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CPG-Step2-Pillar Gridding

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41 views12 pages

CPG-Step2-Pillar Gridding

Uploaded by

Sumani Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3D Grid Construction

Pillar Gridding
Pillar Gridding Process
Based on the previously
generated key pillars, normal
pillars are now established
throughout the reservoir from
set parameters including, e.g.,
the boundary and grid
Preview skeleton based on the mid- Output skeletons established from top,
increment . points of the Key pillars mid and base points of the key pillars

Structural Modeling

Fault modeling Pillar Gridding Make Horizons Make Zones Layering


Pillar Gridding - Concept
Pillar Gridding is the process of making the Skeleton Framework. The Skeleton is a grid consisting of a Top,
a Mid and a Base skeleton grid, each attached to the Top, the Mid and the Base points of the Key
Pillars. In addition to the three skeleton grids, there are pillars connecting every corner of every grid cell
to their corresponding corners on the adjacent skeleton grid(s).
When creating the Pillar Grid, you will work with the Mid Skeleton grid. The Mid Skeleton grid is the grid
attached to the mid-line that connects the Key Pillars. The purpose is to create a grid that looks OK at
the midpoint level, with respect to grid cell size, orientation and appearance of the cells. The next step is
to extrapolate this Mid Skeleton upward and downward in order to create the Top and the Base
skeletons.
Once this Skeleton Framework has been created, the input surfaces can be inserted into it, honoring the
faults that have been created.
One of the advantages of this process is that the grid is created based on the faults and not based on the
surfaces themselves (only the fault information from the surfaces). This means that an update of the
model, with respect to a new horizon or new well top, will be fast since you don’t have to repeat the
Fault Modeling and Pillar Gridding processes.

A 3D skeleton grid is a 2D grid mesh extended into the third dimension. A 2D-grid mesh is defined by rows
and columns positioned in the X and Y directions (2 dimensions). A 3D grid mesh is defined by rows,
columns and pillars positioned in the X, Y, and Z directions (3 dimensions).
Overview
Pillars: Lines that define the corners of 3D
cells. In the Pillar gridding process, they are
still virtual until the process is completed.
Pillars

Pillars
+
Edges

Pillars
+
Edges
Note: This +
illustrates the Base & Top
concepts of cells, =
but skeletons do Cells
not define physical
cells yet .
Terminology

Boundary
Polygon, boundary segment ,or part
of boundary.

Trends
Guidance for the grid cell shape and
orientation. Can be used as segment
divider where there are no faults.

Directions
Guidance for orientation of cells
along faults.

Segments
Faulted compartment closed by
faults and/or trends and/or grid
boundary.
Boundary – A boundary must be created in order to define the area of interest. You can use a polygon as input,
or you can digitize the boundary based on the fault. The faults themselves can be set as part of the boundary.
Trends - can be used to improve the quality of the grid between the faults. The trends can be defined in the I and
J directions. They can be defined connecting one fault to another, along faults or in between faults. Trends cannot
cross faults. Trends can be used inside the model to separate areas into different segments.
Faults – Faults will, by default, separate areas into fault compartments (as longs as the faults are connected to
give closed compartments). They can be given a direction in either the I or J direction. They can be chosen to
only work as a trend, or to not separate areas into fault compartments.
Segments – (fault compartments) are areas that are closed by faults, grid boundary, trends or any combination of
these. Segments are used in several processes in Petrel. For instance, different settings and filtering can be
applied to segments, and volumes will be reported by segment when running the Volume calculation process.
Directions and Trends

J-direction

I-trend

I-direction

Arbitrary

J-Trend
Fault Directions and Trends along the I or J direction
The user can give direction to faults and apply trends. Trends are used for the same purpose as the directed
faults, to guide the gridding process and control the direction of the cells. Fundamentally, it is used where we do
not have a fault to give a direction. The purpose of the two is to improve the quality of the grid by orienting the
cells parallel to the faults. This is especially useful for simulation grids.
Always start simple, using no trends or directions and see if the pillar gridding process runs. If the fault
geometries are complex, you might need to help the gridding process by giving directions to faults and/or
entering trends into the grid. If you need to use directions and trends, start with a few and add more once you
see how the gridding process works.
Fault directions and trends of the same color should be roughly parallel to each other, and the red
trends/directions should be roughly perpendicular to the green trends/directions.
Give a direction to a fault - select the entire fault by clicking on the line between shape points, or select an
interval of a fault by first selecting the starting point of the interval, and then the ending point of the interval by
holding the Shift key. Click on either the I or J direction icon.
Enter a trend - first select the I or J trend, and then simply digitize the trend where you want to place it.
De-selecting a fault direction - select the fault and press on the icon for Arbitrary faults. If a fault is arbitrary,
it means that the fault is not used to give a direction to the grid. The grid cells will not be orientated along any
arbitrary fault.
Note: Trends and Directed Faults are the same thing with respect to the pillar gridding process.
Workflow

Pillar Gridding Workflow


1. Start the Pillar Gridding process.
2. Define the boundary.
3. Define Grid name and increment .
4. Build mid-skeleton grid (click Apply.)
5. Tune mid-skeleton grid.
6. Extend pillars to top and base
skeletons (click OK.)
Results/QC
When clicking OK in the Pillar
Gridding dialog, Petrel will generate a
new 3D grid in the Models pane.
This will contain three skeleton grids.

To QC the skeleton grid use the


Intersections found under the
Intersections folder. Highlight one
of the intersections, toggle on Show
Pillars and use the Grid player to
move in the I or J direction to look
for poorly truncated pillars or spikes
in the skeleton grid.
Segments
1. Change the style settings for the skeleton; double-
click on the Skeleton folder and under the Style tab,
Solid sub-tab, select Show Solid: As Segments.

2. To check segments, use the Segment Filter to


select on/off, or make a visual display of segments
as a legend by right-clicking on the Segment filter,
selecting Insert/update template, and toggle it on
from the Templates pane.

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