~ i1 *

. ffi - flJt
ELEMENT ARY CHINES
.
E
READERS
REVISED EDITION
BOOK ONE

$ ffi ~ ~ ft\ ft& lt

. jt ~ .
SINOLINGUA
Beijing, China
gbd books
New Delhi. Ind ia
 l. •miiij: Nasal finals an en ang eng ong t!Jii Final -i [\)
2· :l~iij: Compound finals ua uo -,r¥J:Initials zh ch (sh) r
3. ~~1l:lJII ( - ) Changes in the 3rd tone (I) ii~ Notes
4· ~F Neutral tone 1. ,r¥J: Initials zh ch (sh) r
5· Mlil~JlU Spelling rules 2. zhi chishi ri q:t!l()~ii
~ = i!+! Lesson 3 The final in zhi. chi. shi, ri
~ iij: Finals i~ ie iao iao (-iu) ······· 20
3. JL{t ~-!ij: Retroflex finals
Jlf-!ij: Initials j q x sh 4. l!lii'f.1'% Dividing roark
t.tff Notes ffi-l:;ill! Lesson 7 ···············47
······ ······ ··· ·· ··· ······ ··· ··:···· ·· ·
lll)flJ:'f!l,tflij:11'!/i A Brief Suroroary of Fmals an d I .. Is
I. Jlf-f!J: Initials j q x sh nitta
2. ie 1t1 e Q(J ~ i} Pronunciation of e ii~ Notes
in ie
3. =Jl!t~lJ!l ( =) Changes in the
3rd tone (2)
©"1f!J."
4· "::f:" Q(J3\:1/!l Tone changes of ;r- @ "~1ttt"
ffi /\.ill! Lesson 8 .. ...... .. ......... ... ..... ... ....... ..
..... ........ . . 54
s· tlf-'.!HIU!IJ Spelling rules
~ l!'.!I ~. ill!:tffl ii Classroom Expressions
Lesson
. 4 ... ...... .. .. .. .... ...... ...... ......... ..
~! Fmals uan uen (-un) uang ueng ile ilan un
........ .... 21 ~~Jj\ i·lHHt Table of the Speech Sounds of
Dialect
Beijing
°'* Notes ~ :fLill! Lesson 9 .... ... ...... ..... .... ... .. ......... ........
1 · ong .!;J ueng ong and ueng ........ . . 62
2· tlfli\!mJ!1J Spell.ing rules ii~ Notes
~.li i!4! Less.on 5 .. ... .... .... .... ...... ... .. .. ... .... ......... ©ttifil " ~" Pronoun ~
........ 32 @iiifil ";fll" Conjunction m
fill -fij: Finals ian in iang ing iong er
Grammar
-i Ill
&i-It tl9i'!t~ Word order in Chinese
pl'-fij: Initials z
2. "¾" *-1,J ( - ) The ¾-sentence (1)
C 8
tt~ Notes 3. ffi "ll!l, " ·S(Jll;tfii]'UJ The interrogative sentence
1. itl)-f!J: Final er
ending with l1!l,
2. ;lJ-f!J: Initials z cs ~ + ill! Lesson 10 .. .. ... ......... .. ........ ... .. ... ... ......
3. zi ci si ltl (ltJ A1JflJ: The final in ii, ci, si .... .. .. ... 74
~*~ Lesson 6 ....... ... ......... ...
ii~ Note
...... .. ..... ... .. ............. .39
JI
10
 <D "&ii" "IP:t" ttff Note
ifiif Grammar (DJiiJM "ffl" Plural suffix 111
I. ,i!'.ii Attributive ii~ Grammar
2. Mfq.llfljiij "t'I\J" Structural particle t'I\J I. i;/JiiiJil!li-MiJ Sentences with a verbal predicate
3. Jllifr,;Jftjiijt'I\Jifli'i.liU Interrogative sentences 2. i;/JiiJil'lilHiJt'I\Jifl)E Negation of the sentence
in which an interrogative pronoun is used with a verbal predicate
•+-ii Lesson 11 ..... .............................................. 34 ffi+11!1il Lesson 14 ................ .......... ................... 120
ttff Notes lt:!J Notes
(D "-" tlC.1~1,111 Tone changes of - (D "¾t'I\J"
® • --:" "iij" = and iij ® "'Ill'" fl] "'l,t'l!t" 'Iii' and ffl''!it
Grammar
iBif Gramn1ar if;~
1. ""fir" *iU The fl"-sentence 1. :!Rili Adverbial adjunct
2. lttlJiilf):)Eij A numeral-measure word as 2. ",ffll" lll "i!!." ffll and i!!,
attributive 3. Jll " ... ... ,!Ir~?" i!!li'i.l
3 • if r,;J i-t jiiJ "JL" Interrogative pronoun JL Forming a question with ..., ilr~T
ffl+=i.ll! Lesson 12 .... ....... .... ...•....•.......••....•••••••....... 97 4. :litiiil "@" Measure word@.
ttff Notes ·ffi+.lii!!! Lesson 15 ... ............... ... ................. .......... 132

<D "l)(J" t'I\J i!f Omission of a<.J ltff: Note

® "~" "-:k" .!JJ and -;k (D "lt~..1:."
iii~ Grammar i1i#; Grankiar
I • %-11fjiijiJlilHiJ Sentences with an adjective I. "¾". $:1i) ( =) The ¾-sentence (2)
as pred icate 2. :illl~~r,;J1i) Choice-type questions
2. %-t:iiilil'lii-!iJl'l\Jifl,t Negation of the sen- ~+:t-ill! Lesson 16 ...... ... ............ ....... ... ................. •144
tence with an adjective as its predicate it.W Note
3. :iElit!i!i'i.11iJ Affirmative-negative question (D "="
4· ffijf-~Jii.lfj:,tijf A demonstrative pronoun ii ~ Grammar
as an attributive I. f;l;lt~(-) Numeration
•+=iR! Lesson 13 ..... .. ................................. ... • ... 109 2. ~[,,Jf(;Jill "~:'.?" Interrogative pronoun g;,p
12 13
 3
. tt(!(JWJ Counting Chinese money
ffi +ti'l!° Lesson I 7 ·····•·. •. ... •.•.. . . . . . .. ... .. . •. •..... .. ..•. .. 158 •=+-ill! Lesson 21 ............................................. 206
i/1!::t Text ~11](1()~~
ili/11 Grammar
I. 4!i jiiJ il'J iji-!l] Sentences with a noun as ttl'f Note
predicate ©1.f{i'!iii) Words of location
2. .:E~ i~Hi-!lJ Sentenc.:s with a subject- ii~ Grammar
predicate construction a~ predicate I. i;/Jfiil "tE" Verb t£
2· "ff" W ":Iii" ,&5f--tft£
jj;+J\i!l! Lesson 18 ...................... .......................... 16g
fl and :Iii indicating existence
It~ Note Lesson 22 ·
© "if" "Ji:." ~Jil.fffljjl]M;)wa{J4';ill) 219
Text fir~
Nouns with the characteristics of measure
Note
words ,¥, Ji:. etc.
© "~J!Hti"
i!il: Grammar ilti=E Grammar
I. ,¥, fl, IH!l!I.Wl ~. ~, a and .!i!.M 1· flll.l!i;/JiiiJ Auxiliary verbs
2. ,¥, Jl,13,Rt(!(Jl@i/¥= The order of~. JL B, (1)
at ( 2)
3. ~~i!i;/JiiililNHiJ Sentence with a verb (3) fl@
taking two objects (4) "iifl;,{
11l+:tLi!I! Lesson 19 .......................... .... ..... ... .......... 181 2. fflflllfflf;/Jjjl]${Jif::§:$]jj Note on the use of
iftil: Grammar the auxiliary vetbs
I. fl'iiil:il!i! Prepositional phrases iii.lie& Vocabulary ................... ........ ........................
233
2. ":(£" "}).." (19~i1i Object of :(E, }A
~= +ill! Lesson 20 .............. ................ ............ ... 193
i:ii~ Grammar
I. ~fflJH~ Complement of degree
2 · i;/JiiiJw1€iU1l\lffOH! Verbs with both an
object and a complement of degree
3 · iw.1'.1€iii Preposed object
14
15
 & mmii ~- :BJ:

The Chinese Phonetic Alphabet

$ mff.: ~~ff.:
Written Names
1:j]Jn~

Printed
.:f5~~
,Written
-
*il.l:t~
Names Abbreviations
Printed
Forms Forms
Forms fonns

a (a] N n N n [ns]
- l. ( ~) ~iii.I mlngd noun
A a A 2. ( fO daicl pronoun
ttiii.l
B b (p&] 0 0 0 0 [o] 3. ( i;/J) dongcl
i;IJiiiJ verb
B b
(ts'e] p p p p 4. ( OOil/J) OOll!il/JliiJnengyuandongcl optative verb
C C C C ,IP'EJ
5. ( ~) ~~iii.I xlngr6ngcl adjective
D d d [tel Q q Q q [t11'iou)
D 6. ( $:) J&'.iiiJ shuci numeral
E e E e (v] R r R r [ar) 7. ( :It ) .iii.I liangci measure word
8. ( jiil]) !,iljiiiJ fuel adverb
F f F J [ef] s s s s [ES)
9 .. ( :fl-) :fl-iii.I jiecl .preposition
G g G g [k&) T t T I (t'&) 10. ( it) itiiiJ liancl conjunction
H h H h [xa] u u u u (u) 11. ( .llb ) .IVJiii.1 zhuci particle
i;IJ~Jlhiii.1 dongtai zhucl . aspect particle
l i l i [ii V V V . V [v&)
~#..IVJiii.1 jiegou zhuci structural particle
J j J j [tlli&] w w w w [wa] ift'={.IVJ iii.I yuqi zhucl modal particle
12. ( IJJZ ) IJJZiii.1 tanci interjection
K k K .k [k'e] X X X X [!Iii
13. ( ~j!l,l)~~iii.l xiangshengci onomatopoeia
L I L I [El] y y y y (ja) ( *) iil.l::k cit6u prefix
M m M m [em] z z z z [ts&) ( ~) iii.I~ ciwei suffix
- 14 . ( ~) ·zhuanming proper noun

16
17

L
 Lesson 1
Conversation
Organs of Speech

I. .t.ff upper lip

2. J:t!r upper teeth
3. .lf* teethridge
4. li.l!n hard pa\ate
s. ti-n soft palate
6. ,j,"l§" uvula
7. """Flii lower lip
8 . """ft!r lower teeth A: Ni hao!
9. "l§"~ tip of tongue it- tt'!
10 . "l§"llii blade of tongue B: Ni hli.o!
I I. "l§":ta back of tongue
vocal cords
1,t- tt' !
12. P111r
.13. lf.ll2 nasal cavity ~WilDDt* New Words and Chinese Characters
I. ni (~) 1.~ you (s.)
2. hli.o ( ~) it good, well
3. yi ( ffi: ) one
4. wu ( ffi:) 3L. five
s. ha ( ffi:) i"\..
eight
18
l
 he, she . i.ffi t es it has dif-
6. ta When a syllable is pronounced in d erent on • .
not, no
7. hu ferent meanings, e.g.
8. ,la big
ma ma ma ma
fish da da
9. yu.. di dA

-- ~ae Finals
u 1.
'Ir.. !'£ff Notes
F>'iij:~Bll• Initials and finals
a 0 l,l
ai ei ao OU &*~:g-~*~~-~F•~~•m*~~~.-~Jf~~
~:g-¾Fiij:, ;Jt~fl!HtAfllliij:. -91J1m, ni, ;l'tltl n A"%'ffft, I-}!
11!1, ~a Initials BlJiij:.
JW.~ &.*fl"211'-Fiij:, 381'-fllliij:. P1 • ~ - Ei3-1'-tili -'i}':R:
b
d
p m
n
f
~.Bll•fl°~A•~~ ~-Bl!•, :!mi, -~••*~W,
11.fflliij:, 1m.,ao, fl°~A~ff:bl!JHiliff, Pl{JJ.t~-fij:, 1m an.
g k h According to traditional Chinese phonology, a syllable
· in Chinese is generally made up of an initial and a final. The ini-
1i, Tones tial is. the consonantal beginning of a syllable, and the final is
the part of the syllable excluding the initial. For example, in
s ni. n is the initial, and i is the final.
- ,· ~-F 1st ~one There are 21 initials and 38 finals in Chinese. All the ini-
4 *~ ~=)ls 2nd tone
tials are consonants except for the zero initial (i.e. no initial)
If' e.g. an, and all the finals consist of . a vowel (either simple or
3
- . *=-P' 3rd tone compound) vowel, or a vowel plus a nasal consonant. The
2 .!¥-f!f ': ~ll!lFi 4th tone simple vowel is called a simple final, e.g. i; the compound vowel
is called a compound final, e.g. ao; and the vowel plus a nasal
1 consonant is called a nasal final, e.g. an.

t:Si/ll;if-;~lfil
fff
Figure showing the four tones
2
•fill•
- a o e i u U Simple finals a, o, e, i, u, ii ...
a. JfOffUI:*, iS"t'LAlilt, &~1111.
a IS produced by lowering the tongue, with the mouth wide-
2
a
I open and
the lips unrounded. tongue towards the hard palate with the tps rou
r nded
.
It is
0 jfr:Jg{$~. j§-&*il'li- il/sli5, mllll!f. the corresponding lip-rounded sound to i [i].
. produced by keeping the tongue in a half raised posi-.
o 1s 3. g_illJlij: ai ei ao ou Compound finals ai, ei , ao, ou
tion with the back of the tongue towards the soft palate. The
ai :tl:Mfl?Jl!I: ai 11-t, -j§-&M a(,,] i 7Jti;I;, ll~ilfi/t,J a ~2:~
mouth is half-open. and the lips are rounded
e jfr:J/jttjl~, j5,{:IJ'.*ifli, il/sJl5, ~:::r-:lmJo · *ffiill(o):J'E, FAJii~ i ~2:11t-~ffiHii1:.
ai is produced by starting from a and then gliding towards
e is produced by keeping the tongue in a ha.I f raised posi-
tion with the back of the tongue towards the soft palate. The i. a is pronounced longer, louder and clearer, and i shorter and
mouth is half-open, and the lips arc unrounded . · weaker.
i 7fr:J/1l'.fl1J,, ~~311-. "5"ill~, i.llil/J. ei ao OU i.ltff~~fi'R ai -;f4',, flll:-1'5cff~2;1f_Hs::ifU/l(,i]
; is produced by raising the front blade of the tongue to- . ~. FA--t-5f;{l'~2:ffl.~ffii;!a.
wards the hard palate, with the mouth a little open and the lips Similarly, the first constituent of ei, ao and ou is also pro-
flat. nounced longer, louder and clearer than the second one.
_71' o ff!: II: ,t., liHdMJ, "5" {IL A, 'iffii Jl5.
u 4. i!:"({r-fO:::r-:i!SC% Aspirated and unaspirated· con-
is pro!luced by keeping the back of the tongue towards
the ~ft palate with the mouth slightly open, and the lips as sonants.
rounded as possible. ~-at b p fO d t ::l,!;WH.llffiMfilZ(J(J:::r-:i!"'({f:frt:i!SC·rr-.
u js'{i'l~, liiin,J, i [i] ffl~~JWll!f{f. 4\Hll~P'i-t-tifi{l'i.lt{rtil{fljjo~-f-f, R~H::&: p t llt~iitt:~
ii is produced by raising the front of the blade of the b,p;&:%~~00

Qi] U(y]

( 1) ,&~ ( 2 ) ti'=( ( 3) :&:%

a[AJ Lip-position Holding breath Releasing breath
4
5
 n

( 1) $~ ( 2 ) -~ ( 3) ~ff ·
Lip-position Holding breate Releasing breath

lfl;hn±f:l:J, "5~~" • b d 11-.t, ~lili:!l~if.il:IJ, ;i;

:izi~, ".::r-5~{i-" • ~FA:BS.~~J1.ffl5"'{{i-~;;i::::i!~f.
The initials b and p are a pair of bilabial voiceless plosivcs
which have the same place of articulation. The only difference
is that bis unaspirated while p is aspirated. d and tare another
pair of bilabial voiceless plosives in which the first isunaspirated
while the latter is aspirated. We shall later study several pain ( l) '111~ ( 3) ,'.&:_.cg.
(2) - ~
of initials of this kind. Lip-position Holding breath Releasing breath
m f h

6
1
 • •5 written as Y 1•• u as wu aod
. alone as a syllable, '
Stand mg J .
5 _ pl/II Tones
fi as yu.
:ltJi(i1Hffl°l!91-~*Fl/ll, ~jjl]ffl~ml~% "-" <i-
~) • "
F > • " . " <m-=-,... ,, (... = =-) • " " <lll 11YJ-lli 7. f;J; !ff i:p if- 11!..t. Je. ilii 1M"
V >p -

*!ll;;f;."pfl/ll~flil.~;;f;a\J~Sl~~.19'1~, Yi(-) ,Yl(fl),

,,, ,
••&"~&•m~m~~~~ •~- ·
§-1-W~R--1-~Wll,t,
fllliifll,{ffl. ~1JS(]lffl~-!Bilt "•ff" • .
. g in Chinese u
sed upon meeting
,,,.ff- is a common gree t m ·ng
Lfll/11%~ ~.-1-WiJ~-~~- v" . . ti
somebody in the morning, m the a tern
oon or i"n the evem .
~1-~L~~~ll,t, %l/11~%-~~HQ~~*~~~L. ~ The answer expected is also v'Fff--
mi, bi\o. &* Chinese characters
··-~=
8
. ~-~<u= vi.$~~
Beijing dialect has four basic tones, usually numbered -as &*~&*S(J•Q~%--1-·~~-
1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th tones, represented respectively by _, , , ,!£;$:1f;00inP.ltatJ, &*~11i* .OOi#-;;r-;$. !!; *• l!!!J ffl!VZ !!I! i,$;
v and . . When a syllable is pronounced in different tones, it *·-~~~~*~~~at1m*J£.~~J£.*i,$;$.~1-*~w•
has different meanings, e.g. yi (- one), yi (,fl., hundred mil- oo•~.~m&llilff*~at11JM•Q.Qvl..$W~~-~~~.
lion). .
Th~ Chinese characters are the written symbols of the Chi-
When a syllable contains only a· single vowel, the tone-graph
nese language. Usually, one charac_ter stands for one syllable, and
is placed above it. When a tone-graph is placed above the
it is composed of several basic strokes. The number of possible
vowel i, the dot over it is omitted, e.g. ni + v ni. When the
basic strok_es is in. fact quite small. The basic characters, i.e.
final is a compound vowel (a diphthong or a triphthong), the tone-
ch;aracters that cannot be broken down, are made up of basic
graph is placed above the main element of the compound vowel
. strokes, and the compound characters are made up of basic
(namely the one pronounced. loud with the mouth wide open),
characters or fixed components. All characters should be
e.g. hiio.
written so as to fit into equal-sized squares no matter how
6. m'.!,,t/OIJ Spelling rules many strokes they have. The characters should be written in
i )1,i)jjt~~ll,J-1,jj)jjt yi.
the proper stroke order, and their structure should be compact
u )1,j J;Jt~~ll,J-1,jj lilt wu. and well-balanced.
il )1,j" ~~'lJll,J-1,jj Jj1;_ yu 0
8 9
 .
•ii
t,t!!FatJ•*· Basic Strokes of

I...-
ill :Z
Chinese Cbaracten

iE
Directions of
11 1A1
'
l l.~·-·•J Rules of Stroke-order of
Chinese Characters

Name strokes Examples

m
Strokes
r-
.~, ...,,
-11
{1IJ

Example
* Stroke-order Rules
J!U
'

-
diAn
#t"
- * - tM ff;

I
hblg
f- ! * .i.
ti:
--t- -t- "h~ng" precedes "shu"

•
shil
/...... I /...... • ff;
)
pie
J
'" * "pie" precedes "nA"
.
.tit \. #- -= - - JA J: JJJ r
*
l~.
' nA
, J' . I.
from top to bottom
ti
JA ft. JJJ ;(=;
..., 1t 1 1t
J
\.
hEnggou

shiigou
""'
j
+1
if ,J, ' fl J1 }]
from left to right

JA JJJ
from outside to inside
P3

xlegou
npqm1 .m * 31:t

.--
ff; 0
'"7 #t;!fr
Mnszhc Ji.. t1 1!15 inside precedes the sealing stroke
L ~;f.lj- ,J,
shuzM L. ,Ji: -c J ,J ,J, ~i:j:l la] ff;
itl
middle precedes the two
10 sides

11

I
 -t:, t$ ,:,J Exercises
1. m1-JW1111 Four tones &!¥* Table or Chinese Characters
ni nl ni Di Di
h!o hio hio hao ( { )
hio 1 {.~ { /
yi y( yi yi
Yi h ( / h )
wi1 w6 wu wu wii
ba ba bi ba tlA ,J' ( J ,J ,J' )
tA ti ta ta tA
(I...Jt..--k)
bu
dA
M
di
bu
da
bu
da
bu
da
-
2
·
,---
-ff
*--=r (..,.J--f-)
yu yu yu yu y11
- -
-
3
2. llfif Sound discrimination
bo po ba pl 4 _Jj_ r 1i _A.
de te dJ d 5 / ......... / / .........
m6 to mi1 f4
nc le n0 IQ
g6 k6 gAi kli
dAo tAo dou tou
g6u gao kai gai
gao kio yi yii
3. i'li1'-if'W~~ Two syllables pronounced in succession
ni hao ta hao
bu hao da yu
4. &*v-~ Get to know Chinese characters
{,f--ff J
V V

A:

B: if--ff f
12
13
 Lesson 2
=- ~µl]fllix*
New Words an d Chinese Characters
you (pl.)
I. nimen 1.t1n
( ft)
busy
-~ *ii Conversatioa 2. ming <M> ·f'i:
an interrogative particle
3. ma ( .lllJ) "~
4. w6 <ft) -i\ I, me

5. hen <ro1J > ,Ht very

6. bu ( /lilJ) no, not

7. women ( ft> 4\111 we, us

8. dong to understand

9. nAD difficult

-- ft!J~ Finals
an en ang eng ong
A. Ni hao! ua uo ua1 uei (-ui)
B" {,r--½f !
C: Nimen hao! M{mg ma? 11!) ;:!ff Notes
,r.t-1n -½t ! •tc "i!J 1 1. ~frt){!f an en ang eng ong Nasal finals an. er,, ang,
A: Wo hen m{mg. eng,ong

~J. •l'co an ~-t--g;-~r-,.fil)-Bto Jt~ a, ~llN.~%::/c:Jif[R]fili/j~, 11',Jft-.t

C: Ni mAng ma? ~/l"JT!IL -iJ:"'Um./Am.}JQif.W:lo en il!.~%~~ tliJ £.to .'.&if~®i
.!§ an fui~o
{,t- •tc Pl!j 1 ung :IE·-1'-%:t1Hi')./l-~£t. 5t'.li:"i5"lV:1f;/§-BJL~ a. ~ffl~~
B: Wo bu ming.
*ams. il~&MAm•ili.
•tco en& ong i:!!Q-~ffH~fr'J-Bt, :&:·¼-*®!.!§ ang ;f-§Jiu.
14
15
 . . tar nasal formed by a and n. It start ,
an 1s an a1veo . s •rorn
.th the tongue touching the gum and the soft s. m~~UIU Spelling rules
a and then, w1 . Palate
des naturally towards n without any pause. e11 • u a-1-tr~lf:!k-ll<t, u ~Jix. w. M:frll,
relaxed, gli __ ., . . . ts u at the beginning of a syllable is written w, e.g.
nasal final pronoun= m a s1m1lar way t
also an alveoIar o tlll. uan --wan
· . a velar nasal final formed by . a. plus-ng. It is pro- ua - w a
ang 1s uen -wen
d b starting with a back a, then ra1smg the back of th UO -WO
uang--wang
duce y dl . h . e uai - wai
. t the soft palate, an ettmg t e atr escape thr ough
tongue agams uei - wei ueng - - weng
the nasal cavity. eng and ong are also velar . nasal finals
uei Jluilii1JJIJ1HiJBt~ .6x -ui • .gtJtmdul ( M) hul ( ~) • pl
pronounced in a similar way to ang.
2. I ftlj,Qt ua uo Compound finals ua and uo ~~%~:Ao i ..t.
uei preceded by an initial is written -ui, e.g. dul ( M ) hui
ua l ua lt.t, lliJ--tJC-a-~¼-ffi.~ffiil.'ii,FA-1-n:-Ji~~ ( ili ) . The tone-graph is placed above i.
jt,j,fifii'1:ft:o uo ( 1,Htllf~~l'l\J ia ie Ue ) l'l\J:&:tf~~Blt ua ffi
lil!. :n. !$,:} Exercises
ua is a compound final in which u is pronounced weaker and
1. im :1" J11m The four tones
shorter, and a louder and longer. uo (and ia, ie, ue, which we mang mang mang mang- mang
shall learn later) is pronounced in a. similar way to ua. WO w6 WO w6 -WO
3. .='.)lf'lm ( - ) Changes in the 3rd tone (1) hen Mn hen hen - hen
jllj 1'.='.)lf 'ft-'\ji!:Ao-~ll'f' ffi-1-.:::Jt: tr~!ll.1* .&x~=-ilJ. dong d6ng dong d6ng- dong
01!~, ni hao .... ni hao. nii.n nan nan nan - nan
When a 3rd tone is followed by another 3rd, the first one 2. m-w Sound discrimination
changes into a 2nd tone, e.g. ni hao -+ ni hao. bii.n bii.ng dan dang
4. ~jlJ Neutral tone gen geog fen feng
l-iffiiMl!.fl°-~fi-'\j~jUU~.3Z.ffi, Pljf'F~jtf. :ifi.:=!SlflQ)lf han hen Jang Ieng
::r-~~~. llf~, nimen. duo tuo kua guli
In Chinese, there are certain syllables pronounced both weak · pan pang tan tang
and short which are defined as taking the neutral tone. This is pen peng nan nen
indicated in this textbook by the ~bsence of a tone-graph, e.g. mang meng deng dong
nlmen. kuai guai hui kul
18 17
 Neutral tone
3. QJ!f tAinen
women nillleB l:ll.¥• Table of Chinese OaracterS
nan ma dong ma da ma
h!o ma
t{inde h6ngde fende
{ I -ITT
brude
gege didi
- 1 1n

(~
miilIIB
baba
Changes in the 3rd tone
fl C f fl)
4. =:)If p(J 1,l'd
2 •ti: ·t C• ·I ·t )

hen
n{in
hao
da

5. ftJJ~lrii,-m Read aloud the following sentences.

A: N{in ma?
ni

r mang
gei
kAn
-4 -
-5 -
3 119,

.,
-fll
-c ( . ->--c)
0 ( I

!!, ( ' ~!!,)

,f
no)

r-r~~.:fi...
( :, - I ,f )
I ~"3

B: Bil nan.
A: Dong le ma? --
·ti. C""'1:1f u fl)
B: Dongle. 6 ::;r-. -;r:;r::;r-.
6. IJV¥ildl Get to know Chinese characters.

A, {,t,-ff I
B
V V ,
C, {,t-{fl-ff I •ti: "i!i?
A, ii~•t,= 0
V •

C, {.t, •ti: "!!i?

B, ~i•ti: 0

18 19
 d Chinese Characters
New Words an
::. !:lllflllx!f!
11l=:il Lesson 3 body, health
<41) jj-#-
I. sbentl to thank
-. ~i! Conversation 2. xi~xie
(f;/J) d a modal particle
(JI/J) ·"7t
3. ne also, too
(l,jlj) e,
4, ye
,,,
..:- s~
s. liu ($:)
seven
6, qi ($:) -t.
-Jr.. nine
7. jiii (I/:)
small, little
8. ,tiao
You're welcome,
9. bu k~i
noi at all

E,, flllt Finals

A: Ni hao!
ia ie iao iou (-iu)
{.r, fl!
B: Ni hiio! 11!1, JI. Initials
{.r, fl I j q x sh
A: Ni shenti hao ma?
3i, i!ff Notes
{.r,~#-fl ·~?
I. Jll'-i!J: j q x sh lniti_als j p x sh
B: Hen hao, xiexie. Nine?
j isjlijJlHlH\~lH, is~lJi"ft&'lr, -"\!itiM. 'iS'iii Jiu~~@
~j. fl' i#i#o it-%? l'lil.ffiiliitl:l, )lffff~jif;/J.
A: Ye hen hiio. j is produced by raising the blade of the tongue to the hard
palate, pressing the tip of the tongue against the back of the low-
-t!!.. ~j. fl 0

21
20
 iou 'dQ':ltl:/Jll1'f~lltl; ,r&-iu, f#ll~, liu ( *). ' 1'iu· ( 11.> . jljl
jiAo y6u
ff~f;r,.S: u .t. •111~ yioqhi
biiotl
Standing alone as a syllable, ia is written. as Ja,., ,e. as 1st tone plus 3rd tone
(3) $-,=rimitl~F
as yao, and iou as you. Ye, iQi silent!
gingbl
iou is .written
. as -iu when it is preceded
. ..... by an i ..
n1tia], lllld biioguo
xiiili
tone-graph ,s placed above u, e.g. liu ( .,, ) , jiu ( ii. ) . !hi
(4) *~11f.1JIJ $1!!H=r
1st tone plus 4th tone
jidan
kongql
*• 11>1 Exercises shengdiao xilyao
I. 1!!11'Jlf The four tones (5) •-FJm~Jl:1 1st ·tone plus neutral tone

shen sh6n shen shen-shenti boli xiaoxi

xie xi~ xie xie-xiexie yifu xiilxi
ye y~ ye ye-ye 4. Read aloud the following conversation.
liii Iii\ liu liu-liu
A: Ni shenti hao ma?
qi qi qi qi-qi
D: Hen hao, xiexie. Nine?
jiii ji6 jiu jiu-
. -jiu
I A: W6 ye hen hao. Ni mang ma?
xiio xiao xiao . xjao-xiao
B: Hen mang.
I ke k~ ke ke-keqi
5. tx*iA~ Get to know Chinese characters.
2. IJfff Sound discrimination
Jijl jiqi xiql xi qi A, {,r.tf!
j(ti qlti xitl tiji
jii!j( jixie jiaqi jieqia B, 1,r.tf !
3.
(I)
ff '!j jiJ ia Disyllabic words A, it-:!r#-½1-"~?
.
t-Jl!'mi-~ 1st tone plus 1st tone
~t 1,f.~?
V

feiJi fisheng
B, ~fttf, 0

jiiiotllng
gongkiii
(2)
• -Ptmin=,r 1st tone plus 2nd tone
A, -1!!..Afttf o
24 25

.l
 fl*• Table of Chinese Characters

1 ;t~ ~,1,111~
2 {
~- ( --- t t ~)
Jo
----,.___
• (. i )
*
3 1,
I t~1
t
T c---tT)
-
C1
' ~ -

( .. -:, j fl~)
5 .ti!_, A A1
6 .,---.
'\
_:.. ( .. -=-)
~'\ (., .,,) -
7 -t - ___.. -t,
8 -)L ) -IL

26
-

j( { fill i.l L e s s o n 4

- , ~E Conversation

e?
,c\: N i xuexi shenm
1,f: ~ >)_{ t ~ ?
B: W6 xuexi Hanyu.
~ ~ >) fx.:i¼ O
e?
A : T i xuexi shenm
~~>J{t~?
yu.
B: T a ye xuexi Han
1ll!. ~ ~ >) fx.. i f 0

A : Hanyii n an m
a?

iX ·i¼ ij i ~ ? 27
 B: HAnyil b~ oAn.
2. 1#~1N.Jltl Spelling rules
~if ;;y; fo uen J}iJitlblJ]lif-ftlf;J'~PX -un. 91:tl, diin (Ill!)•
u fllEB u Jf::!k(l(JBlJ-ftfll j q X ffl1#fl't, ll J:(l(Ji!'i/4\
=• !•JJ~.!f! New Words and Cbioese Characters
JL'if~.
1. x~I
(f;J) f ;J to learn, to study Ue, nan, Un El .fixlfiJB'.t, ~fl; yue, yuan, yun.
J.J. II what uen preceded by an initial is written as -un, e.g. diin ( llit!) ·
(ft) ll A
2. sb~rune Whenj, q or xis followed by ii or a final beginning with ii.
(.41) il.if Chinese
the two dots over ii are omitted.
3. han}'U
,ft he,him Standing alone as a syllable, iie is written as yue, iian as yuan.
(ft)
4. t4 and iin as yun.
5. nAn (~) ~ difficult
3i, !$:s:J Exercises
6. t4men (ft) 1t111 they, them
to ask 1. 1191'%1,\1 The four tones
7. wen question xue xue xue xue xuexi .
8. wentl
answer shen shen shen shen - shenme
9. buldA
right, correct yii . yu yii yu Hanyii
10. dul wen
wen wen wen wen
.:, t9BJ .Finals ti ti ti ti wenti
uang ueng hui hui bui hui huida
uan ueo(-uoJ
dui dui dui dui dui
Ue llan Un
2. 1)1.g- Sound discrimination
11!1, ~ff Notes jii jiii iu jiu
l . ong ~ ueng ong and ueng qii qiii qu qiu
ong Jl.~~%-lltffit}f-, ~BMl!Ji§.oHf'ti, ueng ~~!jpi xii xiii XU x.iu
-lltffilll, Jl.~111/ixi:r'µ, lJpgjjjz weng 0
wan wang wen weng
ong cannot st and alone as a syllable, and it can only be guan guang kuiin kuiing
· J ueng stands alone as a syllable
· ·11a
combined with an iru jiin xiin quan xuan
. •
wntten as weng and it cannot be combined with any initial. 3. ~i}'j:i~H½ Disyllabic words
•
28 29
 (1) J:::;trbl!J-1' 2nd tone plus 1st tone
gu6jiii. yuangui .
16uti mfoyi
(2) J::)'lf bl!J::J'lf 2nd tone plus another 2nd
tuanjie t6ngxue
ix~~ Table of Chinese Characters
y6ujo
I ,f -,
IAnqi_t1
(3) J::.;lf!JP$SJ'lf 2nd tone phis 3r<i tone . ,., ,.., ;,I,)

-
;,I, ( '
-
I
1
niunai pijiu
quanti y6ulan f-
(4) J::.)lf/Jll$PllP1 2nd tone plus 4th tone ·- .-5J 7 1 5J
;t:7

-
1:1
2 _ _ iI J
xuexiao xueyuan
{t I t-
-
yukuai {
hanjia 3
--
(5) i.:.)l!/JllQ)l'I 2nd tone plus neutral tone -t (--t)
pengyou putao --
4
-·-
i,. I ;/. i,_ I I!
mantou biede
-- I~
it.. i ( . : )
4. Mi.l.R-!i.l Read aloud the following sentences
(I) Wo wen wenti, nimen huidA. • -5

J...(JJ...)
'
(2) Dul bu dul? -- -·;;..- I -;J;..
(3) · Dul le. 6 1r, l '70

(4) Bu dul. -- ¼/£

S. &*v-.i• Get
, ,to know Chmese
. ch11racters. --
A: ir,~>Jfft? -- I0
.7 ,{{!!. {
B, it~i.;;_ .,, 0
- - -- -
.I!!.,
A, 1t~~fri? ~-
8
-
ifi J... I,~
B, tii~ii li, 0 ft ( / f f rrfi ft)
L__
-
31
 ..
New Words and Chinese Characters
.=.. ~ililfllllt~
Jli i Lesson 5 (i3J) ft: to do, to make
I. zuo
(i3J)
to write
-. tii Conversation 2. xie
Chinese character
3. Hanzl (~) vt.~
b
,& to read
A: Ni zuo sMnmc ne? 4. nian (~)
new -word
1.r-11 {t t ~? 5. shengci (~) 1.~
B: W6 xie Hanzi ne. (i3J)
vi,- - to listen, to hear
6. ting
A i5l~~o ~-a- record

--
1. Iuyin
(~)
two .

-
8. er
three
9. san (J&)

'l!1 four
A: Ta zuo sMnme ne? JO. si (J&)
goodbye
itf'f {t t ~? 11. zaijian
B: Tli niiln shengcl ne.
E., 11.1-IIJ Finals
,ft$ j_-ia} ~o
iang ing iong
ian in
er
-i[t]

A: Tiimen zuo sMnme ne? 11!1, J:-IIJ Initials

-ft1f1 11 1t t .11}?_, 1 z C s
B: Tiimen ting luyin ne.

-ft117 }f ffe {- 11}?_, 0

17 li., ltff Notes
l. 8$-ll} er Final er
33
 •
s
er i-ttitlJ~• ~i•tilJ: e [:i] Ht, !e%~~1Hi-Al!t s is produced by raising the tip of
~,,,. ttiifi;.tj!fl er (ICJ'!lo , the tongue towards the back of the upper
er iif l;.l 13 .~ti,-, ~. er ( .:. ) • teeth and sgueezing the air out through
er is a retroflex final formed by producing the simple final the channel .between the blade of the
e ~) with the tip of the tongue turned up towards the hard paJ. tongue and the upper teeth. The vocal
(
ate. er can stand alone as a syllable, e.g. er ( .=. ) . cords do not vibrate.
2. jlf z c s Initials z, c, s 3. zi ci si $ aqg1J-lij: The final in
z,c l~~:tm zi, ci, si
zi ci si q:iegMJ-lij:;l!'iS'~il/Jjc'!f[1], ffl i zi ci si lflt'.19
~-lij: i -}E~ffE~/ix [i].
The final in zi, ci, si is the blade-alveolar vowel OJ. It
should not be confused with (i] , which is also represented by i.

7'. !Pl Exercises

( l) Ill ( 3) ~'Ir 1. 1191-F'Jl The four tones

( 2) -~
zuo zu6 zuo zuo zuo
Lip-position Holding breath Releasing breath
zj zi zi zi Hanzl
nian nian nian nian
tll. ~::::• 1.1:t.lHI', ~FA~~/lltJF-~~~. 1'~ifu nian
Ci ci cl shengci
ci
c a z ill~(l(Jz"t""" ting ting ting ting
\ ting
s '€i a• Iuyin
~l'li!i.ti&J, ~PX,~~. ~tilf1'ffiiliitfl, ~*Z-ffi Iii Ju Iii Ju
jg), er
er ~r er er
z is produced b san san slin
the back of the uppeYfirst pressing the tip
· of the tongue against slin san
and squeezing the ai r teeth, and then moving it away a· little Si sl si si si
vocal . r out through th . . zlii zai zai zai zaijian
~tds do not vibrate e channel thus made. The
c is the same as .
zexcept that ..
it is aspirated.
*
2. ill?.'Ir.,. im Disyllabic. words
(1) $.=pi'JJll$-pi' 3rd tone plus 1st tone
34
S5
 shoudu
Beijln8
uocao
meitian
B, i f i ir,to
3rd tone plus 2nd tone
(2) llE~Jlf/JllJ::)tl
zi\gu6
IOxing A, ~1n1Ftt- ir,t7
zoulang
yuyan
3rd tone plus another 3rd B, ~{fV'Jr ~-¼ o
(3) j\l;:Jlf/Jll-~,
shoubiao
xizao
fudao N** Table or Chinese Characters
shulguo
(4) j\l;:;lf/ilJJ~,lf 3rd tone plus 4th tone

---- --
youyi qingzuo l 11 {
caise zaofan
1 ( / >-i""f'f)
(5) llr~Jlf /Jtl~rl 3rd tone plus neutral tone
,_. (' ,_.) I
- - :f5
zioshang yizi 2
muqin jiejic
~c-11~)
3. Wliiiii Read aloud the following conversation.
A: Ni zuo sh~nme ne?
- ,_--1
3
L..----
,,.. ( . ,· ,,.. )
B: Wo nian shengci, xie• Hanzl ne. -t
A: .Ni nian, wo ting, hao ma? - --
(I AA,t-)
,& b...,
.~
h-
B: Hao. ...... oui bu dui?
A: Dul le. - 4

(1 '"'->,~,\,.},
' ,, )
B: Xiexie. -- - - c~J;:1.'l)
A: Bu keqi. 5 1.. I

-- -- -
4· ttiwJJ<.. Get to know Ch'
A 14 , , inese characters -- - -
6 'J. I
I ('.J,11{t z1%.? • al c1::1,~)
-- --
B, ,i\~i5li12Plt.o• 11.Jr . 0 I 4t
1- 1T ( ... ff-Jr)
- J
7

A, it1~{f Z1%.?

\ ~-
\ 36
37

L -fSLt&
►

~T\il Lesson 6

- , *ii Conversation

A: Zhe wei shi Wing laoshi ma?

i!. ~ ;t .L :t.~1911J?
B: Zhe wei shi Wing Jioshi.
J!. {i~ ~ ~~fo
A: Na wei shi .Zhang Jioshi ma?
/JJS{i ~ ~ ~~, 9.!!i?
B: Na wei shi Zhang Jioshi.
/JJS{i ~ ~ ~~, 0
A: Na wei ye shi lioshi ma?
IJJS {i-t,)t :t ~, ".!\?
39
 B: Ye shi laoshi.
-11!..Jt.~gf 0 14. dzhl
magazine
note-book, exercise-
A: Tamen qil n!r? 15. benzi book ·
1t111-!-~ JL? 16. cR~nmln
People's Daily

B: Tamen qil Tian'anm~n. Ribao>

,ft 111-!- R. fl 0 :. 111• Final

-i [\]
NewWordsandCb'
. meseCh
.i!, aracters
11!1. Jr• Initials
1. zhe
{i this zh ch (sh) r
2. wei
a measure
li. itff Notes
persons
3. shl (f;/J) to be 1 · ;If-at zh ch (sh) r 1mt1als
.. zh, ch, (sh) r
zh,ch~{fjf-.lJI '
4- Wang (~) .I. Wang, a surname
5. laoshi
6. na <tJ ,tg;p teacher
that
<ft>
7· Zhang
8.
.
qu
nar
<t>
(i;/J)
*¾, Zhang,
to go
ti surname

9
IO. Tian•· (fi:) JL where :&'.1f
* It~ ( 2) 'Af le(
( 1) ( 3)
anmen Releasing breath
II. shJ <l> ;t fl Tian'anm en Square Lip-position Holding breath
<t> -t
12. zher
13_ oar <ft> .i!JL
ten
here ~~••ww.~•~:· att~~-~.
zh ~-i'IJ;J'-t~ffltt.
0

<fi:> JJ~ JL ch :lk~ zh mifaqz~.,g..

there
p
r j,fgilli'Ll sh ( .!i!.1~1') -ff, ill r ;li!ftff!~er, Aiii!l~• ,r-fd!iJt, ~J!HIHfrJ% (' ) IIM:Jf O Tian'

{W~f;IJ. • anm<:n.
When a syllable beginning with a, o or c follows another
zh is a retroflex consonant. It. is pro-
liable, the dividing mark (') should be put in between, so as to
duce<! by first turning up the tip of the 5
;oid any confusion over the -syllable boundary, e.g. Tian'anml:n.
tongue against the front of the hard
palate and then loosening it and squeezing Exercises
""· !S>l
the air out through the channel thus
1. l!9,tjll!l\l The four tones
made. The vocal cords do not vibrate. zh{: zhe zhe - zhe.zher
zhe
ch is the same as zh except that it is wei wei-WCi
wei wl:i
aspirated. shi shi shl - shl, shi
shi
r is the voice<! fricative corresponding to sh (see Lesson wang wang wang- wang
wang
Three), so in producing this sound the vocal cords vibrate. lao lao l a o - laoshi
lao
2. zhi chi shi ri q:t (l(J~~ The final in zhi, chi, shi rl na na na - na, nar, nar
na
zhi chi shi ri q:i (l(J :1 i~FA5t:W [1] ,Ell i ~51'. zhi zhang zhang zhang zhang - zb.ang
chi shi ri q:ie<J~-!lJ: i -~::r-:~~.ox [i]. qii qu qu q u - qu
The final in zhi, chi, shi and ri is the blade-palatal vowel tian tian tian - Tian'anml:n
tian
. (J]. _rt should not be confused with [i], which is also represented
za za za za- zazhi
by I, Mn hen hen- benzi
ben
3· JLft Ml-!lJ: Retroflex finals rl:n ren ren- renmin
ren
:ffffii::::: ;r llN~flkf~fiHfiii.oxJLfUlJ~. JL{t~£J:1Jf~lt-t ri ri ri rl - rlbao
iill~, zhe O~il\1% l' &i~~:l!tEMl&*J§';Jm"JL". 2. JOC'fr~iilll'li Disyllabic words
r ( iU)
, nar O~JL) 0 (l) ~119p!f1Jil~-p:r 4th tone plus 1st tone
The retroflex suffix er is . . chenyi
final to form a ret fl sometimes attached to another mianbao
ro ex final h' h . . zhanzheng
letter r to the retrofl 'w IC IS transcnbed by adding the qiche
the retroflexed ch exed final and add.mg the character JL to (2) ~119,i:r;1m~.=,p!f 4th tone plus 2nd tone
aracter e g zhe reqing
4. ~i~5 Divi~-. . r ( :aJL) ' nar ( tl~JL) wenti
ao mg mark neir6ng weilai
e :Jf~Bi).n:-
~~--~-~-~J§'~N. ~T~W~ff 43
 :::JI! 4th tone plus 3rd tone
(3) Jp:g,r1JP~L wo shou
dashi
xiawu A, . ~iiiii9~ "~'l
(4)
shangwtl
ip:g;lf1JPj!W!lP1
i.aijian
4th tone plus another 4th
shlyan Ba ~iiiti9, 0

zhengzhl
shengli
4th tone plus neutral tone
Aa 1t.1n¾~ JL 'l
(5) Jl1!!jlfJlP~pf
bilba
meimei Ba -t~Ani i i r1 o

d1'd'I xiexie • • • •

- --
•
3.
Read aloud the followmg conversation.
A: Zhe shl zazhl ma?
B: Zhe shl iazhl. 1\..
A: Na shl benzi ma?
B: Na shl benzi.
Dl!¥ff Table of Chinese Characters
A: Zhe shi shenme?

i!. i ( .
B: Zhe shi cRenmin Ribao>.
• • •
1 ,l. 7 :i) I i!
i_ ( . 1 i_)
~: Uoshi hao!
C: Nimen hao! 2 {j_ {
A: Uoshi shenti hao ma?
C: Hen hao, xiexie. Nim,en qu nar? e
3 ;)t_
~: WomenquTian'anmen.
)l_ ( - T ,: jF ;(.)
4. ttii,\~ Get to know Chinese characters
4 .1. -==f.1.
A, iil.ii,t;~ J!;7 11
-}I- ( - } ..¼-.)t-)
5 :t-
B, itiiiik;1t 0
t. ( / t.)
44

45
►

ffi-til Lesson 7
- .. ~ ii Conversation

A: Nin s·hi laoshl ma?

~ CD fl. :t ~ifi tiJ!; ?
B: W6 shi laoshi.
;f\;i(.~.,Jifi 0

A: Nin shi na guj ren?

1~ k 11JJ~ 00 A?
B: W6 shi Zhonggu6 ren.

-1\ k tf r!l Ao
A: Nin gui xing?
1t-t -li®?
B: Wo xing Wang.
~ -li ..f-o
47
A: Tl sbl IAoshi JJ1a? name
;}l:t gf 11EJ ? 10. min¢
Harley
B: Ti bo shl laoshi, shl xu~sheng. 11. Hall
~~;}l:tgf, ,l &f !£0 ;:. • tlJ·SUDJlf-Bt'J"M A brief summary
A: Tli sbl ni gu6 r~n? of finals and initials

~:.l~lil ~?
B: Ti shl Y""mggu6 r~n.
-~-ll}:
a[a]
Simple finals
o[o] e[v] @[£) i[i]
-i[\) hl er[~r)
.f\l!.,l ~IA1 Ao u[u] ii{y]
A: TA jiAo sMnme mlngzi 1 Compound finals
j!~-ll}:
.f\l!. "i {t t ,£ !j! ? ai[ai] ei[ei] ao{au] ou[~u]
-ll}: ie{ie] iao{iau] iou(-iu){i~u]
B: Ta jiAo Hall. ia[ia]
uo{uo}. uai[uai] uei(-ui){uei]
ua[ua]
.f\l!."i 11½,1Jo ]"' Ue[ye]
ti:
=· !tillfDfX* New Words and Chinese Characters
• ~-ll}: Nasal finals
ong{utJ]
ang{aIJ] eng[~IJ]
I. n1n <ft) {~
,...;: polite form of Ir- an[an] en[~n}
in[in] iang[iaIJ} ing[iIJ] iong[iuIJ}
2. ni
ian[iim]
<ft) which uen(-un)[u~n} uang[uatJ] ueng*[udtJ]
uan[uan]
3. gu6 (4;) country Uan[yan) lln[yn]
4. ren (,t) A.. person
- Labials b[p] p[p'] m[m] f[f]
s. Fl liiff
Zhonggu6
<-t> 'fml China 'i5~ff Alveolars d[tl t[t'] n[n] l[l]
s{3]
6. gul xing 'i5!J.::'Attff Blade-alveolars z[t3] c[q']
-8}
i'H. (May I) ask your nj:Ulle7 ch[t3'] sh{3]
-a 'i5!J.::.Jgff Blade-palatals ~[q]
en
7. xuesheng
f!!.
-
(,t)
·a
·.::i
8. Yinggu6 student r[~]

9 . jiao
(~)
*ml Britain iSiliiff Alveolars j[tG]
g[k]
q[tG'}
k[k']
X{G]
h[x]
(f;/J) 111 'i5t&if Velars
48 to call •·

49
•
quantl
11!1. !W Notes chuiin yi qunzhong
cbiintian
Disyllabic words
CD "I" 2, -ff"p iii]* kexue
"i" :1u1::At-~W "~" aMJ~. M~~Aii.lt* ,
(1) Xi'an zhuanye
llt~ "i" '3Tfi-~LI, ~~1;1 B¥mtffiv'HlqA, ~ill~ go~gchiing
~tifiillt1ll.iiTlfl "I" illf O ~I\~ chuiinghu
I is the polite form of~ used to address old peop1e or s lunchuari
(2) Chang Jiang
iors. It is also used as a courteous form of address or Peoen.I r6ngyi
roinzhu
who are about the same age as oneself, especially when 0pe Jiangshi
meets them for the first time. ne huochai
(3) huoche
® "tttt" May I ask your (honourable) name? zhunbei
zha.nlan
~iililfiil~::Ott~ti(J-~~~(lq~fllj ft: @l~B;fii]"~J ™" zbentou
*
0

"~p4 ... " jin cheng

tt_ .. ,n, ~~l;J.ill,f~ 0 ·
(4) dia,nche
. is a polite way of asking somebody's
This . name. The an, zhengfu shuijiao
swer 1s ~tt ... or ~P4.... shiqing
3. ~{r~iiili-8 Trisyllabic words
n, !$>J Exercises liuxuesheng dashiguan
1. I i Sound discrimination bangongshi feijichang
zh ch 4. ail~~~ Read aloud the following conversation.
zhidao chidao A: Nin hao!
zhux1 B: Nin hao ! Nin shi na gu6 ren 7
chuxl
Zhongw~n
chongfen A: Wo shi Zhonggu6 ren.
zh j
zhishi B: Nin gui xing?
jiqi A: Wo xing Wang, jiao Wang Youwen.
zhldlt
zhengque
jlshu Nin shi na gu6 ren 7
ch q iingque B: Wo shl Yinggu6 ren.
chi faii A: Nin jiao shenme mingzi 7
B: Wojiao Hali.
51
 -- --
-
5. &iii Get to know Chinese characters.
5 . f ...,i,.("'..ll<-) I -t
A, ~J!_t9f"~1 91 (1 n,0191)
iii!9~ ,' i)t~ i. -

-
B,
*1-
0
6 .ij_
I , Y t I

A, k fi1 A.?
.., . - , ,
.... c---)
B1 4~J. f fil A.o i-
7
- * (\ r7 .r:L #-¾.)
,., tf-li.?
111 0
B, ili~o ~)!_~l\lA_'/
8
(i- )
A, .+;)tl ~o
9 ,,g 1 ( I j 1)
0
-
B,

A, 10 11.{;- 0
% (AA%)
ll¥• Table of Chinese Characters
In ;1:1J ( .. f ,f ~)
ij)
I 11] ( I

_2 _!_ oTj--;::,-n;;-;
lill!l::;-----i-ll-_l
_ _ .L (1..L)
_3_ A. -------'-
4 f IOO~f-------
53
52
r'

A: Ni mama ne?
{.~ -k!!i-k!!i % ?
~Ail . Lesson 8 B: W6 mama shi laoshi.

-. ~ 16 Conversation
$,. -k~-kl!i Jt ~, 0

A: Ni gege gongzuo ma 7
{.r-~~ x.1'1: "l!i?
B: Ta gongzuo, ta shi gongren.
,f{!?. J...1'J:, ,f{!?.Jl .1..A..o
A: Ni ' didi hemeimei ne?
1.i.~ ~;fP#-#-%?
B: Tamen dou sni xuesheng.
,f{!?.{fl ~Jt .Jf 1..o
A: Ni jia you ji kou ren 7 =.. ~iilitllx¥ New Words and Chinese Characters

{,r- f 11 JL O A.? 1. jia (i;) family

B: Wo jiii you liu kou ren: baba, mama, 2. you ( i;/J) in" to have, there is i are
4\f;ffi.oA., .. -WJ-k!!i .. 3. ji ( ~) Jl. how many, several
gege, dldi, meimei he w6. 4. k6u (ii) 0 a measure word for
#.#. ;fp$_.o wells, family members,
A: Ni baba zuo shenme gongzuo? etc.

it~~11 {t .1.111 !i. baba <.«) papa, father

B: Wo baba shl daifu. 6. mama (-i;) -k!!i-kQ; mama, mother
$,.~~a
l:i~"-..:lo 7. gege (i;) elder brother
54
55
 8. didi (~)
younger brother
2.
- =- nt Trisyllabic words - .
:::.'ff,,""' . shouyinJl
9. meimei (~) #.# younger sister pingpangq1u y6uy6ngchl
10. h6 <ii> ;fp arid kexueyuan dashiguan
yruntoqio __ yuetanshl
11. gongzuo (i;f,],~) ..rAt to work; work, . zUoxiangJ 1
Job Four~syllable phrases
12. daifu

13. gongr6n
(~)

(~) **
:L.A...
doctor
worker
3. 119 'lJ " ·
zengjin y6uyl
buxiang bangzhu
youhio fangwen
canjia yanhul
duanlian shentl
relic huiinytng
. . .. . ,
14. dou (jfj) all . . . wenhua Jtaohu
15. jiejie tiyu b1sa1 ·
elder sister M Read aloud the fo)lowing conversation.
4.
16. zhfyuan staff A: Ni hao!
17. gongchengsbi engineer B: Ni ha.o! Ni jia you ji k6u ren'l
A: Wo jiii you sl k6u ren: baba. mama, jiejie he wo.
_, ,S:s:J Exercises B: NI baba zuo shenme gongzuo 7
1. ~pf Neutral tone A: Wo baba shl gongchengshi.
(1) ~-;fl:IJU~pf 1st tone plus neutral tone B: NI mama ye .shi gongchengshi ma 'l

zhuozi zhishi A: Bu. WO ma.ma shi zhiyrian.

shiishu xiansheog B: Ni jiejie ne?
(2) ~-=F:Jm~pf 2nd tone plus neutral tone A: Ta ye shl zhiyuan.
yeye t6ufa 5. &*iA~ Get to know Chinese characters.
bizi kesou ..,, - ..., .., ...,,

(3) ·~ =.jtr:Jm~jtr 3rd tone plus neutral tone A, Jt..o.A.7

...,. - ...., ..,, ..., # '

wanshang nainai
sangzi
B: 4\~~_tt..OA:
nua.nhuo • , V

(4) fill pf:Jm~jtr 4th tone plus neutral tone ~~'Tl> 4\ 0

yisi piaoliang
maozi A,
fuqin
56 57
 it i ,t-;t 91 o
- --
- T··
;if
( . .. )
B1

-- -,
8
A, {~-k~-k~.1-1~"~? -·
(--7;:t~ip~)
B, ~i.1-fFo - -#- *
A, f.t-t ~iPi# ~? - - ~c~~tt*)
9

B, ~1n~i~1. 0 - 10 ;fp ;f
--
-
t1
lll~ft Table of Chinese Characters
11 .I.. - i .I..
,.,. 1-

-
1 J 12 :k.
c-rrtrR~) .

13 }.._ -
.,:k.
-

2 11 -r c--r)
--
JJ c1 nnJJ) 14
----
3 JL ) JL I~ -- --
51

4 0

5 5( (' ,. 'i :i..)

ii~ ffl ffi Classroom Expressions
e, (--? :11 e.)
- 11
I. Xianzai shangke, jintian xuexi di ··· ke.

- -k~
*!¾
6
j -f,~ Let's begin now. We're going to study Lesson .•. today.

- 7
-:f w ( - ;, or )
2. Qing da kiii .sbii, fan dao di ... ye.
Open your books please. Turn to page •.•
3. Qing ting wo nian.
58
59
 Listen to _me while I read•.
4. Qlng gen WO nian.
Read after me please.
s. Qing nr nian.
Read please.
6. Qing zai nian yf bian.
Read again please.
7. .Zhuyi fayin, zhuyi shengdiao.
Pay attention to pronunciation and tones. ·
8. Zhuyi blhua, zhuyi bishun.
Pay attention t~ strokes and stroke order.
9. Gen wo $huo.
Say after me.
10. Zai shuo yf bian.
Say it again.
11. Wo wen, .qlng nl huida.
I'll ask, and you answer please.
12. NI wen, ta huida.
You ask, he (she) answers.
13 Xianzai tingxie, WO nian, nlmen xie.
4't's have a dictation now. 1'11 read, you write.
14. ·Xianzai Hu zuoye. ·
Here's the homework for today1
5
I · Qing fuxi jiu ke, nian kewen.
Please review the previous lesson(s), and read the text(s).
16
· Qing YllXi shengci, }'UXi xin kewen.
Please preview the new words and the text we are going to
study,
60
 :It
iii ff
Table of the SI>eech Sounds of Beijing Dialect

p
1____:m
po
__:•...:•-1-~- -1-----t-b-• i_l__
po
:::_j_m...:•:._i:m__:•:._i:m
poi
:..:•: +-l---l---m-•_i+
pei

1
poo
I

,_•_••---t---1-•:..:':..:"-1--••-•-,--•-••_g
pou

- -:m- -,•_i __m_o_o__m_ou_ 1__m

pan
_•_•+_
beng
_ Pc_'-"--1-•-•_n_g+-p_e_ng_-l-- -
m_m_ 1_m-;--on_g ,_m
_ en_g-+---l- -
i1-~ ~ f - - ~ bin

, mioo
bing
- ~~ - plan 1-p-in-l- --+-p-in
_g_ ,__
min ming
I
_
~ ·- - __ I_ _ ___lj __ L_J___
~- - - - 1-- --H--\
mu - --\---- F
3
uong

'-I\----''-----11---l-----1---l----lr--+---I
ueng

_j__---1-- -1--
u [ ue[uan\un
4

_ _,_

0 00
L:.-'-'-~'0'.J..I' .0:'.-!..-~+-1---:+.:,'=·':-l-~-1-'::.":."+..:.':::"":..+-'~'"'--t-:';:::"":-t-:;'::::"+:::::::i----:;:+ -:r::---h+_JL_J_ _j__ _l_ _1-_ 1..:..:'"'...L--I----...L----j--::-::-;;r,,,----\---.:1----1--+-+--l--+""""4
1 1
d do de doi dei dao dou don dtn dong deng dong di dioo die dlu dion ding - --1-'.'.d'"_
.'. 1-- -!-__:d::•::"-+--l-d:-u-;-ii'LI;-:duo-..: :n+ d=":..:"...:l----+- - +----ll--l---i--1
t to te toi too tau ton tong teng tong t1 _ _ tree tie -- - tin_g_ tu tuo tui j tuon tun
1_ ,:__t..:..:
no:+-e--n-e-l--f---t--_,-.-, nlon _n _in_,_n_io_n.:.g_,_n_in.:.g+ --1-"-"- 1----1- "---,"-"-1 - - _ __,J.r-nu_on_~- -1-- -1- - ...:"...:"-~"-"-•-1---1----1

==
- ,- .-.- --,.-.- --,.-,- -,-.,- nong heng nong ni n100 i~

~l•::..,t._+::l':.../--+---+_:l•:..:'--f---1__:•;__i+.:.:l•:..:•--+_:l•__:•---\-_:.:l•::_•+---t--la__nc_g+-l•_ng':-f-1-•n...:g-j--li-f--li_of-l-io_:o+l...:i•+ll::::"·.)__'.l:'.1°"::.._i._::li:_:n--!-'.li'.:o:'.;ng~_::li::,:ng~---i__:lu=--!--+-:..:lu...:•-t--r:--.-t' l-l-"°...:"+:..:lu_:n-j----l---i--'l-'U+l-Ue-f--t--l

I::~: I:::: :::: ~l---1--- +- -t-:-~_,___1, _:_~_:_ - - -f-:~__,:__,,+:--~_••-e...:::..:~n:"..:+ - --l--

=1-1
--'-i-
L--; -L_::___,__ ,__c_,:___,__:_: <--1--c_':_:-+-_,_•_' -l-c_':_:-+_:_:_~-J---:_:~-1-- :_,;_: ====='-- 1--
H-- - 1--~-+------l---l
s so se si soi soo sou son Sfn song seng song su suo sui , s1.10n sun
,h ...:,h-'o--1-___J_-,h-,--1-,-hi-!---l-,-h-•-i+-,-he-,+-,h-o-o+ ,-h-o-u+-,-ha-,+,-h-,.---+-,h-a-,g+,-h-on-g-+-z-ho-n---lg l- -ll--l-- ~ - - l - - _zhu _ _z_h_uo- +_zh_u_o_ _z_h_uo_t_ _z_h_u-:-
i lt-z_h,_o_n _,h_u_n__,h__:•__:•___:•Oc.__.i_ __j_l-1--+--+-~
1 1 1 1 1
ch cha che chi choi choo chou chon ch, n chong cheng chong I chu chua chuo chua\ chui chuon _cc_h_:un_ _ :..:ch:..:•:..:":..:"":.__i_---1-- l--+--+---I
1
sh sho she shi - - e---'h_o_i+-'-h_ei-f-_sh_o_o_ shou shon shm shong sheng - = ,====-_jl - -f--l------+--+-- l------ -l----+-'h_u_1_,_h_uo_ _,_h_uo_ _,_h_uo_i+-s_h_u1--;\,~•-'"'°-" _,h_u_n _J.. .:.':. :h":..:"c_"9:_i_ __j_1-1----!----+---I
1 1
1--'---!---1--4--'"-1---':.'-1------1--+----!--_:'_:""=-+__:_'":..:"=----!-...:...:'":..:"+ -"_:"---1--_'"-".::"+ '-'-"::_9+-'-"-""=-+-+--l--!----+__:_...:__!----+- _ j - --1----l-_:'"=----:-_:'":..:"-!--'...:"_:"-+--+-'-"-I-!'[1-'-""c_"+-'":..:"-+---l---l--!----+---l--l

1_____!_L_ __
X
,____,__-1--_
l-j--l---l--l------l--1----!--- l-l - --1-----!--- -L-- -l-- -+-- -I- --I-- --I _i_i-1-i_io_l--i_io_o+i _ile- l-1'-'iu-l--'--jia_n-l-'-
1___1__--1-----!----1-- ---l-----!-----1- -+-- -I- - -
xi xio
jin-l--jio_,_gc--1---jl_,gc_l-j-io_ng---!----l---+l_ _ 1 ___1___ - - + - -l, _ _ _
qio qioo qie qlu qion qin qlong
xioo xie
qing qiong
xiu xlon xin xiong xing Xiong
- --!+- -+-- --1- - --l---1- -
1'-+ ju jue iuan jun
· qu que quan qun
1
_

xu xue xuan xun

L--'--g-+-'-go- f-- +--=-ge-f--+--+-"=-"-' -e--.:.g_e_i+=-g•_•-+-9=-•-•_1_...:gc_o_n _g_o_ng_ __ _ gu guo guo guai gui -1--=-gu_on-l---'g-un-l-'--gu_o_n.:._g+ --l---1----1-----t--l
k ko ke koi kei koo kou kan i-'-'"- f-- ' "-".:.9_ 1__ ke_n.:.g+ ':..:":..:".:.
9~ ----l-+- -+-+--l-----+--l- - - l- - -t---~ -'-"--1--'-"o_,_ ku_o_ 1_k_u_o_i kui - k.uon _k_un __ 1_k_u_on...:g'----'·- --'--1---l---i--
l-"'h--l-_:h;:.+al_+I:.:.h;:.+'-1----11...:.:.:h•::_i-+__:h,::•::_i--1---.::h.:••::._J,......:h•::•:__+-:..:h•::•--1---.::h=..."'+.::h::••~gJ.-:.'.:he::_n::'.g_J__:h::_:•::•c'.g--l--~---1-----1-.\-
I ....J,._---\---\----1--+---l-h-•+-h•_•---4__ hu_o--\_h_u_o_1+--hu_,_,l-1-~-
"-'"+-h_un--\_hu_o_n;;_g!----+-+----l--+-I
0 0
, _ __.___.___._•_____cl_-'-•-'~l-•_i_____cl_•_i---!--_""-L l _•_•__:_l:..:_•_•_!.__:_~___J_l__:.:_••~9~-_:•:..:n~g-Ll_ _:~Yi:+~Y•:....Ll~Y-•_:•~l___:Y_•~l~Y•_•...!I_Y~'-"__,l--'Yin__,__
- l ~Y•_n.::g...Ly~i___:ng'-J.--'Y-•___:ng:.J._w_u~l_w_o___J__w__:o-1_w_oi-ll_w_e_:i~l.1-wo_n__,___w_en_,__w_on...:g:.....JJ~w-•_n~gc.i..;y~u....y~u-•-'-'1-~_n_,_~YU_n~
17 Qing bi ~nzi gei wo.
Give me your exercise-books please.
18. Mingtian ceyan.
We're going to have a test tomorrow.
19. XianzAi xiiixi.
Let's take a break.
20. Xianzai xiake.
The class is over.

61
 i }Lil Lesson 9 4. i i -1', "EJ?
ii.ik.-t,,
;fX}lf 1.o Jt. -=!So
-ft~}l f 1.o 5. ~i.itiirl!J7
1,7- }l '3f 1. "EJ ? IJIS i Jk. § tit'
~,l$.-f o
-, .•ji!l:5:1 Substitution Drills
=· ilJt Text
( -)
-;t 9ifi J..A..
- , - A: {,7 -}l !3f _i. "EJ?
** J..;f1.~iji
B:
Ni shl xuesheog ma 1

-'IX.~
1" .i.
1°':.;t...o
W6 shi xuesheng.
~1. -;!~iji A: ,ftk_ !3f j_ "EJ?
..
- - ,

** *OOA B:
Ta shi xuesheng ma?

11!!. }l !3f .1. ' }l ,t Vi]i O

- - - - Ta bu shi xuesheng, ta shi laoshi.
3. 1,t- ;it ;t 9iji "EJ? ,ft .Jtl!!. 11!!.1f1 A: !t!!!.-ll!.,}l ,t Viji irl!J?
.., , . ... - .,
ye shl laoshi ma?
V

~~;,l;t-9ifi, 11,f;-;f1J 1,r, 1f1 Ta

- - ,
B: ~ , .Jtl!!.~}l-;t~iji, .Jtl!!,i(._k*o
;§l.}l~1.o .Jtl!!.1f1 Tx. Bil, ta bu shi laoshi, ta shi daifu.

62 63
, note-book,
$--=f (~) benzi
9. exercise-book
,. shi Zbonggu6 ren, ta shl
Ding W.,n gangbl pen
~{. <«>
1 :.t k r 1A1 ~, 111!.k JO.
pencil
_ • uexi Yingyu. Hali shiYing 11. 11i t. <«> qianbl
xuesheng, ta x e ballpoint pen
it 1tA~ ;i 1tif 0 "¼f•IJ(,*
12 . ffll~{. (~) yu/mzhubl
~;;f.., -
<«) Yingyii English
,:1ti½
J.,
shi liuxuesheng, ta xu.,x, 13.
gu6 ren, 18
students studying
mA, ,ftl!.il~fi-, 1\1?.1>J [4. f3'11.. (,t) liuxuesheng
abroad
Hanyii. Ding Wen he Hali shl pengyou,
friend
il:i¼ J :t ~p®~;f•J ;t JVJ .&. '
0 15. J!Jl c,g > pengyou
zai Beijing Yuyan Xueyuan xuexi. zai in, on. at
tamCD
16. ti- (ft-)

,ftl!.1fl /i.~t. #-i¼-t 1 Ft 1 >Jo 17. ~t.:f-i¼ (~) Beijing Yuyan Beijing Language

-t i:if Ft Xueyuan Institute ·

E. !:iii New Words
~)'f~ll! Additional Words
L .I.;f191 Ct> gongchengshi engineer

ta she, her 1. ,f,t 00 (~) Degu6 Germany

~m
2. (ft)

2. (~) Fagu6 France

3. ~~-, (ft) tamen they, them

4. -r:t ct> Ding ~en Ding Wen, a per- 3. ~00 (~) Meigu6 the United States of
America
son's name
4. El $. (~) Rlben Japan
5. -fi Ct> shii book
6. #;. (t) zhi paper l!!I. f.tff Notes
7. {Jl Ct) bao newspaper © ftiiil "~" pronoun~
8. @i{lt Ct> huabao pictorial ~=
jjl.=:A'1;ftiiil•ta• =t5pii..l: 1'&*• -1-:R! "41!!" , ft&
64 65
 -~-
~tt,-+•"~". ~**tt, -+~"~".~1-..~~J;.%(1

ters:
T he third person pronoun ta is represented by thr
.
111, which means
11!!. •
" "
he ,
. h . " ee char•~
whic means she" and'/', """
• i::; Whi
"•"~~-~· ~-~~--~*~£·$~-
2.
'
ti!J;" ~-Ii] ( -

"-f!" -A!t~il-,
"-Jl;"
~'iiJ~={,)Ej:\:/J;tE
)

tJrJ
The :fk-sentence ( I)
s,,"""'d':1·m~i;:~1:;J-f-P~
mc.~ •.z.-JC'f"'/J)<.
)l5illP'JV'J
a-;(-"
A
l'l •P

gljj/J],
Ji/Ia redica;e which is composed of~
"-/!" ~1:iJ,
"fl!."

means "it". ch A sentence containing p Here -I! is read JO

® :;tW a"1" Conjunction '11 I" ase is called a )!-sentence. .,
lus a word or phr d phrase coming directly after ,J!
it:ifil a$1" -!l!:RJfi"fit~~W. ftiil3ii.1t~iii.l~m. ~I P The wor or
h neutral tone.
*½'-"P], -t!!Al.{P:it~f;l;tii.lii.1tf;l;tii.lm*· "®" itm.:::1-~.t(!(J! t e . I ent in the predicate, e.g.
. the main e em
10Ciil1fflllt, RJfl:tE:&m-~. :mi, ""15. 1fl®iiliffi.. ,, JS ,fl!!.k 1:.' ,f{!!. Jt. 1ifi 0
The conjunction $1 can only connect nouns, pronouns or
nominal phrases; it cannot connect clauses. It seldom connects -r j:_k cJ7 oo A.., 11~;;f1J ~Jt. t:J7 OOA..o .
v~rbs or verbal phrases. When it connects three or more words
.., "~" ~~fi:i.J1:iJ The interrogative sentence endmg
3. m
or phrases,, $1 is placed between the last two, e.g. -t. ffi.~ijj
with . n1, •,a """-"
=
~~T"l"iiJ
'~=
*· .:ii. ilii Grammar
',;J. f?lHlll,
Adding the modal particle llij
. .
to a statement changes 1t mto
an interrogative sentence, e.g.

tt.•.•••a~~
I. &i.g®i-Hff Word order in Chinese
&**M~~~~®A8. H~. ~)t :k.. }._ "EJ?
~m*m, ~ff~~-#*M~a. •••m•~~m.&*"
i:iti¥, -mt~.:Ei-HtEnu, i"i-H-tEFA; f;/Jiill.tfnu, ~*:tEFA, ~'iW
,f{!!.}t* !XIA.. "EJ?
i:ittEnu, $,t.,i.gtfFA. ~:mi, *. ,s >.I Exercises
Chinese is not an inflectional language, so word order
plays an important role in Chinese grammar. Usually, the subject 1. rer~J"P]-rillc.1.ocm "~"
precedes the predicate; the verb precedes the object; the modi- Change the following statements into interrogative ~en-
fier precedes the central elements, e.g. tences:

{.~-½fl ( 1) ~Jl.I..;U.11
~)t~ 1..' T j:-d:,)t .i.o (Z) ~{nJt.~~~o
66 67
 2

<3 > .,t ;f1J }l l!l A" .

AnsWer the questions
according to text (2):

( 4) -;f ;;p ~-.l 1f I!J A.o ( I ) -r )t k if 00 A 11.!!, 'l

(5) .ii.Jl~o ( 2) -r )t)t.~ ".!!J?
<s > ~Alto ( 3) -r j:_ !YJ: >) -i¼ ? 11J!i
11
(7) ~Jlfio <4 > 11,¼;;f•J k 00 A .!!J?
( 8 ) i!Jl $. -f o <s) "$-;;f 1Jk ".!!J?
( 6) 17$-;;f•J >) 1t ?
(9) .i!~~~o
<1) r j:_ ;fi7 11$-:f1lti- "'1~ JL '!if 5J ?
( 10) IJ~ ;i(. 00 Ji ~o
4. ~tHt!l~!!iM#m.@l~fr:iJ.11,
2. ~J!ffr?iJ91Ffliil~faJMl, Give your own answers to the questions:
Answer the questions following the example:
UV Example: <n 1,t- :Jt.. '!if .1. 11l!i?
.i!k lh? < 1~ ~)
11 ( 2) 1,t-:Jt.. ml A.?
.i!~k ~, i.tki~ ~o ( 3) 1,r- 1t _,g !.j! ?
<1 > .i!k 00 £f-- "~? c ) (4) 1,t-'!if5J{t~?
<2 > .i!~ ~-tll "~? < -tfl )
<s ) f,f- ,ti.~ JL '!if >) ?
s. M~. ~mtv~r:111~~. #w-J:iJA!%,
( 3) fi "~? . ( ,$.. -=r ) Read aloud and copy the following dialogue.
Put a proper tone-graph above each word:
<4 > -ft~.I..A"~? ( .I..;f1.1ifi )
( 5) ,f{e.~ ;ifi "~? ( W/ ':!f 1., ) A, {,f-11' !
(
6
) i!!!.~.I.. :f1.1ifi 11.lli? (
s. fflfflifx <=) lel~fAJMi,
** ) B,

A,
1,F'kf !
{,7' }t_ fl/ '!if _1.. "Jli?
68 69
 B, ii_~~ f i.o
gongren gangbl
A, {.r,~\IJlll~~o :r.. gongzuo qiiinbi
{ {
81 A~1t~A.o gongchengshi yuanzhiibi

A, {!,: PHt t,£ :f?

&!¥!& Table of Chinese Characters
B1 APN}:f1Jo
-
A,

B,
f.f. f >) {f t ?
Af >J ~.X.:i%o {,r,-t!!.,:Jt. fn f 1. 0~? -- --
I :fl 1
---
1.10
-i\~k_ fa f ~:-it. t/7 00 f .i.
A, i(-,
{,f. {t z', ,£-1?
1_'
- -- l..f.

-
B, 2 #,
L---

A,

B,
ii, T :(_o
{,f-1 >) {f Z,? - 3 T -T
-I!!..

--
$..1 >) 1f-if;o -i'i -, .::z, i1 -i'i I~
--
A, 4

I #.
L---

t (t
-
B, {,r,Ji 11/)~ JL q: >)? 5 t)
A, 4~,fi.~t. ,'?, -if; i # Pt f >) 0
(,,. ( f ~)

B, 4\-tl!..Ji~r,j~-i,f;ifftf>Jo 6 ~It J ( - t J ) I '[

6. fflffll!!-~'.!aJ/fj/X:¥, it c r ll.) ?

Write the following phonetic transcriptions as Chinese 7 &1 - It

characters:
II) (1 n FJ mllJ)
1aoshi 'J;.. {Yingyu --
9iji 1lgongchengshi 10 Hanyu
i-1 ( I- i-1)

70 71
 5

-
1 (I>
-

-- --
.b ,t -f)
-
8
,---- -
-
pQ ( I n /7J M) ·~ }l
,-_/,&.. -
,..,..,..,~~) ,&..
rr
~,.. ( I

--
16
-
J1
9
- - ,-=- ./i..
.£ ( .,. .; .{.) _!!:_
Ji~
17
- - ;it ;iL;it. -
4 18 ,-
f{;
Ii -·-
-- -·-
-
-
10
19 ,y.. -=- -
l; l Jt. ( J Jt.)
-

----/~I,
- - -------- 0

-
/o ,J,
-
-
11
- 00 Q ,..,
20 12
. -
d d
(1 f )
- I 21 f~
.ro ( , n ffJ .ro ) I--- ,-
- - - ~I
c-
I .
12
4 J ;. f J )
. I 7L C.:;. it) I
* (' ,_ t ;t- *) Ii
·- - --
- 13
- *- c- t ;t ,;K)
- - ~n/~
fl
14 (.,. 'f
)
- /»

--
(""'n)
-
lz1

I 15 I
JJJJ }J cJ, n fiJ JJ)
72
73
 -ia]~, -kt
f-~ Lesson 10
.4 Jiiit~ --IS? -
I.!.,_-;¼::
iii~ 4S 7F°'~'
$..-r,
O
"fj:
_ii;{ tf 5( &1.fflo
Jll!. 00' ~;f1J - V

.i!¾~ ij 17 0 ~.t,, .1.:t-11

1e¾ift? - V -
j)l.1}1n -k-1~?
V

s. -it!!.1f1, !¾~11
-
-, 4f~j$3:/ Substitution Drills i i 1;p }l i 1n i -r j:, -it!!.
~, ~:t-11
,

iJ]~
V

im =• il:it Text

(-)
2
• i!k1t t ii?
A: i! k-ial *' "EJ?
J.j_ f i. 0 i .fl
- 0
iJJ~, ii; :t Zhe shi cidiiin ma?

Jtl!.00, tit-~ B: J!)t-iaJ*'o

Zhe shl •cidiiin .
.ffl, ik :t A: i! k {t -j.;J J!.?
Zhe shl shenme cidiiin?
1i:lift?
3, - '
e¼ ;flj
,
*.;(, iaJ*'o
-
_I. J.. ,fJ jf B: J!)t
1ii i-to
74
Ei-:t-!Jifi ~** Zheshl Yingwen cidiiin.
75

L
 It i(l. {/.J iaJ -I!- ? A ;t 1t ml !'ff 1. ' $.. >J _ijf__ -i½ 0
• hi Y-mggu6 lioxu~heng , WO xu!xi Hanyu.
A: ;i(.hl bul de cfdian? Wo s e .h ra
::r;;i:..,
,1.
Zhe s 5 •
J .:t_)t.$_.~ JVJA_o ~j(_ T
;ct_ j. -,f 1f
Ding Wen shl w6 de ~ngyou. Ta shl Zh6nggu6 xu~heng,
B: Zhe shl Wllll8 Jaoshi de cidiin.

• • fl!!. f>J~"$"o
• ta xu!xf Y-mgyu.
- - - - - : : ; ~ - , A: ~JlJtOO ~?
11
i!k ~1n :fti:, Jl t ml !:if: 1.
Na shl ditu ma? Zhe shl women de jiaoshl, na shl Zh6nggu6 xuesheng
B: ~JlJtl!Jo :fti: o $..1n :t giJi Jl .1.. -:t- giJi o ~1n
Na shi ditu . de jiaoshl. Women de laoshi shi Wang laoshl. Tiimen de
A: /J~ it_ tf l!1 J\!!. 00 ~?
11
1iji Jl lli-:t- giji 0

Na shl Zli6nggu6 ditu ma? laoshi shl Ma laoshl.

a: ~, ~~Jl '11 mJt!l1, .::., ~ilil New Words

Bu, nil bu shl Zhonggu6 ditu,
:J!..,_ :1-, <«) zazhi magazine
I.
,t.-t!t$Jt 00
7F11!.,;
0

na shl shijie dltu. 2. (,t) cidian dictionary

A: IJIS k ifUfr 00 ?
Jt 3. Jt 00 (~) ditu map
Na shl shui de ditu? 4. '17.:t (,t) Zhongwen Chinese
B: /JIS k 11,¼if 1) Jl!?. 00 o 5. *.:t (~) Yingw~n English

6. Af:. .:t
Na sh! Hall de ditu.
(~) Fawen French

7. -tl!:-~ (~) shljie world

•• 9
i!}(.
~.IM
-'I\ ,1 J f { f - - ~t :Y. -i¼ "t f Ft o 8. * (ft) shul who

Zhe shl women de xuexiao - Beijing y uyan Xueyuan. 9. (.lifJ) de structural particle
76 77
 ct> Ma
xuexiao
Ma, a surname
school jjij,
•*~~-••tiiil~. •·•Q{J•~~·b~o•W-*
~$iff.JJ;,llUtflkiiil~fll~iUriiJi;,tf'F)Elio 1li!-1l~fik;(E
(~)

jiaoshl classroom IP ,e, i! l'tnlu :1tl. 911 :Im'. . . . . . .

(~) An attributive (1.e, a4JectJval modifier) 1s used to modify
.,.:!£~iii Additional Words nouns. What is modified is known. as the central word.
. A
noun, pronoun. numeral, measure word or an adjecUve may
Alabowen Arabic
I.
r,,Jj.1a:l<~' function as an attributive, which must be placed before the
(~) Dewen German central word, e.g.
2. ,{tj:_
Ewen Russian ii )t tf ;{_ -¾ 0
3. {(t.j:_ (~)

Spanish 'R1?, }t {f.J JV] ~ o

4.

5.
~J,)1,t :(.(~) Xibiinyawen
a.t (.j;) Riwen Japanese 11,¼:f1JJt *l!l f 1.. o
2. fi!i?l;J.l!IJiiiJ "~" Structural particle Q{J
l!!I, itff Netes tJiil. ~iiilfF~iUl~~JlU~.¥1l<t, ~*flli:fl,t,i.gz.raJ-~
!fJ!ltli~.l!IJiiil -~" 911:m,
© "llt*" "i:fl::t"
0

When indicating possession, a noun or pronoun taken as an

"!Xii" mi:fll:illvt~~*~· -tl1.•i:floo~~1N~~llilif½. attributive should be followed by the structural particle Q{J, e.g.
"lfl :t" -lffiiJ. iiHtJt iliH~:it 2:i'Ji 1--µij (j{J fflfffit;( ;;i:;FRJ, ~I
i!_}t.I.:t"~iJi ff.J-iaJ~o
0

"~>J!Xia" "i:fl:.tiffi:/11" "~*" fl] "~::t" ' . "i1?i!" t

0

"~:t" ~. #Sl.t. if1.1fllilf-f ~~JJI] 0 }t -R1?, €f.J ffi k, 0

!Xi! is the language of the Han nationality and also the com- 3. mMIEJ ~iii! Q{JMfiiJ ill Interrogative sentences in which
mon language of all the other nationalities in China. Generally an interrogati_ve pronoun is used
speaking, IJl:t refers to the Chinese written language. These
* *•
two appellations have different emphases. e,g. 33 & i:fl :ti
mMfiiJ~iii!Q{J~fiiJiu,
fiiJ~$,H.fc~MIEJ~iiil, st~7Mf".liu. giJtJ,
re~~iui:fl~~

;Ji. Similarly, ~* is different from ~::t, and ~*

from ~t. This i.ind of interrogative sentence (i.e. question) is formed
by replacing the element in question in a statement with an
li, ilit Grammar interrogative pronoun. The sentence order remains the
1. tii Attributive same, e.g.
78
79
 >
-fi!!,}l !1J ;t 1ifi 0
{-feJlifi? (3) {,f:~ >) {t ~?
<4 > -r :j:_Jl ifi. 1
·{.i!Jl {/.J M!. 00
cs> T:j:Jl~OOA?
0

.i!Jl ift f/.J Jtl!, 00?

(6) -y_j:_~>J1t~?
*• f§;s;J Exercises ( 7 ) iZ, Jl ift fr-} .;ft 1: ?
1. tHIJ:tlJ!iUJS7tfHMfiiJftjii)~fiiJ, (8) ~Jliftf/.J:4't.1:?
Ask questions on the underlined parts of the followin
. • .
sent_ences, usmg interrogative pronouns:
. g
c9 > ift~ it-1n fr-J :t- !Jifi 1
(1)
•• e -<l-'.l,,l,/!., :ic
~?'{..~.,':J~•~o <10 > ,r m ± fr-J :t- !lifi Jl -ift 1
( 2) Jl ,fi!!, {/.J -ia1 0 a. WJi'-~FA!Y.:i;Jr?tm~. #~..tiJIJ%,
Read aloud the following dialogue, and then copy it, giving
<3 > T JtJl.A f/.; JJ}J ~. the tone-grl!ph for each of the characters:
(4)tl!!,*>}*i¼ 0 A, if.fl!
<5 > i!Jl -t!t$-Jt TB o {,f--ff J
*
B,

<6 > v,f;-;f,J Jl 00 Ao A, _i!}t_;JI:. ,y.-i¼"'t-:!f Ft 11~?

<1 > i!Jl ti!!, 1n f/.J * H 0 8 I Jl o f.t- Jl i¼ 1; -:if F.t -:if !£_ 11~ ?
--r -e AA ,rn -1::. -e -~ rr'"" M ,1.
<s> ~Jlfll*±a1.tf.Ta A, /J'~o -l-'<."'.JIVU5L~1~o '..:j"Pt:..":J'..:f".::t:-o

2. m1@'.~::t <.= >rm*tiiJNR, B, if.~ JI}]~ 1{f Z. _,g ~?

11

Answer the questions according to the Text (2)1 AI -ft 111T j: 0

( l) i!Jl ift fr-J *Ji? B, -ft ':if >J {f Z.?

(2) f,~Jl fll * :!._ 11~? A: ~':if>) *i¼o
BO
81