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Goands and System

The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones released by glands and organs throughout the body. It controls various functions such as metabolism, growth, sexual function, and more, using hormones that travel through the bloodstream. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal glands, each responsible for producing specific hormones that affect different bodily processes.

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14 views4 pages

Goands and System

The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones released by glands and organs throughout the body. It controls various functions such as metabolism, growth, sexual function, and more, using hormones that travel through the bloodstream. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal glands, each responsible for producing specific hormones that affect different bodily processes.

Uploaded by

nishika.gup
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Endocrine System

The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones to regulate a


range of bodily functions through the release of hormones.

The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs located throughout the
body.

It is similar to the nervous system in that it plays a vital role in controlling and
regulating many of the body’s functions. But unlike the nervous system, it uses
hormones instead of nerve impulses and neurotransmitters.

What does the endocrine system do?

Hormones are secreted by the glands of the endocrine system, traveling through
the bloodstream to various organs and tissues in the body. The hormones then
tell these organs and tissues what to do or how to function.

Some examples of bodily functions that are controlled by the endocrine system
include:

 metabolism
 growth and development
 sexual function and reproduction
 heart rate
 blood pressure
 appetite
 sleeping and waking cycles
 body temperature
What is a gland?

A gland is an organ that creates and releases substances that the body needs to
function. There are two types of glands:

 endocrine glands, which release hormones directly into the bloodstream


 exocrine glands, like lymph nodes and sweat glands, which are not part
of the endocrine system

Organs in the endocrine system

The glands of the endocrine system are where hormones are produced, stored,
and released. Each gland produces one or more hormones, which go on to target
specific organs and tissues in the body.

The glands of the endocrine system include the:

1.Pituitary. The pituitary gland is known as the ‘master gland’ which is


located at the base of the brain.It regulates the activity of other endocrine
glands.

 One of the important hormone secreted by the pituitary gland is the


growth hormone which controls the growth of the body.
 It secretes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which stimulates the
thyroid gland to produce thyroxine .
 It stimulates the secretion of prolactin necessary for producing milk
after child birth in females.
 It secretes gonad stimulating hormones to regulate the activities of
testis and ovary.

2. Thyroid. The thyroid gland is a bilobed butterfly shaped gland.It is


located on either side of the wind pipe just in front of the voice box in the
neck.Following are its main functions:-
 It secretes the hormone thyroxine that affects the rate of activities of the
body,growth and development.
 Its over secretion makes the person over active.
 Its under secretion makes the person sluggish, weak and inactive.
3. Parathyroid. Also located in the front of your neck, the parathyroid
gland is important for maintaining control of calcium levels in your
bones and blood.
4. Pancreas. It is an elongated,flattened,exocrine as well as endocrine
gland.It is located in your abdomen behind your stomach. It secretes
two hormones insulin and glucagon.
 Insulin lowers the blood sugar level in the body.
 Glucagon raises the blood sugar level in the body.
 Together these hormones maintain the blood sugar level
constant in the body.
5. Adrenal gland -An adrenal gland is a cup like structure located over
each kidney.It secretes the hormones adrenaline and cortisone.
 Adrenaline hormone is also known as emergency hormone as it
prepares the body to meet the emergency situation or stress.So
adrenaline is also called fight and flight hormone.
 The cortisone hormone stimulates the metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body.

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