Scribd
Upload
12 views5 pages

CH 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

The document provides an overview of Chapter 1 on Chemical Reactions and Equations for Class 10th Science, covering key topics such as chemical reactions, equations, types of reactions, corrosion, and rancidity. It explains the processes involved in chemical reactions, including combination, decomposition, displacement, and redox reactions, along with the importance of balanced equations. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of corrosion and rancidity, highlighting their causes and prevention methods.

Uploaded by

omkumar002011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views5 pages

CH 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

The document provides an overview of Chapter 1 on Chemical Reactions and Equations for Class 10th Science, covering key topics such as chemical reactions, equations, types of reactions, corrosion, and rancidity. It explains the processes involved in chemical reactions, including combination, decomposition, displacement, and redox reactions, along with the importance of balanced equations. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of corrosion and rancidity, highlighting their causes and prevention methods.

Uploaded by

omkumar002011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

ान ACADEMY

BY: RITESH SINGH RAJPUT

HOD, SCIENCE

MOB: 7362875114

CH- 1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

Notes of Ch 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10th Science


Topics in the Chapter

• Introduction
• Chemical reaction
• Chemical equation
• Balanced chemical equation
• Types of chemical reaction
• Corrosion
• Rancidity

Introduction

→ Most of the substance around us undergoes various changes. Some of these changes
are temporary with no new substance being formed. They are called
physical changes.

→ In certain other changes the new substance formed in which the reactant or the parent
loses its identity to form new substance called product. These changes are permanent
changes as we won’t get the reactant back.

Chemical Reaction

→ Chemical reaction is the process by which two or more substance react with each other
to form new substance with different properties.

©Created & Designed By: Om Kumar


→ These are the following changes to determine that the chemical reaction has taken
place: (i) Change in state
(ii) Change in colour
(iii) Evolution of gas
(iv) Change in temperature

Chemical Equation

→ A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of


symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and
the product entities on the right-hand side. Magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide

(Reactant) (Product)

Balanced chemical equation

→ The chemical equation that shows the chemical reaction needs to be balanced. A
balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the atoms involved in the
reactants side is equal to the number of atoms in the products side.
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Types of chemical reaction

→ Combination reaction: Such a reaction in which a single product is formed from two
or more reactants is known as a combination reaction.

CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)


Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)
releasing a large amount of heat.
A solution of slaked lime produced by the reaction is used for white washing walls.
Calcium hydroxide reacts slowly with the carbon dioxide in air to form a thin layer of
calcium carbonate on the walls. Calcium carbonate is formed after two to three days of
white washing and gives a shiny inish to the walls. It is interesting to note that the
chemical formula for marble is also CaCO3.

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


©Created & Designed By: Om Kumar
(slaked lime) (calcium carbonate)

Burning of coal: C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (aq)


Formation of water: H2 (g) + O2 (g) → H2O (aq)
Burning of natural gas (Methane): CH4 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

→ Exothermic reaction: An exothermic process releases heat, and causes the


temperature of the immediate surroundings to rise The rice, potatoes and bread we eat
contain carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are broken down to form glucose. This
glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body and provides energy. The special
name of this reaction is respiration is an exothermic reaction.
C6H12O6 (aq) + 6O2 (aq) → 6CO2 + 6H2O (l) + energy
(glucose)

→ Endothermic reaction: An endothermic process absorbs heat and cools the


surroundings.
The decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is also an example of an
endothermic reaction.

→ Decomposition reaction: When single reactant breaks down to give simpler products.
This is a decomposition reaction.

White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight. This is due to the decomposition of silver
chloride into silver and chlorine by light.

The above reactions are used in black and white photography.

©Created & Designed By: Om Kumar


→ Displacement reaction: Displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more
reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. Both metals and
non-metals take part in displacement reactions. Reaction of iron nails with copper
sulphate solution.

Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (g) + Cu (s)


Pb (s) + CuCl2 (aq) → PbCl2 (aq) + Cu (s)

→ Double Displacement reaction: A double displacement reaction, also known as a


double replacement reaction or metathesis, is a type of chemical reaction where two
compounds react, and the positive ions (cation) and the negative ions (anion) of the two
reactants switch places, forming two new compounds or products. Na

2(SO)4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + NaCl (aq)

→ Redox reaction: An oxidation-reduction (Redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction


that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction
is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion
changes by gaining or losing an electron.

Oxidation: This process involves gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.


Reduction: This process involves gain of hydrogen or loss of oxygen.

→ Oxidizing Agent
It is the substance which gives oxygen or gains hydrogen.
Or it the substance which is reduced itself and oxidizes other.

→ Reducing Agent
It is the substance which gives hydrogen or gains oxygen.
Or it the substance which is oxidized itself and reduces other.
Oxidation is the process which involves loss of electrons but reduction is the process
which involves gain of electrons.

Corrosion

©Created & Designed By: Om Kumar


The process of slow conversion of metals into their undesirable compounds due to their
reaction with oxygen, water, acids, gases etc. present in the atmosphere is called
corrosion.
Rusting – Iron when reacts with oxygen and moisture forms red substance called rust.

Rancidity

→ The taste and odour of food materials containing fat and oil changes when they are left
exposed to air for long time. This is called rancidity. It is caused due to oxidation of fat and
oil present in food material.
→ It can be prevented by using various methods such as by adding antioxidants to the
food materials,

Storing food in air tight container and by lushing out air with nitrogen.

©Created & Designed By: Om Kumar

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy