GNSS in the world The four global GNSS systems are — @, - cps (usa, * GLONASS (Russia), Additionally, there are two Ea * Galileo (EU), regional systems,= * BeiDou (China). ® QZSS (Japan) NavIC (Indiaj or IRNSS Made In India NavIC To Replace GPS. In August, the Centre said that NaviC is as good as the GPS in terms of position accuracy: The 2021 satellite navigation policy stated that the government will work towards expanding coverage to ensure the availablity ofthe NavIC signal In any corner of the world.30-May-2023 What is the future plan of NaviC? To make NavIC truly “global” like GPS, more satellites will be placed in an orbit Joser to earth than the current constellation It will be done by adding medium earth orbit satellites MEO orbits occupy a space between GEO and Low Earth Orbit (LEO), or about 250-2,000 km from earth. —Effect of GNSS Signal Interference on Aircraft GPS JAMMING & SPOOFING GUIDELINES The effects of a degradation of the GNSS signal vary greatly. Satellite signal jamming is not always identified by aircraft systems and the crew, but can have a serious effect on navigation systems accuracy and, in some cases, results in unusual system behaviour. For example, some aircraft types have lost the enhanced functions of EGPWS and have « experienced Terrain Avoidance and Warning System (TAWS) errors which triggered.The following non-exhaustive list provides examples of issues that a degradation of GNSS signal (including Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) and Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS)) could generate: + Temporary or non-recoverable failure or degradation of PNT information provided by GNSS, possibly resulting in: 0 Loss of or misleading TAWS (e.g,, spurious PULL UP alerts triggered by predictive TAWS during cruise, descent, approach, and landing phase that in some cases resulted in high vertical rate uncoordinated climbs, note that traffic alerts are deprioritised over TAWS PULL UP alerts); 0 Loss of Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS);o Loss of or misleading information on a Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS), weather uplink functions, predictive wind shear, and other surface functionalities; o Inconsistent flight guidance possibly resulting in route divergence, uncommanded turns, and deviations from the ATC clearances or instructions received, which could potentially lead to airspace infringements, loss of traffic separation, insufficient terrain/obstacle clearance, etc.; 0 Inconsistent, or potentially misleading aircraft position, GNSS altitude, and calculated ground or wind speed on the navigation display or on the Electronic Flight Bag (EFB); © Inconsistent, or potentially misleading aircraft position and/or GNSS altitude, later in the flight after having exited the affected area, e.g., during approach; ACS Flight Crow Ground Schoolo Loss or misleading time and/or date dependent systems (e.g., clock, fuel computation system, flight management system, discarded Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC) messages). + Inability to use GNSS for navigation, including waypoint navigation; + Inability to use GNSS for navigation after exiting the affected area or for the remainder of the flight; + Inability to maintain GNSS based Area Navigation (RNAV) and/or Required Navigation Performance (RNP). adSBAS in the WorldHow many Satellites are working toda Scenario information Stat time (Ut) 1972202000000 Ed time (UTC) 227n772020000000 Last update tne (UTC) 19/i27020019524 Current almanac Gy Dewan now PS week Current NANUs There are no NANUs in current scenarioWaypoint: tis X,Y Coordinates on earth ACS Flight Crew Ground schoo!if wisseo Arch Paro, Bhutan RNP APCH (AR) @ACS Flight Crew Ground SchoolPBN: IcAo | DOC 9613 Edition 5, Year 2023PBN : Legs Type in FMC Coding There are 23 Path and Terminator (Leg Types) possible in FMC. Setceed eters petcn eS comer wiType There are 23 Path and Terminator (Leg Types) possible in FM‘ ow eaeontd) or (Leg Types) possible in FMFAA PB! J RNAVmethod | | RNP method | | Continental or Domestic Flying SID/STAR NAV 1 ENROUTE = s: RNAV2 (Continental) RNP APCH i: RNAV(GNSS) RWY XX RNP AR APCH :: RNAV(RNP) RWY XX Rie ltl crewianronna naceesEASA PBN | RNAVmethod) | RNP method | __Y Continental or Domestic Flying SID/STAR RNAV10(RNP 10) ENROUTE = (Continental) Oceanic Routes Flying RNP 4 RNP APCH RNP 2 RNP AR APCH :::: RNP RWY XX(AR)ICAO PBN JTwavmetiod |] | ___] RNPmethoa] ‘On Boerd Alerting not required cuss RNP 1(SID/STAR), ; VOR/DME S - Required RNAV 1, RNAV 2, RNAV 5. RADAR Surveillance Required RNAV 10 02 GNSS 03 DME/DME 04 DME/DMEIRU ‘Approach 'S1 RNP APCH ‘52 RNP APCH WBARO VNAV AR Approach > Ta. RNP AR APCH With RF T2 RNP AR APCH Without RF ‘See "Fling for Advanced Services” on back Panel for detailed guidance by route type.