UNIVERSITY OF BALTISTAN SKARDU

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

ASSIGNMENT FOR: LAB TEN
SUBMITTED TO: DR.ZAHOOR HUSSAIN SHAH

SUBMITTED BY: Group C

1. ZOYA ALI (F23BSCS003)

2. NADIR AHMAD (F23BSCS028)
3. MUSHARAF HUSSAIN (F23BSCS047)
4. NABIHA ZAHRA (F23BSCS029)

PROGRAM: BSCS

SEMESTER: 1ST (A)

COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

S# Description ( Lab Ten)
10.
Networks and the Internet: Computer Networks
 IP Addressing
 Connect through LAN

DESCRIPTION:
 Connect through LAN:

To connect devices through a Local Area Network (LAN), you'll need a few essential
components and follow specific steps. Here's a basic guide to connecting devices through a
LAN:

Components Needed: Devices: Computers, laptops, printers, or any other devices you want to
connect to the network.

Network Cables:

Ethernet cables (usually referred to as Cat5e, Cat6, etc.) to connect devices physically.

Router: A router with built-in Ethernet ports or a separate network switch.

Configuration: Knowledge of IP addresses and basic network configuration.

Steps to Connect Devices through LAN:

1. Set Up the Hardware:

Connect Devices: Using Ethernet cables connect each device you want to include in the LAN to
the router or a network switch. Plug one end of the Ethernet cable into the device's Ethernet port
and the other end into one of the available ports on the router or switch.

2. Configure Network Settings:

Static or Dynamic IP: You can configure devices with static IP addresses (manually set) or use
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to automatically assign IP addresses. Most home
networks use DHCP for simplicity.

DHCP Configuration: If you're using DHCP, ensure it's enabled on your router. Most routers
have DHCP enabled by default.

Subnet Mask and Gateway: Devices on the same LAN should have the same subnet mask and
use the router's IP address as the gateway. For example:

IP Address: 192.168.1.X (X can be any number between 1 and 254 except for the router's IP
address)

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Gateway: 192.168.1.1 (usually the router's IP address)

3. Verify Connection:

Check Connectivity: On each device, check if it's connected to the network. You can do this by
looking for the network icon in the system tray (for Windows) or the menu bar (for mac OS). It
should show a connection to the network.

4. Shared Resources (Optional):

Test Connectivity: Ping other devices in the network or ping the router to ensure that devices
can communicate with each other.

File Sharing: If you want to share files between devices, enable file and printer sharing on
Windows (or use SMB protocol on mac OS and Linux).

Printer Sharing: If you have a network printer, connect it to the LAN and configure devices to
use it over the network.

5. Network Security (Important):

Wi-Fi Password: If your LAN includes wireless devices, set up Wi-Fi security (WPA2/WPA3)
with a strong password.

Router Login: Change the default login credentials of your router to enhance security.

By following these steps, you can establish a basic LAN, allowing devices to communicate and
share resources within the network. Remember that network security is crucial, so always
configure strong passwords and, if needed, enable additional security features on your router.

IP Addressing:

IP addressing, or Internet Protocol addressing, is a numerical label assigned to each

device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. IP
addresses serve two main purposes: identifying the host or network interface and providing the
location of the host in the network.

There are two versions of IP addresses: IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet
Protocol version 6).

IPv4 Addressing:
IPv4 addresses consist of 32 bits and are expressed as four octets of numbers separated by
periods, such as 192.168.0.1. Each octet can have a value ranging from 0 to 255. IPv4 addresses
are divided into different classes (Class A, Class B, Class C, etc.) for different sizes of networks.
However, due to the rapid growth of the internet, IPv4 addresses are exhausted, and there is a
transition to IPv6.

IPv6 Addressing:

IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses and are expressed as eight groups of four hexadecimal
digits, separated by colons, such as 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. IPv6 was
developed to address the limitations of IPv4, particularly the exhaustion of available addresses.
IPv6 provides a vastly larger address space, allowing for an almost unlimited number of unique
IP addresses.

Public and Private IP Addresses:

Public IP addresses: These addresses are used on the internet and are unique across the entire
network. Devices on the internet use public IP addresses to communicate with each other.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) assign public IP addresses to homes and businesses.

Private IP addresses:

These addresses are used within a private network (like a home or business network) and are not
directly accessible from the internet. Devices within a private network use private IP addresses to
communicate with each other. There are reserved address ranges for private use specified in the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) document RFC 1918.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):

DHCP is a network management protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other
network configuration information to devices on a network. DHCP allows devices to join the
network without requiring a manually configured IP address.

Understanding IP addressing is fundamental to networking and is crucial for the functioning of

the internet and other interconnected networks.