LESSON 1: OBJECTIVES

 Define what is art and its relevance.

 Formulate their own definition of art with justification.

The Importance of Art

 Art enhances daily experiences.

 It plays a vital role in developing the intellect of the younger generation.
 Art helps build a positive character.
 It appreciates natural aesthetics.
 Students develop an unbiased, responsive, and inventive mind full of creativity and
dormant talent.

What is Art?

Meaning of Art

 The word “art” comes from the 13th-century French word art, meaning skill from
learning or practice.
 The Latin word ars means ability or practical skills.
 Art encompasses many meanings, including ability, process, and product.

Definition of Art

1. Plato: “Art is that which brings life in harmony with the beauty of the world.”
2. John Dewey: “Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind—one that demands for its own
satisfaction and fulfilling, a shaping of matter to new and more significant form.”
3. Oscar Wilde: “Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known.”
4. Elbert Hubbard: “Art is not a thing—it is a way.”

Four (4) Common Essentials of Art

 Art has to be man-made.

 Art must be creative, not imitative.
 Art must benefit and satisfy man.
 Art is expressed through a certain medium or material by which the artist communicates
with the audience.

Philosophy of Art

 The definition of art has been debated for centuries.

 The question “What is art?” is fundamental in the philosophy of aesthetics.
 This question implies two subtexts:
1. The essential nature of art.
2. Its social importance (or lack of it).
Basic Philosophical Perspectives of Art

1. Art as Mimesis (Plato): Art is an imitation of the real that was an imitation of the ideal.
2. Art as Representation (Aristotle): The aim of art is not to represent outward
appearances but their inward significance.
3. Art for Art’s Sake (Kant): Art has its own reason for being; it is best understood as an
autonomous creation to be valued.
4. Art as an Escape: The act of creating art touches the deepest realms of the mind and the
sacred dimension of the artistic process.
5. Art as Functional: Art serves a function; it enriches lives, educates, and can support or
protest existing power structures.

History of How Art is Defined

 According to H.W. Janson, we cannot escape viewing works of art in the context of time
and circumstance.
 11th-17th Century: Art was defined as anything done with skill resulting from
knowledge and practice.
 18th Century Romantic Period: Emphasis on science and rational thought, focusing on
beauty and emotional expression.
 1850: The Avant-garde art movement began, pushing boundaries and expanding the
definition of art to include originality of vision.
 The idea of originality persists, leading to new genres like digital art, performance art,
and more.

QUOTES

 “Art is a discovery and development of elementary principles of nature into beautiful

forms suitable for human use.” — Frank Lloyd Wright
 “Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time.” — Thomas
Merton
 “The purpose of art is washing the dust of life off our souls.” — Pablo Picasso
 “All art is but imitation of nature.” — Lucius Annaeus Seneca
 “Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.” — Edgar Degas
 “Art is the signature of civilization.” — Jean Sibelius
 “Art is a human activity consisting in this, that one man consciously, by means of certain
external signs, hands on to others feelings he has lived through, and that others are
infected by these feelings and also experience them.” — Leo Tolstoy
2: ASSUMPTIONS LESSON OF ART

ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

 Clarify misconceptions about art.

 Differentiate art from nature.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

 Characterize the assumptions of art.

 Know the standard of art and the theme of Art.

WHAT IS ASSUMPTION

An assumption is something that is taken for granted or accepted as true without question or
proof.

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT ART

ASSUMPTION OF ART

 There are principles and bases of appreciating a work of art since it is in art that man can
communicate one’s individuality and way of life.

ART IS UNIVERSAL

 Art has been crafted by people regardless of origin, time, and place.
 It has persisted because it is liked and enjoyed by people continuously.
 Art is everywhere; wherever men have lived together, art has sprung up among them as a
language charged with feelings and significance.

Examples of Universal Art:

1. Philippines: “Spolarium” by Juan Luna, 1884

2. Paris: “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci, 1498
3. Japan: “The Great Wave off Kanagawa” by Katsushika Hokusai, 1831
4. Norway: “The Scream” by Edvard Munch, 1893

 The desire to create this language appears to be general.

 Art as a cultural force can be pervasive and potent.
  Art has no limit; it rises above cultures, races, and civilizations.
 It is timeless because it goes beyond the time of our own existence.

ART IS NOT NATURE

 One important characteristic of art is that it is not nature.

 Art is man's expression of his reception of nature.
 Art is man's way of interpreting nature.

Example:

 Movies are not meant to be direct representations of reality. They may be a

reinterpretation or even distortion of nature based on the moviemaker's perception.

ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE

 Getting this far without a satisfactory definition of art can be quite weird for some.
 For most people, art does not require a full definition; it is just experienced.
 By experience, we mean the "actual doing of something" (Dudley et al., 1960).

THE STANDARD OF ART

 Art is very much a personal experience for both the creator and the observer.
 There is no single standard by which any particular piece of art may be judged.
 Judges can look for certain things:
o Composition
o Color
o Balance
o Brushstrokes
o Rhythm
o Melody

THE THEMES OF ART

 In art, theme is usually about life, society, or human nature, but can be any other subject.
 Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a work.
 Themes are usually implied rather than explicitly stated.

Example:

 The subject of Star Wars is "the battle for control of the galaxy between the Galactic
Empire and the Rebel Alliance."
 The themes explored in the films might be "moral ambiguity" or "the conflict between
technology and nature."
LESSON 3: FUNCTION OF ART

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

 Identify the functions of art

 Classify the Categories/Classification of Art

FUNCTION

 The role or purpose for which something is designed or created.

 It is used to provide comfort, happiness, and convenience to human beings.
 The artist tries to express his personal feelings through the artwork.

PERSONAL FUNCTION

 Art is used for public displays and celebration.

 It affects collective behavior.
 It bridges connections among people.
 Art conveys a sense of family, community, or civilization.

SOCIAL FUNCTION

 Art helps preserve, share, and transmit culture from one generation to another.

CULTURAL FUNCTION

 Art influences awareness of the beauty of nature.

 Aesthetics involves real feelings of appreciation for nature’s beauty, manifested through
enjoyment when in contact with artwork.

AESTHETIC FUNCTION

 An artist may create a work of art to reinforce the religious or spiritual support of a
culture.

SPIRITUAL FUNCTION

CATEGORIES/CLASSIFICATION OF ART

LESSON 3.1 VISUAL ARTS (2D, 3D)

 1. PAINTING
o The application of dimensional surfaces.
2. SCULPTURE
o The carving, modeling, casting, constructing, and assembling of materials into
primarily three-dimensional works of art.
3. ARCHITECTURE
o The art and science of planning, designing, and constructing buildings.

PERFORMING/COMBINED ARTS

a. Music

 An art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.

b. Dance

 The movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space,
expressing an idea or emotion.

c. Film

 Also called a movie or motion picture, it is a series of still images that create the illusion
of moving images when shown on a screen.

d. Theater

 A collaborative form of art using live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present
real or imagined events before a live audience.

e. Literary

 Concentrating on the writing, study, or content of literature, especially valued for quality
of form.

f. Performance Poetry

 Poetry specifically composed for or during a performance before an audience, often open
to improvisation.

DIGITAL ART

 Art made with the assistance of electronic devices, intended to be displayed on a

computer.

APPLIED ARTS
  The application of design and decoration to everyday objects to make them aesthetically
pleasing.

APPLIED ARTS SUBCATEGORIES

a. Fashion Design

 The art of applying design, aesthetics, and natural beauty to clothing and accessories.

b. Furniture Design

 A specialized field where function and fashion collide.

c. Interior Design

 Enhancing the interior of a building for a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing space.

d. Graphic Design

 An artistic process of effective communication using images and symbols to create a

visual representation of ideas.
LESSON 4: SUBJECT AND CONTENT OF ART

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

 Differentiate content from subject

 Classify artworks according to subject
 Analyze how artists present their subjects in relation to the real subject
 Characterize sources and kinds of subjects

The Subject of Art

 The subject of art refers to what the artist portrays or describes.

 It can be any person, object, scene, or event.

1. Representational or Objective Art

 Represents objects commonly recognized by most people.

 Attempts to copy something real, even if subjectively.
 Uses “form” and focuses on “what” is depicted.
 Often favored for easier recognition and comfort for viewers.

2. Non-representational or Non-objective Art

 Lacks reference to anything outside itself (no representation).

 Abstract and does not represent real objects.
 Example: Jackson Pollock's “action paintings.”

Non-Representational and Abstract Art

 Non-representational art is not the same as abstract art.

 Abstract art departs from reality, but the degree of departure varies.
 Example: Pablo Picasso's “HEAD OF A WOMAN, MOUGINS” (1962) is abstract but
arguably representational.

Sources of the Subject of Art

 Nature: Landscapes are a common subject.

 History: Influences the themes and subjects in art.
 Greek and Roman Mythology: A significant source of inspiration.
 Religion: Sacred texts from various religions inspire art.
The Content of Art

 Content refers to the meaning, message, and feeling of a work of art.

 It is different from the subject matter depicted.
 Content is linked with form, which includes pictorial aspects.

Three Levels of Meaning

1. Factual Meaning: Literal statement or narrative content that is easily recognized.

2. Conventional Meaning: Special meaning of an object or color for a specific culture.
3. Subjective Meaning: Individual meaning expressed by the artist through personal
symbolism.

Keeping Art

1. National Pride and Glory: Nations preserve art for cultural heritage (e.g., San Agustin
Church).
2. Museums: Serve as repositories for art.
3. Preservation and Restoration: Efforts to protect art from time, environment, and human
impact (e.g., Manunggul Jar in a glass cage).
LESSON 5: ARTS AND ARTISAN

What is an Artist?

 An artist is someone who practices art, such as:

o Painter
o Sculptor
o Choreographer
o Dancer
o Writer
o Poet
o Musician
 Artists create indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination.
 They communicate through their art and focus on creativity.

What is an Artisan?

 An artisan is a craftsman, such as:

o Carpenter
o Carver
o Plumber
o Blacksmith
o Weaver
o Embroiderer
 Artisans produce directly functional and/or decorative arts.
 Their work meets basic needs and is useful in everyday life.
 They create objects by hand, combining skill and experience.

Difference Between Artist and Artisan

 Artist: Focuses on creativity and aesthetic pleasure; work may lack practical value.
 Artisan: Focuses on functionality and utility; work is often essential for daily life.

Key Components of the Art Market

 The art market is an economic ecosystem influenced by:

o Supply and demand
o Predicted future value of artworks
 Artists do not create solely for sale; buyers may not know the value of their purchases.

Important Players in the Art Market

1. Curator
o Oversees collections in galleries, museums, or archives.
o Organizes exhibitions and researches artists.
 o Must be organized, passionate, knowledgeable, and proficient in writing.
o Example: Ramon Nazareth Villegas (1953 – 2017)
2. Art Buyer
o A professional knowledgeable in art.
o Scouts talent for agencies or seeks art for collectors.
3. Art Dealer
o Buys and sells works of art.
o Studies art history to determine artwork value.
4. Private Collection
o A personal collection of artworks.
o May be on loan for exhibitions.
o Example: Ramon Orlina’s Glass Sculpture Collection (Orlina Museum, 2018)

The Creative Process

 According to Robert Fritz, creating is a skill that can be learned and developed.
 The creative process consists of three stages:

Three Stages in the Creative Process

1. Germination (Idea)
o The initial moment of conceiving a new project.
o Full of energy and potential for the future.
2. Assimilation
o Internalizing and incorporating the idea.
o Planning and analyzing the idea with available resources.
3. Completion
o Finalizing the project before presenting it.
o Important to set deadlines and avoid getting lost in details.

Additional Notes on the Creative Process

 Art making involves exploration, concept development, and production.

 Each new creation enhances creativity and understanding of the process.

The Three Stages of Experience in Art

Pre-production

 Also known as development or subject.

 This stage involves planning and conceptualizing the artwork before actual creation.
 Artists brainstorm ideas, gather materials, and outline their vision.
Production

 Also referred to as manipulation or medium.

 This is the actual creation phase where the artist uses various techniques and materials to
bring their vision to life.
 It involves hands-on work with the chosen medium, such as painting, sculpting, or digital
creation.

Post-production

 Known as completion or exhibition.

 This stage includes final touches, editing, and preparing the artwork for display.
 It may involve framing, marketing, and showcasing the art to the public.
LESSON 6: MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE

Medium

 Definition: The materials used by an artist to create a work of art. The plural is media.
 Examples:
o Architect: Various building materials.
o Painter: Canvas, pigments, wood.
o Sculptor: Steel, marble, metal.
o Musician: Instruments.

The Artist and His Medium

 Artists express their thoughts and feelings through their chosen medium.
 The choice of medium is crucial for conveying the intended idea.
 It reflects the artist's ability and technical know-how in manipulating the medium.

Technique

 Definition: The method used by artists, which varies across different art forms.
 Importance: Distinguishes art from craft.
 Visual Representation: Often depicted through graphic organizers like concept maps.

Graphic Organizer (Story Map)

Apo Whang Od Oggay

 A Filipina tattoo artist from Buscalan, Kalinga.

 Known as the “last” and oldest mambabatok.
 Awarded the Dangal ng Haraya Award in 2018, equivalent to National Artist.

Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA)

 Definition: Award for Filipinos preserving and promoting traditional folk arts.
 Objective: Honor and support traditional folk artists to preserve their skills and crafts.
 Formalization: Established in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355.

Emblem

 Represents the human form in traditional cloth.

 Includes the phrase "Manlilikha ng Bayan" in Baybayin.
GAMABA Qualifications

1. Must belong to an indigenous/traditional cultural community.

2. Involved in a folk art tradition for at least 50 years.
3. Produced works of superior quality over time.
4. Expertise in tools and materials of the art.
5. Must pass on skills to community members.
6. Significant contribution to the tradition and craft.

Responsibilities of GAMABA Awardees

1. Transfer skills to younger generations through apprenticeships.

2. Cooperate with implementing agencies for promotion.
3. Donate samples of their works to the National Museum.

Notable GAMABA Awardees

 Salinta Monon: Textile Weaver from Davao del Sur, started weaving at age 12.
 Alonzo Saclag: Musician and Dancer, founder of the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe.

National Artist Award

 Definition: The highest distinction for Filipino artists recognized for their contributions
to music, dance, theatre, visual arts, literature, film, and design.
 Significance: Promotes Filipino cultural identity and dignity.
 Conferred by: President Ferdinand E. Marcos through proclamation no. 1001, with
recommendations from the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).