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Information Systems

The document provides an overview of information systems, defining key concepts such as data, information, and systems. It discusses the components of computer-based information systems (CBIS), including hardware, software, and telecommunications, as well as the role of business information systems in decision-making. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data processing activities and the ethical considerations surrounding information systems.

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8 views25 pages

Information Systems

The document provides an overview of information systems, defining key concepts such as data, information, and systems. It discusses the components of computer-based information systems (CBIS), including hardware, software, and telecommunications, as well as the role of business information systems in decision-making. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data processing activities and the ethical considerations surrounding information systems.

Uploaded by

hmhssaleemi02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Overview
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT
Starting Note…
Data Vs. Information
Data:
Raw unorganized facts

Information:
A collection of facts organized in such a way that
they have additional value beyond the value of
the facts themselves.

Defining and organizing relationships among data creates


information.
System

A system is a set of elements or


components that interact to
accomplish goals.
Information Concepts
Process:
A set of logically related tasks performed to
achieve a defined outcome.
Knowledge:
An awareness and understanding of a set
of information and ways that information
can be made useful to support a specific
task or reach a decision
An Introduction to Information
Systems
Information System:

An information system is a set of interrelated


components that collect, manipulate, store data
and disseminate information and provide a
feedback mechanism to monitor performance.
What is an Information System?

An organized combination of people,


hardware, software, communications
networks, and data resources that
collects data, transforms it, and
disseminates information.
The Value of Information

The value of Information is directly


linked to how it helps decision makers
achieve their organization’s goals.
CBIS (Comp. based Info Sys)
A computer based informatization
system is a combination of people, IT
and business processes that help
management in taking important
decisions to carry out the business
successfully
CBIS (Comp. based Info Sys)
Hardware:
Computer Equipment
Software:
Computer Programs
Databases:
An organized collections of facts
Enables organizations to
carry out their processes
and tasks through effective
CBIS computer networks.

Telecommunications:
Electronic transmission of signals for communication
Networks: Computers and equipment that are connected in a building, around
the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications.
Internet: The world’s largest computer network, consisting of thousands of
interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.
Intranet: An internal network based on Web technologies that allows people
within an organization to exchange information and work on projects.
Extranet: A network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders,
such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a
company’s intranet
CBIS
People

Procedures:
Strategies, policies, methods, and
rules for using a CBIS.
Business Information Systems

Business information systems are sets of inter-related


procedures using IT infrastructure in a business enterprise to
generate and disseminate desired information.

Information can be used to support forecasting, planning,


control, coordination, decision making and operational
activities
Business Information Systems
Electronic and Mobile
Commerce
E-Commerce:
Any business transaction executed electronically between companies
(business-to-business, or B2B), companies and consumers (business-
to-consumer, or B2C), consumers and other consumers (consumer-
to-consumer, or C2C).

M-Commerce:
The use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct
business
Relies on wireless communications
TPS

 Transaction
◦ A transaction is any business-related exchange such as payments to
employees, sales to customers, or payments to suppliers.
 Transaction Processing System (TPS)
◦ TPS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software,
databases, and devices used to perform and record business
transactions.
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
◦ A set of integrated programs for managing the entire
business operations
Management Information System:
A system used to provide routine information to managers
and decision makers. MISs typically provide standard reports
generated with data and information from the TPS or ERP

Decision Support System:


A system used to support problem- specific decision making
Remember!
The focus of a DSS is on making effective decisions. Whereas an MIS
helps an organization “do things right,” a DSS helps a manager “do the
right thing”.
Information Systems in Society

Security, Privacy, Ethical Issues in


Information Systems and the
Internet.
Information System Activities

1. Input of Data Resources


2. Process Data into Information
3. Output of Information
Input of Data Resources
Data entry
Editing
Machine readable
Source documents
◦ Formal record of a transaction
User interface
◦ How users interact with information system
◦ Optical scanning; menu; prompts; fill in blanks
Process Data into Information
 Calculate
 Compare
 Sort
 Classify
 Summarize

The quality of the data must be maintained by a continual


process of correcting and updating activities
Output of Information
• Transmit information to users
◦ Display; paper; audio
• Storage of data
◦ Data are retained in an organized manner
◦ Fields; records; files; data bases
• Control of system performance
◦ Feedback must be monitored and evaluated to determine
if the information system is meeting established
performance standards

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