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Aiml Unit Iii Class Test 3.1

The document provides an overview of machine learning, including its definition, differences from data mining, and key algorithms. It discusses concepts such as supervised vs. unsupervised learning, overfitting, and techniques to avoid it, along with various machine learning techniques. Additionally, it outlines specific tasks and questions related to linear regression and the least squares method.

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Kotti Karthikeyan
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17 views3 pages

Aiml Unit Iii Class Test 3.1

The document provides an overview of machine learning, including its definition, differences from data mining, and key algorithms. It discusses concepts such as supervised vs. unsupervised learning, overfitting, and techniques to avoid it, along with various machine learning techniques. Additionally, it outlines specific tasks and questions related to linear regression and the least squares method.

Uploaded by

Kotti Karthikeyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT III CLASS TEST 3.

PART-A

1. What is Machine Learning?

Machine learning is a branch of computer science which deals with system


programming in order to automatically learn and improve with experience. For
example: Robots are programed so that they can perform the task based on data they
gather from sensors. It automatically learns programs from data.

2. Mention the difference between Data Mining and Machine learning.

Machine learning relates with the study, design and development of the algorithms that
give computers the capability to learn without being explicitly programmed. While,
data mining can be defined as the process in which the unstructured data tries to extract
knowledge or unknown interesting patterns.

3. What is the niche of machine Learning?


The "niche" of machine learning refers to applying it to specific, often specialized areas
or industries where its algorithms can learn from data and make predictions or decisions
that are highly tailored to those unique contexts.
4. What are the five popular algorithms of Machine Learning?
a. Decision Trees
b. Neural Networks (back propagation)
c. Probabilistic networks
d. Nearest Neighbor
e. Support vector machines
5. What is the difference between artificial learning and machine learning?

Designing and developing algorithms according to the behaviours based on empirical


data are known as Machine Learning. While artificial intelligence in addition to
machine learning, it also covers other aspects like knowledge representation, natural
language processing, planning, robotics etc.

6. Outline the difference between supervised learning and unsupervised learning.

supervised learning Unsupervised learning


The supervised learning technique needs Unsupervised learning does not
labelled data to train the model. For need any labelled dataset. This is
example, to solve a classification problem the main key difference between
(a supervised learning task), you need to supervised learning and
have label data to train the model and to unsupervised learning.
classify the data into your labelled groups.
7. Define random forest.

It is a flexible and easy-to-use machine learning algorithm that gives great results
without even using hyper-parameter tuning. Because of its simplicity and diversity, it
is one of the most used algorithms for both classification and regression tasks.

8. State the logic behind Gaussian processes.


When the predictors take up a continuous value and are not discrete, we assume that these
values are sampled from a gaussian distribution.
9. What is 'Over fitting' in Machine learning?
In machine learning, when a statistical model describes random error or noise instead of
underlying relationship ‘overfitting’ occurs. When a model is excessively complex,
overfitting is normally observed, because of having too many parameters with respect to
the number of training data types. The model exhibits poor performance which has been
overfit.

10. Why over fitting happens?

The possibility of overfitting exists as the criteria used for training the model is not the
same as the criteria used to judge the efficacy of a model.

11. How can you avoid over fitting?

By using a lot of data overfitting can be avoided, overfitting happens relatively as you
have a small dataset, and you try to learn from it. But if you have a small database and
you are forced to come with a model based on that. In such situation, you can use a
technique known as cross validation. In this method the dataset splits into two section,
testing and training datasets, the testing dataset will only test the model while, in
training dataset, the datapoints will come up with the model. In this technique, a model
is usually given a dataset of a known data on which training (training data set) is run
and a dataset of unknown data against which the model is tested. The idea of cross
validation is to define a dataset to “test” the model in the training phase.

12. What are the different Algorithm techniques in Machine Learning?

The different types of techniques in Machine Learning are

 Supervised Learning
 Unsupervised Learning
 Semi-supervised Learning
 Reinforcement Learning
 Transduction
 Learning to Learn

13. What is the standard approach to supervised learning?


The standard approach to supervised learning is to split the set of example into the
training set and the test.

14. What are the advantages of Naive Bayes?

In Naïve Bayes classifier will converge quicker than discriminative models like
logistic regression, so you need less training data. The main advantage is that it can’t
learn interactions between features.

PART-B
1. Examine the classification of machine learning algorithms, providing examples for each
category and evaluating their applications in different scenarios. Refer material
2. Explain in detail about linear regression with an example. Refer material
3. What are the types of linear regression and explain in detail. Refer material
4. Describe about least squares with single and multivariate fitting. Give appropriate
examples. Refer material
5. Given the dataset below: Refer notes
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y 3 4 5 5 6 8 10

Use the Least Squares Method to find the equation of the best-fit line in the form: y=mx+b
Also, calculate:
1. The slope (mmm) and intercept (ccc).
2. The coefficient of determination (R2R^2R2) to measure how well the line fits the
data.
6. Examine the principle of the gradient descent algorithm. Accompany your explanation
with a diagram. Explain the use of all the terms and constants that you introduce and
comment on the range of values that they can take. Refer material

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