1. Which of the following is the primary function of the nervous system?

A. Producing red blood cells

B. Digesting food
C. Sending and receiving information
D. Transporting oxygen
Correct answer: C

2. What are the two main types of cells found in nervous tissue?
A. Myocytes and keratinocytes
B. Neurons and neuroglia
C. Fibroblasts and mast cells
D. Chondrocytes and osteocytes
Correct answer: B

3. What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

A. Astrocyte
B. Axon
C. Neuron
D. Nucleus
Correct answer: C

4. What is the role of neuroglia (glial cells)?

A. Conducting nerve impulses
B. Supporting and protecting neurons
C. Transporting oxygen
D. Producing neurotransmitters
Correct answer: B

5. What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

A. Conduct impulses away from the cell body
B. Insulate axons
C. Receive messages and conduct them toward the cell body
D. Store neurotransmitters
Correct answer: C

6. What is the name of the insulating layer around axons?

A. Axon hillock
B. Synapse
C. Neurolemma
D. Myelin
Correct answer: D
7. Which type of neuroglia produces myelin in the central nervous system?
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Schwann cells
D. Satellite cells
Correct answer: B

8. The gaps between myelin sheaths are known as:

A. Axon terminals
B. Nodes of Ranvier
C. Neurofibrils
D. Nissl bodies
Correct answer: B

9. Which classification of neurons has a single process that divides into two branches?
A. Multipolar
B. Unipolar
C. Bipolar
D. Pseudounipolar
Correct answer: D

10. What type of neuron is typically found in the retina?

A. Multipolar
B. Pseudounipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Bipolar
Correct answer: D

11. Which part of the neuron initiates the action potential?

A. Dendrites
B. Axon terminal
C. Soma
D. Axon hillock
Correct answer: D

12. In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is produced by:

A. Astrocytes
B. Schwann cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Microglia
Correct answer: B

13. What is found at the axon terminal?

A. Synaptic cleft
B. Nucleus
C. Nissl bodies
D. Node of Ranvier
Correct answer: A

14. Neurotransmitters are stored and released from:

A. Dendrites
B. Soma
C. Axon terminal
D. Nodes of Ranvier
Correct answer: C

15. Which of the following best describes grey matter?

A. Only myelinated axons
B. Contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons
C. Only glial cells
D. Dense connective tissue
Correct answer: B

16. What is the role of Nissl bodies in neurons?

A. Conduct impulses
B. Protein synthesis
C. Ion transport
D. Myelin production
Correct answer: B

17. Which structural type of neuron is most commonly associated with motor function?
A. Bipolar
B. Pseudounipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Multipolar
Correct answer: D

18. Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual axons in a nerve?

A. Epineurium
B. Myelin
C. Perineurium
D. Endoneurium
Correct answer: D

19. What surrounds a bundle (fascicle) of axons?

A. Endoneurium
B. Epineurium
C. Perineurium
D. Myelin sheath
Correct answer: C

20. Which layer surrounds the entire peripheral nerve?

A. Perineurium
B. Epineurium
C. Endoneurium
D. Myelin sheath
Correct answer: B

21. The fusion of which two meningeal layers contributes to the formation of the epineurium?
A. Dura and pia mater
B. Arachnoid and dura mater
C. Arachnoid and pia mater
D. Pia and endoneurium
Correct answer: C

22. Which neuron type is characterized by one axon and no dendrites?

A. Pseudounipolar
B. Multipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Bipolar
Correct answer: C

23. Sensory neurons are functionally classified as:

A. Efferent
B. Interneurons
C. Afferent
D. Motor neurons
Correct answer: C

24. Interneurons are located exclusively in the:

A. Brainstem
B. PNS
C. CNS
D. Spinal nerves
Correct answer: C

25. Which neuron classification includes two processes from a central cell body?
A. Multipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Pseudounipolar
D. Unipolar
Correct answer: B
26. What is the major structural feature of motor neurons?
A. Bipolar structure
B. Pseudounipolar structure
C. Multipolar structure
D. No axons
Correct answer: C

27. Neuroglia that line the ventricles of the brain are called:
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Ependymal cells
D. Schwann cells
Correct answer: C

28. Which neuroglial cells are responsible for phagocytosis in the CNS?
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal cells
Correct answer: B

29. Which neuroglia form the blood-brain barrier?

A. Microglia
B. Schwann cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Astrocytes
Correct answer: D

30. Satellite cells are found in the:

A. CNS
B. PNS
C. Brain ventricles
D. Spinal cord grey matter
Correct answer: B

31. What is the function of Schwann cells?

A. Secrete cerebrospinal fluid
B. Immune surveillance
C. Myelinate PNS axons
D. Form synapses
Correct answer: C

32. Which cells myelinate CNS axons?

A. Schwann cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Satellite cells
Correct answer: C

33. Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

A. Brace neurons
B. Conduct nerve impulses
C. Control K+ concentration
D. Form a barrier between capillaries and neurons
Correct answer: B

34. Axonal transport toward the axon terminal is called:

A. Retrograde transport
B. Transverse transport
C. Circular transport
D. Anterograde transport
Correct answer: D

35. The motor protein responsible for retrograde transport is:

A. Actin
B. Kinesin
C. Dynein
D. Myosin
Correct answer: C

36. Which motor protein is responsible for anterograde transport?

A. Dynein
B. Actin
C. Myosin
D. Kinesin
Correct answer: D

37. What guides the materials along axons during axonal transport?
A. Nissl bodies
B. Neurofibrils
C. Synaptic vesicles
D. Microtubules
Correct answer: D

38. Neurons typically do not undergo mitosis because they lack which structure?
A. Lysosomes
B. Centrosomes
C. Nucleolus
D. Golgi bodies
Correct answer: B

39. Most brain tumors originate from:

A. Neurons
B. Blood vessels
C. Neuroglial cells
D. Schwann cells
Correct answer: C

40. Gliomas are tumors that involve:

A. Neurons
B. Myelin sheaths
C. Neuroglia
D. Axon terminals
Correct answer: C

41. Which condition is caused by the destruction of myelin in the CNS?

A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Epilepsy
D. Alzheimer’s disease
Correct answer: B

42. What is the term for the hardened tissue that replaces myelin in multiple sclerosis?
A. Myelin plaque
B. Neurofibril
C. Scleroses
D. Scar tissue
Correct answer: C

43. Which cells fail to function properly in multiple sclerosis?

A. Microglia
B. Schwann cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Astrocytes
Correct answer: C

44. Which part of the nervous system is primarily affected in motor neuron disease?
A. Sensory neurons
B. Interneurons
C. Motor neurons
D. Schwann cells
Correct answer: C

45. Which degenerative disease involves damage to motor neurons and includes ALS?
A. Alzheimer’s
B. Huntington’s disease
C. Motor neuron disease
D. Guillain-Barré syndrome
Correct answer: C

46. In which direction does retrograde axonal transport occur?

A. Away from the soma
B. Toward the soma
C. Circular around the soma
D. Across the synaptic cleft
Correct answer: B

47. What structure contains the neurotransmitter vesicles?

A. Dendrites
B. Soma
C. Axon hillock
D. Axon terminal
Correct answer: D

48. What helps facilitate neurotransmitter secretion at axon terminals?

A. High number of lysosomes
B. Presence of ribosomes
C. Numerous mitochondria
D. Rough ER
Correct answer: C

49. What does the synaptic cleft separate?

A. Soma and axon
B. Dendrite and nucleus
C. Axon terminal from the next neuron
D. Nodes of Ranvier
Correct answer: C

50. Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in transport in neurons?

A. Neurofibrils
B. Ribosomes
C. Nissl bodies
D. Microtubules
Correct answer: D
51. The central nervous system includes:
A. Brain and peripheral nerves
B. Spinal cord and peripheral ganglia
C. Brain and spinal cord
D. Ganglia and spinal nerves
Correct answer: C

52. The peripheral nervous system includes:

A. Brain and spinal cord
B. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
C. Brain and cranial ganglia
D. Ventricles and meninges
Correct answer: B

53. What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS called?

A. Ganglion
B. Nucleus
C. Tract
D. Plexus
Correct answer: B

54. What are bundles of axons in the CNS known as?

A. Nerves
B. Ganglia
C. Tracts
D. Fascicles
Correct answer: C

55. What is a bundle of axons in the PNS called?

A. Tract
B. Ganglion
C. Nucleus
D. Nerve
Correct answer: D

56. What are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS called?
A. Tracts
B. Ganglia
C. Nuclei
D. Lobes
Correct answer: B

57. The synaptic cleft is found between:

A. Dendrites and axon hillock
B. Cell body and axon
C. Axon terminals and the next cell
D. Axon and its myelin sheath
Correct answer: C

58. Myelinated axons allow for faster transmission of impulses via:

A. Continuous conduction
B. Passive diffusion
C. Saltatory conduction
D. Electrical synapses
Correct answer: C

59. The function of interneurons is to:

A. Carry impulses from CNS to muscles
B. Connect sensory and motor neurons
C. Produce neurotransmitters
D. Regulate ionic balance
Correct answer: B

60. Where are interneurons located?

A. Brain ventricles
B. PNS
C. Spinal cord grey matter
D. CNS
Correct answer: D

61. Which part of the neuron contains Nissl bodies?

A. Axon terminal
B. Axon hillock
C. Cell body
D. Nodes of Ranvier
Correct answer: C

62. Nissl bodies are primarily made of:

A. Microtubules
B. Mitochondria
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Neurofilaments
Correct answer: C

63. Which of the following is NOT part of the cytoskeleton in neurons?

A. Neurofibrils
B. Microtubules
C. Kinesin
D. Microfilaments
Correct answer: C

64. The axon hillock is characterized by:

A. Lack of mitochondria
B. High sodium concentration
C. Presence of lysosomes
D. Dense Nissl bodies
Correct answer: B

65. Which process carries proteins from the soma to the axon terminal?
A. Retrograde transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Anterograde transport
Correct answer: D

66. Which neuroglia is derived from embryonic mesenchyme?

A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Ependymal cells
D. Schwann cells
Correct answer: B

67. The nodes of Ranvier facilitate:

A. Continuous conduction
B. Synaptic delay
C. Saltatory conduction
D. Slow impulse transmission
Correct answer: C

68. Schwann cells are derived from:

A. Neuroepithelial cells
B. Neural crest cells
C. Embryonic mesoderm
D. Mesenchyme
Correct answer: B

69. Satellite cells primarily function to:

A. Myelinate CNS axons
B. Protect cell bodies in the PNS
C. Secrete cerebrospinal fluid
D. Conduct electrical impulses
Correct answer: B
70. Ependymal cells are located in the:
A. Spinal ganglia
B. Myelin sheath
C. Ventricles of the brain and central canal
D. Neuromuscular junction
Correct answer: C

71. What structure appears as the nerve exits the intervertebral foramen?
A. Dura mater
B. Pia mater
C. Epineurium
D. Endoneurium
Correct answer: C

72. The major function of oligodendrocytes is to:

A. Provide immune defense
B. Secrete neurotransmitters
C. Form the myelin sheath in the CNS
D. Line ventricles
Correct answer: C

73. Which of the following structures has only one axon and many dendrites?
A. Bipolar neuron
B. Multipolar neuron
C. Pseudounipolar neuron
D. Unipolar neuron
Correct answer: B

74. The most abundant type of neuron in the body is:

A. Unipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Multipolar
D. Pseudounipolar
Correct answer: C

75. Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus and organelles?
A. Dendrite
B. Axon
C. Axon terminal
D. Cell body
Correct answer: D

76. Myelin in the PNS is formed by:

A. Astrocytes
B. Schwann cells
C. Microglia
D. Satellite cells
Correct answer: B

77. Myelin in the CNS is formed by:

A. Schwann cells
B. Satellite cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Microglia
Correct answer: C

78. What separates adjacent Schwann cells along an axon?

A. Nissl bodies
B. Nodes of Ranvier
C. Axon terminals
D. Synaptic clefts
Correct answer: B

79. What condition leads to a progressive loss of motor neurons?

A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Motor neuron disease
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Correct answer: B

80. Which neuroglia helps regulate K+ concentration in the CNS?

A. Microglia
B. Ependymal cells
C. Astrocytes
D. Schwann cells
Correct answer: C

81. The main function of sensory (afferent) neurons is to:

A. Carry impulses from CNS to effectors
B. Connect sensory and motor neurons
C. Conduct impulses within the spinal cord
D. Transmit signals from receptors to the CNS
Correct answer: D

82. Afferent neurons typically have what structural classification?

A. Bipolar
B. Pseudounipolar
C. Multipolar
D. Unipolar
Correct answer: B

83. Which cell type in the CNS acts like immune cells?
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Astrocytes
C. Microglia
D. Ependymal cells
Correct answer: C

84. Which neuroglial cells form a physical barrier between capillaries and neurons?
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Ependymal cells
D. Schwann cells
Correct answer: A

85. What major histological difference distinguishes grey and white matter?
A. Presence of mitochondria
B. Type of glial cells
C. Myelinated vs. unmyelinated axons
D. Type of neurotransmitter
Correct answer: C

86. What is the primary content of white matter?

A. Neuron cell bodies and dendrites
B. Unmyelinated axons and nuclei
C. Myelinated axons
D. Blood vessels and glial cells
Correct answer: C

87. Which structure allows neurotransmitters to bind to the next neuron?

A. Dendrite membrane receptors
B. Axon hillock
C. Microtubules
D. Myelin sheath
Correct answer: A

88. What is the result of neurotransmitters binding to receptors on the next neuron?
A. Myelination
B. Action potential initiation
C. Axonal degeneration
D. Node formation
Correct answer: B

89. Where does the action potential usually begin in a neuron?

A. Synapse
B. Axon terminal
C. Axon hillock
D. Soma
Correct answer: C

90. What structure carries impulses toward the neuron’s cell body?
A. Axon
B. Synaptic knob
C. Dendrite
D. Node of Ranvier
Correct answer: C

91. What is the most distal part of the neuron where neurotransmitters are released?
A. Axon hillock
B. Soma
C. Axon terminal
D. Nissl body
Correct answer: C

92. Which component is abundant in axon terminals for energy supply?

A. Ribosomes
B. Mitochondria
C. Microtubules
D. Neurofibrils
Correct answer: B

93. Which of the following describes a bipolar neuron?

A. One axon and no dendrites
B. One axon and one dendrite
C. One axon with many dendrites
D. Two axons
Correct answer: B

94. What type of neuron is common in the retina?

A. Pseudounipolar
B. Multipolar
C. Bipolar
D. Unipolar
Correct answer: C
95. In saltatory conduction, the nerve impulse jumps between:
A. Dendrites
B. Cell bodies
C. Nodes of Ranvier
D. Synapses
Correct answer: C

96. Which cell type surrounds and insulates peripheral neuron cell bodies?
A. Microglia
B. Satellite cells
C. Ependymal cells
D. Astrocytes
Correct answer: B

97. Which glial cell forms a selective barrier in the CNS?

A. Schwann cell
B. Microglia
C. Astrocyte
D. Oligodendrocyte
Correct answer: C

98. What is the key histological feature of neurons that distinguishes them from glial cells?
A. Ability to divide
B. Myelin production
C. Electrical excitability
D. Small size
Correct answer: C

99. What characteristic of neurons makes them unlikely to form tumors?

A. Presence of axons
B. Lack of mitotic activity
C. Size of the nucleus
D. Lack of glial cells
Correct answer: B

100. Which of the following terms refers to a nerve fiber bundle in the CNS?
A. Fascicle
B. Ganglion
C. Tract
D. Nerve
Correct answer: C