle during the third second. (3 marks)
(c) The time when;
(i) The particle will be momentary at rest. (3 marks)
(ii) The particle will attain minimum velocity. (2 marks)

4. A particle moves along path OR such that t seconds after leaving point O, its velocity V m/s is given by
V  4t 2  kt  9 , where k is a constant. The particle is momentarily at rest at R when the time is 1.5
seconds. Determine

(a) The value of k (2 marks)

(b) The distance from O to R (3 marks)
(c) Find the distance covered in the third second (3 marks)
(d) The particle’s acceleration when t = 1 second (2 marks)

5. The acceleration of a body moving along a straight line is (4  t )m / s 2 and its velocity is v m / s after t
seconds.

(a) If the initial velocity of the body is 3 m/s;

i) Express the velocity v in terms of t . (3 marks)
ii) Find the velocity of the body after 2 seconds. (2 marks)
(b) Calculate:
i) The time taken to attain the maximum velocity. (2 marks)
ii) The distance covered by the body to attain the maximum velocity. (3 marks)

7
 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
6. A particle moves along a straight line such that its displacement, S (m) from a given point is
S  t 3  3t 2  5 , where t is time in seconds. Find:
(a) The displacement of the particle during the 4th second. (2 marks)
(b) The velocity of the particle when t  5 . (3 marks)
(c) The values of t when the particle is momentarily at rest. (3 marks)
(d) The acceleration of the particle when t  2 . (2 marks)

7. A particle moving in a straight line is such that its displacement S metres from a point is
S  t 3  6t 2  2t  3 where t is time in seconds. Find:
(a) The displacement of the particle at t  3 . (2 marks)
(b) The velocity of the particle when t  4 . (2 marks)
(c) The value of t when the particle is momentarily at rest. (3 marks)
(d) The minimum velocity attained by the particle. (3 marks)

8. The velocity V m/s of a particle projected into space is given by the formula V  4t 2  2t  9 , where t is
time in seconds. Determine:
(a) The acceleration of the particle when t  2 seconds. (3 marks)
(b) The value of t when velocity is minimum. (2 marks)
(c) The minimum velocity attained by the particle. (2 marks)
nd
(d) The distance covered during the 2 second. (3 marks)

9. The acceleration of a particle t seconds after passing a fixed point P is given by a  3t  3 . Given that
the velocity of the particle when t  2 seconds is 5m / s , find:
(a) Its velocity:
(i) In terms of t . (3 marks)
(ii) When t  4 seconds. (2 marks)
(b) The maximum velocity attained by the particle. (2 marks)
(c) Its displacement during the third second. (3 marks)

10. A particle moves in a straight line so that t seconds after passing through a fixed point O, its velocity
V m/s is given by the equation V  20t  2t 2 . Find:
(a) Velocity at t  6 seconds. (2 marks)
(b) The initial acceleration of the particle. (2 marks)
(c) The maximum velocity attained by the particle. (3 marks)
(d) The displacement of the particle during the 5th second. (3 marks)

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 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
Answers
Mixed exercise
dy 10. y  5x, y  3x  16
1.  4 x3  4 x
dx 11. (3, 21) and ( 1, 11)
2. y  11x  10 12. (3, 89) and (2,36)
3. 6x  6 y  7  0 13. (a) x  0, x  2, x  2, y  0
4. a  2, b  3 (b) (1.1547, 3.0792), (1.1547,3.0792)
1
5. y   x8 14. (0,5) point of inflection
3
15. (0, 2) min , (1,3) max , ( 1,3) min
1
6. a 16. y  x3  4 x 2  2 x  9
2
7. x  11y  112  0 17. y  2x2  2x  7 12
8. x  8 y  296  0 18. 100
9. y  5x  9 19. a  2
20. 6cm by 3.5cm
Area Under a Curve
1. (a) P (5, 75) (b) 62 12 (c) 60 6. (a) (i) 13 (ii) 14 52 (b) E  92  14 52
2. (b) 150 (c) 140 (d) 143 13 7. (a) 40 12 (b) 38 14 (c) 5 95 %
3. (a) P ( 2,16), Q (4,10) (c) 35 (d) 36 8. (a) 312 12 (b) 300 (c) 4%
4. (a) 37 13 (b) (i) 37 (ii) 37 12 9. (a) Q (2, 4) (b) 10 32 (c) (i) 10 12 (ii) 10 34
5. (b) (i) 2.9311 (ii) 3.142 (c) 0.0689, 0.142 10. (a) P (4,8), Q(5,5) (b) 10 16 (c) 10
Differentiation and Integration
1. (a) k  11 (b) x  7 y  72 (c) (2.694, 12.60) min, (1.361, 20.75) max

 3x 2  8x  5 (b) (i) 1 32 ,  274  min, 1,0 max

dy
2. (a)
dx

3. (a) (i) x  0, x  3 (ii) y  0 (b) (i) (0, 0) max, ( 2, 4) min

9
 Differentiation, Area Approximation and Integration
4. (a) (0, 0), (3, 0) (b) (3, 0) min, (1, 4) max

5. (a) y  x3  6 x 2  15 x  16 (b) (1, 24) min, (5,84) max (c) x  24 y  97  0

6. (a) (i) x  3
4
(ii) y  2 x 2  3x  1 (b) P (1, 6) (c) x  7 y  43  0
7. (a) a  12 (b) y  13 x3  12 x2  12x  10 (c)  4, 24 32  (d)  3,32 12  max,  4, 24 32  min

 x 2  2 x  3 (ii) 1, 13  min,  3,11 max (d) sketch

dy
8. (a) y  int .  2 (b) (i)
dx

9. (a) V  4 x3  48x2  144 x (b) (i) x  2cm , Dimensions: 8cm by 8cm by 2cm (ii) V  128 (c) S.A  128

10. (a) r  20h  h2 (b) h  13 13 cm (c) 938 22

81
 cm3
Kinematics
1. (a) 67 (b) 8 (c) 1 sec, 2
sec (d) 2 6. (a) 16 (b) 45 (c) t  0, t  2 (d) 6
3

2. (a) 44 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 22 7. (a) 18 (b) 2 (c) t  3.826, t  0.1743 (d) 10
3. (a) 11 (b) 13 56 (c) (i) t  1, t  14 (ii) 5 8. (a) 14 (b) t  14 (c) V  8 34 (d) 15 13
8

4. (a) k  12 (b) 4 12 (c) 4 13 (d) a  4 9. (a) (i) V  32 t 2  3t  5 (ii) 17 (b) 3 12 (c) 7

5. (a) (i) V  4t  12 t 2  3 (ii) 9 (b) (i) 4 (ii) 33 13 10. (a) 48 (b) 20 (c) 50 (d) 49 13

END

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