1.

The first 25 decimal places of π are :

1 4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3 5 8 9 7 9 3 2 3 8 4 6 2 6 4 3 3.

Test for randomness in the way odd and even numbers digits occur in the sequence

2. The following results were observed when a coin was flipped several times:

HTTHHTTHTHHHTTHHTHHH

A test was proposed to check if the coin was fair.

i. What test would you propose to be carried out? [1]

ii. Give two (2) reasons to justify your answer. [4]

iii. Carry out the test at 5% level of significance. [15]

3. The following are agility test scores for a sample of impaired children.

11 24 36 43 29
22 12 17 32 48 11
18 32 26 13 24 14
18 22 27 20 16 14

i. Illustrate the data on a stem and leaf diagram with each stem written twice and with
one part taking leaves from 0-4 and the other part taking leaves from 5-9. [4]

ii. Hence comment on the distribution of the data [2]

iii. Give two reasons why a sign test would be preferred over a t-test for this data. [4]

iv. The median of the population is believed to be higher than 15. Use the sign test at 5%
level of significance to test this claim. [10]

4. A biased coin is tossed 4 times in a row and the number of heads are noted. The experiment is
repeated 500 times. The results are shown in the table

No of heads (X) 0 1 2 3 4
frequency 12 50 15 200 87
1

Where X is the number of heads obtained in the 4 tosses

a. (i) Find the mean x of the distribution [2]

 (ii) In this experiment X Bin ( 4 ; p ) . Find p where np=x [3]

b. Using the value of p calculated in part (a)(ii) above complete the probability
distribution of the random variable X in a copy of the table below. Give answers to 3 sf

No of heads (X) 0 1 2 3 4
P( X=x i) . [5]

Test at 5 % that the distribution follow a binomial distribution with parameter p [10]

5. Define the following terms as used in statistics.

i. Critical value

ii. Type I error

iii. Type 2 error

iv. Power of a test

v. Left –tailed test [10]

(b) i. What do you understand by an unbiased estimator? [2]

ii. If X is a random variable verify that ∑ (x−x )2 =∑ x 2−n x 2 [3]

1
iii. Show that E ( s2 ) =σ 2 where s =
2
n−1
∑ ( x−x)2 ,
i.e s2 is an unbiased estimator of σ 2 [5]

You may want to use the following two results:

Var ( X )=σ 2=E ( x 2 )−μ 2∧¿

2
σ
=E ( x ) −μ
2 2
Var ( X )=
n

6. The theory of Education final exam marks for all the 250 students at a certain college were
summarized as ∑ X=11872 and ∑ X =646193 . Calculate:
2

i. the unbiased estimate of the mean and variance [2+3]

ii. The 90% confidence interval for the population mean. [ 5]

(b) Of The 150 adults who tried a new peach-flavoured peppermint patty, 87 rated it excellent.
Of the 200 children sampled, 123 rated it excellent. Using the 10% level of significance, can we
conclude that there is a significant difference in the proportion of adults and the proportion of
children who rate the new flavour excellent? [10]

7. A social scientist sampled 140 people and classified them according to income level and
whether or not they played a state lottery in the last month. The sample information is
 reported below.

Income
Low Middl High Total
e
Played 46 28 21 95
Did not play 14 12 19 45
Total 60 40 40 140

Use the 0.05 significance level to test if it is reasonable to conclude that playing the lottery is
related to income. [10

(b) According to genetic theory the germination ratio of three varieties of bean seeds, variety A;
variety B and variety C is 3:2:5 respectively.

A farmer planted the three varieties and noted the number of germinated seeds as below.

Variety A B C
Germinated 24 14 62
seeds
Test at 1% if the results confirms the genetic theory [10]

8. It is claimed that the following is random data that comes from a normal population whose
mean is at most 6.4.
7.2 5.7 4.9 6.2 8.5 2.8
Test this claim at 5% level of significance. [10]
.

(b) Infrequent or suspended menstruation can be a symptom of serious metabolic disorders in

women. In a study to compare the effect of jogging and running on the number of menses, two
independent subgroups were chosen from a large group of women, who were similar in physical
activity (aside from running). The first group consisted of a random sample of 26 women joggers
who jogged “slow and easy” 5 to 30 miles per week, and the second group consisted of a random
sample of 26 women runners who ran more than 30 miles per week and combined long, slow
distance with speed work. The following summary statistics were obtained:

Joggers x 1 = 10.1 s1 = 2.1 Runners x 2 = 9.1 s2 = 2.4

Using α=0.05, test for differences in mean number of menses for each group assuming
inequality of population variances. [10]
9. Define the following terms as used in statistics

i. Hypothesis

ii. Hypotheses Testing

iii. Null Hypotheses

iv. Alternative Hypotheses

v. Test statistics [10]

(b The comprehensive strength of insulating blocks of new houses is tested by an engineer

who wants to be certain that the comprehensive strength is at least 10 psi. Past results
had shown that the comprehensive strength is normally distributed with a variance of
7.84. Eight randomly selected blocks give the following results.

block 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
strengths 11 6 13 10.5 11 12.3 7.8 15

Test at 5% level of significance if the comprehensive strength is at least 10 psi. [10]

10. Passengers getting into a train are believed to do so in a random fashion between males (M) and
females (F). Occurrences of the two events F and M were observed as follows

FFFFMMMFFFFFFFFFMMMFFFFFMMM

i. What test would be used to check the randomness of these occurrences? [2]

ii. Give 3 reasons to justify your answer [6]

iii. Run the test at 5% level of significance [12]

11. A sample of 10 observations taken from a normally distributed population with mean μ and
variance σ 2 produced the following data: 44; 31; 52; 48; 46; 39; 43; 36; 41; 49.
It is believed that the mean is at least 44

i. Test this believe at 10% level of significance [10]

ii. Find the 95% confidence interval for the population mean [8]

iii. Basing on your answer of part (ii) above what can you say about the belief
that the population mean is at least 44 [2]
12. Two random samples of sizes n and 3n are drawn from two normal populations with means
μ and 3 μ and variances σ 2∧3 σ 2 respectively. If X 1 and X 2 are means of samples drawn
from these populations respectively, find in terms of a and b

i. E (a X 1 +b X 2 ¿ and [2]

ii. var (a X 1 +b X 2 ¿ [2]

(b) X 1 ; X 2 ; X 3 is a random sample from a population with unknown mean μ and varianceσ 2.
1 1
Given that U 1= (X 1 + X 2+ X 3) and U 2= (4 X 1− X 2) are estimators of μ, decide with
3 3
clear justification which estimator is better than the other [10]

(c) A sample of 46; 48; 51; 50; 45; 53; 50 and 48 was drawn from a population with unknown mean
and variance. Use this sample to find the best estimate of the population

(i) mean , [2]

(ii) variance [4]

13. A sample of readings of a diabetic patient in mmols are given below.

9.5; 9.5; 11.2; 10.6; 9.9; 11.1; 10.9; 9.8; 10.2; 10.1; 10.9; 11.0

Assuming that this sample came from a normal population with unknown mean μ but with a
known variance of 4. Determine the 95% confidence interval in which the population mean
would lie. [10]

(b) Of the 100 randomly selected young women 20 liked the new product of perfume. On the
other hand of the 200 sampled older women, 100 liked this new perfume. Using the 10%
level of significance, can we conclude that there is a significant difference in the proportion
of young women and the proportion of old women who like the new perfume? [10]
 14. The director of the Sun Times, the largest newspaper in the Mutombwa City,
is studying the relationship between the type of community in which a subscriber resides
and the section of the newspaper he or she reads first.

For a sample of readers, she collected the following information.

National News Sports Comics

City 170 124 90
Suburb 120 112 100
Rural 130 90 88

Test at 0.05 significance level, if we can conclude there is a relationship between the type of
community where the person resides and the section of the paper read first? [10]

(b) Leona plays golf where the aim is to take as few shots as possible. Her median number of
shots for a round is 85. After some lessons from the golf pro, she plays eight rounds in the
following number of shots:
82 78 89 84 74 91 80 77

Test at 10% level of significance to see if Leona had improved her game. [10]

15. Assume that two populations are normally distributed with unknown and unequal
variances. Two independent samples were drawn from these populations and the data
obtained resulted in the following basic statistics:
n1 = 18 x 1 = 20.17 s1 = 4.3

n2 = 12 x 2 = 19.23 s2 = 3.8

Test at the 5% significance level whether the two population means are different. [10]

(b) An auto manufacturer gives a warranty for 3 years for its new vehicles.
In a random sample of 60 of its vehicles, 20 of them needed major warranty repairs within the
warranty period. Estimate the true proportion of vehicles from this manufacturer that need major
repairs during the warranty period, with confidence coefficient 0.95. [10]

16. The intelligence quotients (IQs) of 17 students from one area of a city showed a sample mean of
106 with a sample standard deviation of 10, whereas the IQs of 14 students from another area
chosen independently showed a sample mean of 109 with a sample standard deviation of 7. Is
 there a significant difference between the IQs of the two groups at α = 0.02? Assume that the
population variances are equal.

Solution

We test

H0 : μ1 − μ2 = 0 vs. Ha : μ1 − μ2 = 0

Here n1 = 17, x1 = 106, and s1 = 10. Also, n2 = 14, x2 = 109, and s2 = 7.

We have
2 2
2 (n 1−1)s 1+(n 2−1)s 2
s p¿
n 1+ n 2 – 2
2 2
(16)(10) +(13)(7)
=
29

= 77.138.