Q.1: Evaluate 2 tan2 45° + cos2 30° – sin2 60°.

Solution: Since we know,

tan 45° = 1

cos 30° = √3/2

sin 60° = √3/2

Therefore, putting these values in the given equation:

2(1)2 + (√3/2)2 – (√3/2)2

=2+0

=2

Q.2: If tan θ + cot θ = 5, find the value of tan2θ + cotθ. (2012)

Solution:
tan θ + cot θ = 5 … [Given
tan2θ + cot2θ + 2 tan θ cot θ = 25 … [Squaring both sides

∴ tan2θ + cot2θ = 23
tan2θ + cot2θ + 2 = 25

Q.3: If tan (A + B) =√3 and tan (A – B) =1/√3, 0° < A + B ≤ 90°; A > B, find A and B.

Solution: Given,

tan (A + B) = √3

As we know, tan 60° = √3

Thus, we can write;

⇒ tan (A + B) = tan 60°

⇒(A + B) = 60° …… (i)

Now again given;

Since, tan 30° = 1/√3

Thus, we can write;

⇒ tan (A – B) = tan 30°

⇒(A – B) = 30° ….. (ii)

Adding the equation (i) and (ii), we get;

A + B + A – B = 60° + 30°

2A = 90°

A= 45°

Now, put the value of A in eq. (i) to find the value of B;

45° + B = 60°

B = 60° – 45°

B = 15°

Therefore A = 45° and B = 15°

Q.4: If tan α = 3–√ and tan β = 13√,0 < α, β < 90°, find the value of cot (α + β). (2012)

Solution:

tan α = 3–√ = tan 60° …(i)

∴ cot (α + β) = cot (60° + 30°) = cot 90° = 0

Q.5: If tan 2A = cot (A – 18°), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

Solution: Given,
tan 2A = cot (A – 18°)

As we know by trigonometric identities,

tan 2A = cot (90° – 2A)

Substituting the above equation in the given equation, we get;

⇒ cot (90° – 2A) = cot (A – 18°)

Therefore,

⇒ 90° – 2A = A – 18°

⇒ 108° = 3A

A = 108° / 3

Hence, the value of A = 36°

Q.6: If sec θ + tan θ = 7, then evaluate sec θ – tan θ. (2017OD)

Solution:

We know that,
sec2θ – tan2θ = 1
(sec θ + tan θ) (sec θ – tan θ) = 1

∴ sec θ – tan θ = 17
(7) (sec θ – tan θ) = 1 …[sec θ + tan θ = 7; (Given)

Q.7: Show that :

(i) tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° = 1

(ii) cos 38° cos 52° – sin 38° sin 52° = 0

Solution:

(i) tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67°

We can also write the above given tan functions in terms of cot functions, such as;
tan 48° = tan (90° – 42°) = cot 42°

tan 23° = tan (90° – 67°) = cot 67°

Hence, substituting these values, we get

= cot 42° cot 67° tan 42° tan 67°

= (cot 42° tan 42°) (cot 67° tan 67°)

= 1 × 1 [since cot A.tan A = 1]

=1

(ii) cos 38° cos 52° – sin 38° sin 52°

We can also write the given cos functions in terms of sin functions.

cos 38° = cos (90° – 52°) = sin 52°

cos 52°= cos (90° – 38°) = sin 38°

Hence, putting these values in the given equation, we get;

sin 52° sin 38° – sin 38° sin 52° = 0

Q.8: If cosec θ = 54, find the value of cot θ. (2014)

Solution:

⇒ 2516 – ⇒ 25−1616
We know that, cot2θ = cosec2θ – 1
= (54)2 – 1 1
coť2θ = 916 i cot θ = 34

Q.9: If A, B and C are interior angles of a triangle ABC, then show that sin [(B + C)/2] =
cos A/2.

Solution:

As we know, for any given triangle, the sum of all its interior angles is equals to 180°.
Thus,

A + B + C = 180° ….(1)

Now we can write the above equation as;

⇒ B + C = 180° – A

Dividing by 2 on both the sides;

⇒ (B + C)/2 = (180° – A)/2

⇒ (B + C)/2 = 90° – A/2

Now, put sin function on both sides.

⇒ sin (B + C)/2 = sin (90° – A/2)

Since,

sin (90° – A/2) = cos A/2

Therefore,

sin (B + C)/2 = cos A/2

Q.10: What happens to value of cos when increases from 0° to 90°? (2015)

Solution:

cos 0° = 1, cos 90° = 0

Q.11: If sin θ + cos θ = √3, then prove that tan θ + cot θ = 1.

Solution:

Given,

sin θ + cos θ = √3
Squaring on both sides,

(sin θ + cos θ)2 = (√3)2

sin2θ + cos2θ + 2 sin θ cos θ = 3

Using the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1,

1 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 3

2 sin θ cos θ = 3 – 1

2 sin θ cos θ = 2

sin θ cos θ = 1

sin θ cos θ = sin2θ + cos2θ

⇒ (sin2θ + cos2θ)/(sin θ cos θ) = 1

⇒ [sin2θ/(sin θ cos θ)] + [cos2θ/(sin θ cos θ)] = 1

⇒ (sin θ/cos θ) + (cos θ/sin θ) = 1

⇒ tan θ + cot θ = 1

Hence proved.

Q.12: Express cot 85° + cos 75° in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0°
and 45°.

Solution:

cot 85° + cos 75°

= cot (90° – 5°) + cos (90° – 15°)

We know that cos(90° – A) = sin A and cot(90° – A) = tan A

= tan 5° + sin 15°

Solution:

(cos267° – sin223°) = cos2(90° – 23°) – sin223°

We know that cos(90° – A) = sin A

= sin223° – sin223°

=0

Therefore, (cos267° – sin223°) = 1.

Q.14: Express cot 75° + cosec 75° in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0°
and 30°. (2013)

Solution:
cot 75° + cosec 75°
= cot(90° – 15°) + cosec(90° – 15°)
= tan 15° + sec 15° …[cot(90°-A) = tan A
cosec(90° – A) = sec A

Q.15: Prove that (sin A – 2 sin3A)/(2 cos3A – cos A) = tan A.

Solution:

LHS = (sin A – 2 sin3A)/(2 cos3A – cos A)

= [sin A(1 – 2 sin2A)]/ [cos A(2 cos2A – 1]

Using the identity sin2θ + cos2θ = 1,

= [sin A(sin2A + cos2A – 2 sin2A)]/ [cos A(2 cos2A – sin2A – cos2A]

= [sin A(cos2A – sin2A)]/ [cos A(cos2A – sin2A)]

= sin A/cos A

= tan A
= RHS

Hence proved.