Scribd
Upload
9 views18 pages

Transmission Medium

The document discusses transmission media, categorizing them into guided media (twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiber-optic cables) and unguided media (wireless communication using radio waves, microwaves, and infrared). It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of twisted-pair cables, as well as the characteristics and applications of wireless communication. Additionally, it addresses the challenges of wireless channels, including errors and interference.

Uploaded by

saptarshighoshofficial11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views18 pages

Transmission Medium

The document discusses transmission media, categorizing them into guided media (twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiber-optic cables) and unguided media (wireless communication using radio waves, microwaves, and infrared). It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of twisted-pair cables, as well as the characteristics and applications of wireless communication. Additionally, it addresses the challenges of wireless channels, including errors and interference.

Uploaded by

saptarshighoshofficial11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Figure 7.

1 Transmission medium and physical layer

7.1
Which medium has to used

◼ Transmission rate
◼ Cost & easy of installation
◼ Resistance to environment condition
◼ Distance

7.2
Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media

7.3
7-1 GUIDED MEDIA

Guided media, which are those that provide a conduit


from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable,
coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.

Topics discussed in this section:


Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable

7.4
Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable

7.5
Twisted pair Twisted pair
(Advantage) (Disadvantage)

Simple,flexible Attenuation carrying a


signal for large disatance
Easy to install Low bandwidth
Low weight
cheap

7.6
Figure 7.4 UTP and STP cables

7.7
Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable

7.8
Figure 7.10 Fiber optics: Bending of light ray

7.9
Figure 7.11 Optical fiber

7.10
7-2 UNGUIDED MEDIA: WIRELESS

Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves


without using a physical conductor. This type of
communication is often referred to as wireless
communication.

Topics discussed in this section:


Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infrared

7.11
Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves

7.12
Note

Radio waves are used for multicast


communications, such as radio and
television, and paging systems. They
can penetrate through walls.
Highly regulated. Use omni directional
antennas

7.13
Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antenna

7.14
Note

Microwaves are used for unicast


communication such as cellular
telephones, satellite networks,
and wireless LANs.
Higher frequency ranges cannot
penetrate walls.
Use directional antennas - point to point
line of sight communications.
7.15
Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas

7.16
Note

Infrared signals can be used for short-


range communication in a closed area
using line-of-sight propagation.

7.17
Wireless Channels

◼ Are subject to a lot more errors than guided


media channels.
◼ Interference is one cause for errors, can be
circumvented with high SNR.
◼ The higher the SNR the less capacity is
available for transmission due to the
broadcast nature of the channel.
◼ Channel also subject to fading and no
coverage holes.

7.18

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy