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TUTORIAL 2_Control charts for variables using MTB

The document is a tutorial on control charts for variables, explaining their purpose in monitoring process stability over time. It discusses types of data, causes of variation, patterns to identify in control charts, and rules for determining out-of-control processes. Two problems are presented, demonstrating the use of mean and range charts and individuals-moving range charts in analyzing data for quality control.

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Animesh Roy
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12 views21 pages

TUTORIAL 2_Control charts for variables using MTB

The document is a tutorial on control charts for variables, explaining their purpose in monitoring process stability over time. It discusses types of data, causes of variation, patterns to identify in control charts, and rules for determining out-of-control processes. Two problems are presented, demonstrating the use of mean and range charts and individuals-moving range charts in analyzing data for quality control.

Uploaded by

Animesh Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MINITAB Tutorial 2

Control Charts for Variables


Dr. Gayatri Vineela Marrivada
Department of Mechanical Engineering

WILP, BITSPilani
Introduction
Control charts are very simple graphical tools which show us if measurements/results are stable over time. They
look at the mean and variation of the data and check to see whether the observed data shows any patterns that
would not be expected to occur if the data was purely random. They monitor the activity of the ongoing process.

• Quality Characteristic : Variable or attribute

• Variable: average length, average diameter, average tensile strength, average service time etc.,

• Attributes: Proportion of non- conforming items, no. of non- conformities in a unit, no. of demerits
per unit etc.,

• Causes of variation –
• Common causes (Improvement of the process)

• Special causes (control of the process)

• A process operating under a stable system of common causes – Statistical control.


Typical control chart
Patterns to look for in a control chart

• Individual Outliers – special cause

• Increasing or decreasing trends – process may be drifting

• Jumps in the level around which the observations may vary – process mean might

have shifted

• “Hugging the control limits” – mixed data sets

• “Hugging the center line” – less variability; good process; desirable


Rules to identify an Out- of – control process

1. If a single point lies outside the control limits

2. If two out of three consecutive points fall outside 2σ warning limits on the same side of the

center line.

3. If 4 out of 5 consecutive points fall beyond the 1σ limit on the same side of the center line.

4. If 9 or more consecutive points fall to one side of the center line.

5. If there is a run of 6 or more consecutive points steadily increasing or decreasing.


Problem 1: Mean and Range Charts

Consider a process by which coils are manufactured.


Samples of size 5 are randomly selected from the
process, and the resistance values (in ohms) of the coils
are measured. The data values are given in the following
table.
Step1: Input the data in the worksheet
ത chart from the STAT tab
Step 2: Select the 𝑋-R
Step 3: Select the column containing the data
Step 4: Output

Delete the data


points for sample
3,22,23 which are
outlier and plot the
revised control chart

Screenshot 1
Step 5: Revised Output Graph

Screenshot 2
Step 5: Interpret the result
ത charts.
• It can be observed that there are 3 outliers in the 𝑋-R

• Sample 3 is an outlier in range charts and sample 22,23 are outliers in mean chart.

• Special causes identified – Quality of raw materials, high oven temperature, wrong die
used etc.,

• The revised control charts can be made by removing the observations of the outliers.

• Note that sample 15 falls slightly above the upper control limit on the X-chart.

• On further investigation, no special causes could be identified for this sample. So, the
revised limits will be used for future observations until a subsequent revision takes
place.
If standard data is given
• Refer to the coil resistance data in previous problem. Let's suppose that the target values for the
average resistance and standard deviation are 21.0 and 1.0 , respectively. The sample size is 5.
Problem 2: Individuals - Moving Range Chart
Sample Brinell Hardness
The table shows the Brinell hardness numbers of
1 36.3
20 individual steel fasteners and the moving ranges. The 2 28.6
3 32.5
testing process dents the parts so that they cannot be 4 38.7
5 35.4
used for their intended purpose. Construct the I-MR chart 6 27.3
7 37.2
based on two successive observations. 8 36.4
9 38.3
10 30.5
11 29.4
12 35.2
13 37.7
14 27.5
15 28.4
16 33.6
17 28.5
18 36.2
19 32.7
Step 1: Input the data in the worksheet
Step 2: Select the I-MR option from the STAT tab
Step 3: Assign the columns containing the data
Step 4: Output
Step 5: Interpret the result

• It can be observed there are no outliers in the individual and moving range chart.

• Thus the observed non-conformance rate is zero and the process is capable.
Thank You!

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