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The document discusses various types of light sources used in machine vision, including incandescent lamps, xenon lamps, fluorescent lamps, and LEDs. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, such as brightness, lifespan, heat production, and suitability for flashing. Incandescent lamps are bright but inefficient, xenon lamps produce intense flashes but require expensive power supplies, fluorescent lamps are inexpensive but flicker, and LEDs offer longevity and low power consumption but are sensitive to temperature.

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6 views1 page

6 MV3

The document discusses various types of light sources used in machine vision, including incandescent lamps, xenon lamps, fluorescent lamps, and LEDs. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, such as brightness, lifespan, heat production, and suitability for flashing. Incandescent lamps are bright but inefficient, xenon lamps produce intense flashes but require expensive power supplies, fluorescent lamps are inexpensive but flicker, and LEDs offer longevity and low power consumption but are sensitive to temperature.

Uploaded by

gijeb94724
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of light sources in machine vision

Incandescent lamps create light by sending an electrical current through a thin filament, typically made
of tungsten. The current heats the filament and causes it to emit thermal radiation. The heat in the
filament is so high that the radiation is in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The filament
is contained in a glass envelope that contains either a vacuum or a halogen gas, such as iodine or bromine,
which prevents oxidation of the filament. Filling the envelope with a halogen gas has the advantage that
the lifetime of the lamp is increased significantly compared to using a vacuum. The advantage of
incandescent lamps is that they are relatively bright and create a continuous spectrum with a correlated
color temperature of 3000–3400 K. Furthermore, they can be operated with low voltage. One of their
disadvantages is that they produce a large amount of heat: only about 5% of the power is converted to
light; the rest is emitted as heat. Other disadvantages are short lifetimes and the inability to use them as
flashes. Furthermore, they age quickly, i.e., their brightness decreases significantly over time.

Xenon lamps consist of a sealed glass envelope filled with xenon gas, which is ionized by electricity,
producing a very bright white light with a correlated color temperature of 5500–12 000 K. They are
commonly divided into continuous output short- and long-arc lamps as well as flash lamps. Xenon lamps
can produce extremely bright flashes at a rate of more than 200 flashes per second. Each flash can be
extremely short, e.g., 1–20 μs for short-arc lamps. One of their disadvantages is that they require a
sophisticated and expensive power supply. Furthermore, they exhibit aging after several million flashes
Light Sources.

Fluorescent lamps are gas-discharge lamps that use electricity to excite mercury vapor in a noble gas, e.g.,
argon or neon, causing UV radiation to be emitted. This UV radiation causes a phosphor salt coated onto
the inside of the tube that contains the gas to fluoresce; producing visible light Fluorescent lamps are
driven by alternating current. This results in a flickering of the lamp with the same frequency as the
current. For machine vision, high-frequency alternating currents of 220 kHz or more must be used to avoid
spurious brightness changes in the images. The main advantages of fluorescent lamps are that they are
inexpensive and can illuminate large areas. Some of their disadvantages are a short lifetime, rapid aging,
and an uneven spectral distribution with sharp peaks for certain frequencies. Furthermore, they cannot
be used as flashes.

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that produces narrow spectrum (i.e., quasi-
monochromatic) light through electroluminescence: the diode emits light in response to an electric
current that passes through it. The color of the emitted light depends on the composition and condition
of the semiconductor material used. Converted to white light by a coating with a yellow phosphor on the
semiconductor. One advantage of LEDs is their longevity: lifetimes larger than 100 000 hours are not
uncommon. Furthermore, they can be used as flashes with fast reaction times and almost no aging. Since
they use direct current, their brightness can be controlled easily. In addition, they use imperatively little
power and produce little heat. The main disadvantage of LEDs is that their performance depends on the
ambient temperature of the environment in which they operate. The higher the ambient temperature, the
lower the performance of the LED and the shorter its lifetime

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