ANSWERS 439

ANSWERS
EXERCISE 7.1

1 1 1 2x
1. − cos 2 x 2. sin 3x 3. e
2 3 2
1 1 4 4 3x
4. ( ax + b)3 5. − cos 2 x − e 3 x 6. e + x+C
3a 2 3 3
x3 ax 3 bx 2 2 3 x
7. − x+C 8. + + cx + C 9. x +e +C
3 3 2 3

x2 x2 4
10. + log x − 2 x + C 11. + 5x + + C
2 2 x
7 3
2 2 x3
12. x + 2 x2 + 8 x + C 13. + x+C
7 3
3 5 7 5 3
2 2 2 2 6 2 4 2
14. x − x +C 15. x + x + 2x 2 + C
3 5 7 5
3
2 3 10
16. x − 3sin x + e + C
2 x
17. x + 3cos x + x 2 + C
3 3
18. tan x + sec x + C 19. tan x – x + C
20. 2 tan x – 3 sec x + C 21. C
22. A

EXERCISE 7.2

1
1. log (1 + x2) + C 2. (log| x |)3 + C 3. log 1+ log x + C
3
1
4. cos (cos x) + C 5. − cos 2(ax + b) + C
4a
3 5 3
2 2 4
6. (ax + b) 2 + C 7. ( x + 2) 2 − ( x + 2) 2 + C
3a 5 3

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440 MATHEMATICS

3 3
1 4 2
8. (1+ 2 x 2 ) 2 + C 9. ( x + x + 1) 2 + C 10. 2log x −1 +C
6 3
2
11. x + 4( x − 8) + C
3
7 4 1
1 3 1 − +C
12. ( x − 1) 3 + ( x 3 −1) 3 + C 13.
7 4 18(2 + 3 x3 )2

(log x )1− m 1 1 2 x+3

14. +C 15. − log | 9 − 4x 2 | + C 16. e +C
1− m 8 2

1
17. − 2 +C 18. e tan
−1
x
+C 19. log (e x + e − x ) +C
2ex

1 1
20. log (e 2 x + e −2 x ) + C 21. tan (2 x − 3) − x + C
2 2

1 1
22. − tan (7 − 4 x) + C 23. (sin −1 x )2 + C
4 2

1 1
24. log 2sin x + 3cos x + C 25. +C
2 (1 − tan x)
3
1
26. 2sin x + C 27. (sin 2 x) 2 + C 28. 2 1+sin x + C
3

1 1
29. (logsin x) 2 + C 30. – log 1+ cos x + C 31. +C
2 1+ cos x

x 1 x 1
32. − log cos x + sin x + C 33. − log cos x − sin x + C
2 2 2 2
1 1
34. 2 tan x + C 35. (1+ log x )3 + C 36. ( x + log x)3 + C
3 3
1
37. − cos (tan −1 x 4 ) + C 38. D
4
39. B

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 ANSWERS 441

EXERCISE 7.3

x 1 1 1
1. − sin (4 x + 10) + C 2. − cos 7 x + cos x + C
2 8 14 2
1 1 1 1 
3. sin 12 x + x + sin 8 x + sin 4 x  + C
4  12 8 4 
1 1 1 1
4. − cos (2 x + 1) + cos3 (2 x + 1) + C 5. cos 6 x − cos 4 x + C
2 6 6 4
1 1 1 1 
6.  cos 6 x − cos 4 x − cos 2 x  + C
4 6 4 2 
1 1 1  x
7.  sin 4 x − sin 12 x  + C 8. 2 tan − x + C
2 4 12  2
x 3x 1 1
9. x − tan + C 10. − sin 2 x + sin 4 x + C
2 8 4 32
3x 1 1
11. + sin 4 x + sin 8 x + C 12. x – sin x + C
8 8 64
1
13. 2 (sinx + x cosα) + C 14. − +C
cos x +sin x

1 3 1 1 3
15. sec 2 x − sec 2 x + C 16. tan x − tan x + x + C
6 2 3
17. sec x – cosec x + C 18. tan x + C
1 2
19. log tan x + tan x + C 20. log cos x + sin x + C
2

π x x2 1 cos ( x − a )
21. − +C 22. log +C
2 2 sin (a − b) cos ( x − b)
23. A 24. B

EXERCISE 7.4
1
1. tan −1 x 3 + C 2. log 2 x + 1 + 4 x 2 + C
2

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442 MATHEMATICS

1 1 –1 5 x
3. log +C 4. sin +C
2 − x + x − 4x + 5
2
5 3

3 −1 1 1 + x3
5. tan 2 x +C
2
6. log +C
2 2 6 1 − x3

1
7. x 2 − 1 − log x + x 2 − 1 + C 8. log x3 + x 6 + a6 + C
3

9. log tan x + tan x + 4 + C 10. log x + 1+ x + 2 x + 2 + C

2 2

11. 12.

3
13. log x – + x − 3x + 2 + C
2
14.
2

a +b
15. log x – + ( x − a) ( x − b) + C
2

16. 2 2x 2 + x − 3 + C 17. x2 − 1 + 2log x + x 2 −1 + C

18.

9
19. 6 x – 9x + 20 + 34 log x − + x − 9 x + 20 + C
2 2
2

20.

21. x 2 + 2 x +3 + log x + 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 3 + C

1 2 x −1− 6
22. log x 2 − 2 x − 5 + log +C
2 6 x −1 + 6

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 ANSWERS 443

23. 5 x + 4 x +10 − 7 log x + 2 + x + 4 x + 10 + C

2 2

24. B 25. B

EXERCISE 7.5

( x + 2) 2 1 x−3
1. log +C 2. log +C
x +1 6 x+3
3. log x − 1 − 5log x − 2 + 4log x − 3 + C
1 3
4. log x − 1 − 2log x − 2 + log x − 3 + C
2 2
x 3
5. 4log x +2 − 2log x + 1 + C 6. + log x − log 1 − 2 x + C
2 4
1 1 1
7. log x − 1 − log ( x 2 + 1) + tan −1 x + C
2 4 2
2 x −1 1 1 x +1 4
8. log − +C 9. log − +C
9 x + 2 3( x − 1) 2 x −1 x −1
5 1 12
10. log x + 1 − log x − 1 − log 2 x + 3 + C
2 10 5
5 5 5
11. log x + 1 − log x + 2 + log x − 2 + C
3 2 6
x2 1 3
12. + log x + 1 + log x − 1 + C
2 2 2
1
13. – log x − 1 + log (1 + x2) + tan–1x + C
2
7 1 x −1 1
14. 3log x + 2 + +C 15. log − tan −1 x + C
x+2 4 x +1 2
1 xn 2 – sin x
16. log n +C 17. log +C
n x +1 1– sinx
2 x x
18. x+ tan −1 − 3tan −1 + C 19.
3 3 2

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444 MATHEMATICS

1 x4 − 1  ex – 1 
20. log +C 21. log  x  + C
4 x4  e 
22. B 23. A

EXERCISE 7.6
x 1
1. – x cos x + sin x + C 2. − cos3x + sin 3x + C
3 9
x2 x2
3. ex (x2 – 2x + 2) + C 4. log x − + C
2 4
x2 x2 x3 x3
5. log 2 x − + C 6. log x − + C
2 4 3 9

1 x 1 − x2 x2 x 1
7. (2 x 2 − 1) sin −1 x + +C 8. tan −1 x − + tan −1 x + C
4 4 2 2 2
cos –1 x x
9. (2 x − 1) − 1 − x2 + C
2
4 4

(sin x)
2
10. –1
x + 2 1 − x2 sin −1 x − 2 x + C

11. – 1–x2 cos –1 x + x + C 12. x tan x + log cos x + C

1 x2 x2 x2
13. x tan −1 x − log (1+ x 2 ) + C 14. (log x ) 2
− log x + +C
2 2 2 4

15. 16. ex sin x + C

ex x
17. +C 18. e tan + C
x
1+ x 2

ex ex
19. +C 20. +C
x ( x − 1) 2
e2 x
21. (2sin x − cos x) + C 22. 2x tan–1x – log (1 + x2) + C
5
23. A 24. B

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 ANSWERS 445

EXERCISE 7.7

1 x 1 −1 1
1. x 4 − x 2 + 2sin −1 + C 2. sin 2 x + x 1 − 4 x 2 + C
2 2 4 2
(x +2) 2
3. x + 4 x + 6 + log x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 6 + C
2
(x +2) 2 3
4. x + 4 x + 1 − log x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 1 + C
2 2

5.

(x +2) 2 9
6. x + 4 x − 5 − log x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x − 5 + C
2 2

7.

2x +3 2 9 3
8. x + 3 x − log x + + x 2 + 3x + C
4 8 2

x 2 3
9. x + 9 + log x + x 2 + 9 + C
6 2
10. A 11. D

EXERCISE 7.8
3 64
1. 2 2. log 3.
2 3
1
4. 5. 0 6. e4 (e – 1)
2

1 π
7. log 2 8. 9.
2 2
π 1 3 π
10. 11. log 12.
4 2 2 4

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446 MATHEMATICS

1 1 3
13. log 2 14. log 6 + tan −1 5
2 5 5
1
15. (e – 1) 16.
2

π4 π 3π
17. + +2 18. 0 19. 3log 2 +
1024 2 8

4 2 2
20. 1 + − 21. D 22. C
π π

EXERCISE 7.9

1 64 π
1. log 2 2. 3. – log 2
2 231 2
16 2 π 1 21+ 5 17
4. ( 2 + 1) 5. 6. log
15 4 17 4

π e2 (e 2 − 2)
7. 8. 9. D
8 4
10. B

EXERCISE 7.10
π π π π
1. 2. 3. 4.
4 4 4 4
1
5. 29 6. 9 7. (n + 1) ( n + 2)

π 16 2 π 1 π
8. log 2 9. 10. log 11.
8 15 2 2 2
12. π 13. 0 14. 0 15. 0
a
16. – π log 2 17. 18. 5 20. C
2
21. C

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 ANSWERS 447

MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE ON CHAPTER 7

1 x2
1. log +C 2.
2 1 − x2

2 ( a − x)
3. – +C 4.
a x
1 1 1
5. 2 x − 3x 3 + 6x 6 − 6log (1+ x6 ) + C
1 1 3 x
6. − log x + 1 + log ( x 2 + 9) + tan −1 + C
2 4 2 3
x3
7. sin a log sin ( x − a ) + x cos a + C 8. +C
3
1
9. 10. − sin 2 x + C
2
1 cos ( x + b ) 1 −1 4
11. log + C 12. sin ( x ) + C
sin (a – b) cos( x + a ) 4

1 −1 1 x
13. 14. tan x − tan −1 + C
3 6 2
1 1
15. − cos4 x + C 16. log ( x 4 + 1) + C
4 4
[f (ax + b)]n +1 –2 sin ( x + α )
17. +C 18. +C
a (n+1) sin α sin x

19. –2 1– x + cos −1 x + x − x 2 + C

1
20. ex tan x + C 21. − 2log x +1 − + 3log x + 2 + C
x +1

22. 23.

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448 MATHEMATICS

π π
24. e 2 25.
8

π ( 3 − 1)
26. 27. 2sin −1
6 2

4 2 1
28. 29. log 9
3 40
π 19
30. −1 31.
2 2
38. A 39. B
40. D

EXERCISE 8.1
1. 12π 2. 6π 3. A 4. B

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 8

7
1. (i) (ii) 624.8
3
2. 9 3. 4 4. D 5. C

EXERCISE 9.1
1. Order 4; Degree not defined 2. Order 1; Degree 1
3. Order 2; Degree 1 4. Order 2; Degree not defined
5. Order 2; Degree 1 6. Order 3; Degree 2
7. Order 3; Degree 1 8. Order 1; Degree 1
9. Order 2; Degree 1 10. Order 2; Degree 1
11. D 12. A

EXERCISE 9.2
11. D 12. D

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 ANSWERS 449

EXERCISE 9.3
x
1. y = 2 tan−x+C 2. y = 2 sin (x + C)
2
3. y = 1 + Ae–x 4. tan x tan y = C
x3
5. y = log (ex + e–x) + C 6. tan –1 y = x + +C
3
7. y = ecx 8. x – 4 + y –4 =C
9. y = x sin–1x + 1– x 2 + C 10. tan y = C ( 1 – ex)

11.

1  x 2 −1  1 3
12. y = log  2  − log 13.
2  x  2 4
14. y = sec x 15. 2y – 1 = ex ( sin x – cos x)
16. y – x + 2 = log (x2 (y + 2)2) 17. y2 – x2 = 4
1
18. (x + 4)2 = y + 3 19. (63t + 27) 3
20. 6.93% 21. Rs 1648

22. 23. A

EXERCISE 9.4
−y
1. ( x − y) = Cx e
2 x
2. y = x log x + Cx

y 1
3. tan –1   = log ( x 2 + y 2 ) + C 4. x2 + y2 = Cx
x 2
1 x + 2y
5. log = log x + C 6. y + x 2 + y 2 = Cx 2
2 2 x− 2y

y   y y
7. xy cos =C 8. x 1 − cos    = Csin  
x  x x

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450 MATHEMATICS

x
y
9. cy = log –1 10. ye y + x = C
x
y π
11. log ( x2 + y2) + 2 tan–1 = + log 2
x 2
 y
12. y + 2x = 3x2 y 13. cot   = log ex
x

 y y=
2x
( x ≠ 0, x ≠ e)
14. cos   = log ex 15.
 x 1 − log x
16. C 17. D

EXERCISE 9.5
1
1. y = (2sin x – cos x) + C e–2x 2. y = e–2x + Ce–3x
5
x4
3. xy = +C 4. y (sec x + tan x) = sec x + tan x – x + C
4
x2
5. y = (tan x – 1) + C e–tanx 6. y= (4log x − 1) + Cx −2
16
−2
7. y log x = (1 + log x ) + C 8. y = (1+ x ) −1 log sin x + C (1+ x 2 ) −1
x
1 C
9. y = − cot x + 10. (x + y + 1) = C ey
x x sin x

y2 C
11. x= + 12. x = 3y2 + Cy
3 y

π
13. y = cos x – 2 cos2 x 14. y (1 + x2) = tan–1 x –
4
15. y = 4 sin3 x – 2 sin2 x 16. x + y + 1 = ex
17. y = 4 – x – 2 ex 18. C 19. D

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 9

1. (i) Order 2; Degree 1 (ii) Order 1; Degree 3
(iii) Order 4; Degree not defined

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 ANSWERS 451

sec x
4. sin–1y + sin–1x = C 6. cos y =
2
x
π
7. tan–1 y + tan–1(ex) = 8. e y = y + C
2
9. log x – y = x + y + 1 10. y e2 x
= (2 x + C)

π2 2 x +1
11. y sin x = 2 x 2 − (sin x ≠ 0) 12. y = log , x ≠ −1
2 x +1
13. C 14. C
15. C

EXERCISE 10.1
1. In the adjoining figure, the vector represents the required displacement.

2. (i) scalar (ii) vector (iii) scalar (iv) scalar (v) scalar
(vi) vector
3. (i) scalar (ii) scalar (iii) vector (iv) vector (v) scalar
4. (i) Vectors and are coinitial
(ii) Vectors and are equal
(iii) Vectors and are collinear but not equal
5. (i) True (ii) False (iii) False (iv) False

EXERCISE 10.2

1.
2. An infinite number of possible answers.

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452 MATHEMATICS

3. An infinite number of possible answers.

4. x = 2, y = 3 5. – 7 and 6; –7 iˆ and 6 ˆj
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2 ˆ
6. − 4 ˆj − kˆ 7. i+ j+ k
6 6 6
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
8. i+ j+ k 9. i+ k
3 3 3 2 2
40 ˆ 8 ˆ 16 ˆ 1 2 3
10. i− j+ k 12. , ,
30 30 30 14 14 14
1 2 2 1 4 1
13. − ,− , 15. (i) − iˆ + ˆj + kˆ (ii) −3iˆ + 3 kˆ
3 3 3 3 3 3
16. 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ 18. (C) 19. (B), (C), (D)

EXERCISE 10.3

π
1. 2. 3. 0
4

60 16 2 2 2
4. 6. , 7.
114 3 7 3 7

8. 9. 13 10. 8

−3
12. Vector can be any vector 13.
2
14. Take any two non-zero perpendicular vectors and

15. 18. (D)

EXERCISE 10.4

2 2ˆ 1ˆ π 1 1 1
1. 19 2 2. ± iˆ j k 3. ; , ,
3 3 3 3 2 2 2
27
5. 3, 6. Either
2

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 ANSWERS 453

8. No; take any two nonzero collinear vectors

9. 61 10. 15 2 11. (B) 12. (C)

2

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 10

3ˆ 1 ˆ
1. i+ j
2 2

2. x2 – x1 , y2 – y1 , z2 − z1; ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 + ( z2 − z1 ) 2

−5 ˆ 3 3 ˆ
3. i+ j
2 2
r
4. No; take , and c to represent the sides of a triangle.
1 3 10 ˆ 3 ˆ 3 ˆ 2 ˆ
5. ± 6. 10 iˆ + j 7. i− j+ k
3 2 2 22 22 22

1 ˆ
8. 2 : 3 9. 3 + 5 10. (3i – 6 ˆj + 2kˆ); 11 5
7
1
12. (160iˆ – 5 ˆj + 70kˆ) 13. λ = 1 16. (B)
3
17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (B)

EXERCISE 11.1
−1 1 1 1 1
1. 0, , 2. ± ,± ,± 3.
2 2 3 3 3
−2 −2 3 −2 −3 −2 4 5 −1
5. , , ; , , ; , ,
17 17 17 17 17 17 42 42 42

EXERCISE 11.2

4. , where λ is a real number

5. and cartesian form is
x −2 y + 1 z − 4
= =
1 2 −1

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454 MATHEMATICS

x+2 y−4 z+5

6. = =
3 5 6
r
7. r = (5 iˆ − 4 ˆj + 6 kˆ) + λ (3 iˆ + 7 ˆj + 2 kˆ)

−1  19  −1  8 
8. (i) θ = cos   (ii) θ = cos  
 21  5 3 

−1  26  −1  2 
9. (i) θ = cos   (ii) θ = cos  
 9 38   3
70 3 2
10. p= 12. 13. 2 29
11 2
3 8
14. 15.
19 29

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 11

x y z −10
1. 90° 2. = = 3. k=
1 0 0 7

4. 9 5.

EXERCISE 12.1
1. Maximum Z = 16 at (0, 4)
2. Minimum Z = – 12 at (4, 0)

235  20 45 
3. Maximum Z = at  , 
19  19 19 

 3 1
4. Minimum Z = 7 at  , 
2 2
5. Maximum Z = 18 at (4, 3)
6. Minimum Z = 6 at all the points on the line segment joining the points (6, 0)
and (0, 3).

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 ANSWERS 455

7. Minimum Z = 300 at (60, 0);

Maximum Z = 600 at all the points on the line segment joining the points (120, 0)
and (60, 30).
8. Minimum Z = 100 at all the points on the line segment joining the points (0, 50)
and (20, 40);
Maximum Z = 400 at (0, 200)
9. Z has no maximum value
10. No feasible region, hence no maximum value of Z.

EXERCISE 13.1

2 1 16
1. P ( E|F) = , P ( F|E ) = 2. P ( A|B) =
3 3 25
3. (i) 0.32 (ii) 0.64 (iii) 0.98
11
4.
26
4 4 2
5. (i) (ii) (iii)
11 5 3
1 3 6
6. (i) (ii) (iii)
2 7 7
7. (i) 1 (ii) 0
1 1 1
8. 9. 1 10. (a) , (b)
6 3 9
1 1 1 2 3 1
11. (i) , (ii) , (iii) ,
2 3 2 3 4 4
1 1 5
12. (i) (ii) 13.
2 3 9
1
14. 15. 0 16. C 17. D
15

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456 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 13.2
3 25 44
1. 2. 3.
25 102 91
4. A and B are independent 5. A and B are not independent
6. E and F are not independent
1 1
7. (i) p= (ii) p=
10 5
8. (i) 0.12 (ii) 0.58 (iii) 0.3 (iv) 0.4
3
9. 10. A and B are not independent
8
11. (i) 0.18 (ii) 0.12 (iii) 0.72 (iv) 0.28
7 16 20 40
12. 13. (i) , (ii) , (iii)
8 81 81 81
2 1 1 1 1
14. (i) , (ii) 15. (i) , (ii) 16. (a) , (b) , (c)
3 2 5 3 2
17. D 18. B

EXERCISE 13.3
1 2 9 12
1. 2. 3. 4.
2 3 13 13
22 4 1 1
5. 6. 7. 8.
133 9 52 4
2 8 5 11
9. 10. 11. 12.
9 11 34 50
13. A 14. C

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 13

1. (i) 1 (ii) 0
1 1
2. (i) (ii)
3 2
20
3.
21

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 ANSWERS 457

2
4. 5.
7
1 2 8 14 3
6. , , 7. 8.
15 5 15 29 16
16
9. (i) 0.5 (ii) 0.05 10.
31
11. A 12. C 13. B

—v—

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 Notes

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