ALL ABOUT YOUR

ELECTRIC POWER

POWER ELECTRIC POWER

GENERATION DISTRIBUTION

ELECTRIC POWER
TRANSMISSION
 POWER
GENERATION
 POWER GENERATION
Electricity generation is the process of
generating electric power from sources of
primary energy. For utilities in the electric
power industry, it is the stage prior to its
delivery to end users (transmission,
distribution, etc.) or its storage Production is
carried out in power stations (also called
“Electric power plants").
 POWER PLANTS
A power plant is an industrial facility that
generates electricity from primary energy.
Most power plants use one or more generators
that convert mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
The type of primary fuel or primary energy
flow that provides a power plant its primary
energy varies. The most common fuels are
coal, natural gas, and bunker oil, uranium,etc.
TYPES OF POWER PLANTS
1 Hydroelectric Power Plants

2 Nuclear Power Plants

3 Coal-run Power Plants

4 Solar Power Plants

5 Wind Power Plants

6 Geothermal Power Plants
 HYDRO
ELECTRIC
POWER PLANT
 HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
PLANT
Hydroelectric power plants are one of the
most effective and eco-friendliest of all power
plants. In a hydroelectric power plant,
electricity is generated from water.
In detail, the potential energy of water is
converted to electrical energy. When water is
made to fall from a height on to a turbine, it
spins the armature which is connected to a
generator.
 HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
PLANT
PRO’S CON’S
✔ Hydroelectric energy is renewable ✔ Interruptions of natural water flow can
✔ Hydroelectric power is one of the have a great impact on the river
“green” and “clean” alternative energy ecosystem and the environment.
sources that are out there. ✔ Power plants can be incredibly
✔ The lake that forms behind the dam can expensive to build, no matter what type
be used for recreational opportunities you maybe building.
✔ Hydroelectric power is a ✔ The risk of local droughts.
cost-competitive source of energy
 HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT IN
THE PHILIPPINES

Angat Dam Magat Dam Ambuklao Dam

Bulacan, Philippines Alfonso Lista, Ifugao / Bokod, Benguet
Ramon, Isabela
 NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT
 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Nuclear power stations also top the list of
power plants that can produce massive
amounts of energy. A nuclear power plant
works by converting nuclear energy into
electricity.
The heat from the nuclear reactor is used to
convert water into steam. The pressurized
steam is then used to turn turbines connected
to a generator.
 HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
PLANT
PRO’S CON’S
✔ Hydroelectric energy is renewable ✔ Interruptions of natural water flow can
✔ Hydroelectric power is one of the have a great impact on the river
“green” and “clean” alternative energy ecosystem and the environment.
sources that are out there. ✔ Power plants can be incredibly
✔ The lake that forms behind the dam can expensive to build, no matter what type
be used for recreational opportunities you maybe building.
✔ Hydroelectric power is a ✔ The risk of local droughts.
cost-competitive source of energy
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN THE
PHILIPPINES

Bataan Nuclear Power

Plant
Morong, Bataan
 COAL-FIRED
THERMAL
POWER PLANT
 COAL RUN POWER PLANT
Coal Run Power Plant have a large carbon
footprint, yet coal-run power plants account
for nearly 40% of the world’s energy needs.
Coal run or coal-fired power plants burn coal
to convert water into steam. This steam is then
used to turn turbines which produces
electricity with the help of a generator.
 COAL RUN POWER PLANT

PRO’S CON’S
✔ One of the greatest advantages of coal ✔ It cannot be denied that coal leaves
fired power plants boiler is reliability. behind harmful byproducts upon
✔ Energy produced from coal fired plants combustion.
is cheaper and more affordable than ✔ Mining of coal not only results in the
other energy sources. destruction of habitat and scenery, but it
✔ There are approximately over 300 years also displaces humans as well.
of economic coal deposits still ✔ Millions of tons of waste products
accessible. which can no longer be reused are
generated from coal fired plants.
 COAL RUN POWER PLANT IN
THE PHILIPPINES

Mariveles Coal-Fired Sual Port

Power Plant Sual, Pangasinan
Mariveles, Bataan
SOLAR POWER
PLANT
 SOLAR POWER PLANT
Solar power plants use the energy of the sun to
produce electricity. Solar panels capture the
sunlight using photovoltaic cells and convert it
into electricity.
Today, an increasing number of countries are
looking towards solar energy to offset their
dependence on fossil fuels.
 SOLAR POWER PLANT

PRO’S CON’S
✔ It can be harnessed in all areas of the ✔ The initial cost of purchasing a solar
world and is available every day. We system is fairly high.
cannot run out of solar energy, unlike ✔ Solar panels are dependent on sunlight
some of the other sources of energy. to effectively gather solar energy.
✔ Solar energy can be used for diverse ✔ Solar energy has to be used right away,
purposes. or it can be stored in large batteries.
✔ Solar energy systems generally don’t ✔ The more electricity you want to
require a lot of maintenance. produce, the more solar panels you will
need.
 SOLAR POWER PLANT IN THE
PHILIPPINES

San Carlos Solar Toledo project of

Energy Inc. Citicore Power
San Carlos, Negros Cebu
Occidental
WIND POWER
PLANT
Illustrations…
 GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
Coal Run Power Plant have a large carbon
footprint, yet coal-run power plants account
for nearly 40% of the world’s energy needs.
Coal run or coal-fired power plants burn coal
to convert water into steam. This steam is then
used to turn turbines which produces
electricity with the help of a generator.
 WIND POWER PLANT
PRO’S CON’S
✔ Unlike coal, natural gas, or oil, ✔ A wind turbine’s effectiveness in
generating electricity from wind doesn’t generating electricity depends on the
result in greenhouse gas emissions. weather; thus, it can be difficult to
✔ Operating costs are relatively low predict.
✔ Wind farms can take up a lot of land ✔ One of the biggest downsides of wind
space; however, the actual turbines and energy is the noise and visual pollution.
equipment don’t use up a lot of ✔ Their blades can harm and kill species
real-estate. that fly into them, like birds and bats.
 WIND POWER PLANT IN THE
PHILIPPINES

Bangui Wind Farm North Luzon Renewables

Bangui, Ilocos Norte Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte
GEOTHERMAL
POWER PLANT
 GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

Geothermal powerplants are similar to the

steam turbine power stations that we discussed
earlier. However, instead of burning fossil
fuels, geothermal power plants use the heat
from the earth’s core to create steam.
 GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

PRO’S CON’S
✔ Geothermal energy is more ✔ Geothermal plants need to be built in
environmentally friendly than places where the energy is accessible,
conventional fuel sources such as coal and which means that some areas are not
other fossil fuels. In addition, the carbon able to exploit this resource.
footprint of a geothermal power plant is ✔ There are many of these gases stored
low. under the Earth’s surface which are
✔ Geoothermal provides a reliable source of released into the atmosphere during
energy as compared to other renewable digging.
resources such as wind and solar power.
ELECTRIC POWER
TRANSMISSION
 ELECTRIC POWER
TRANSMISSION
OVERVIEW
Transmission and distribution refers to the different stages of carrying
electricity over poles and wires from generators to a home or a
business.
The primary distinction between the two is the voltage level at which
electricity moves in each stage.
After electricity has been generated, a system of electrical wires carries
the electricity from the source of generation to our homes and
businesses.
 ELECTRIC POWER
TRANSMISSION
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Transmission is the “interstate highway” of electricity delivery. It
refers to the part of electricity delivery that moves bulk electricity from
the generation sites over long distances to substations closer to areas of
demand for electricity.
Consumers may recognize transmission lines as the larger, taller
poles/towers carrying many wires over longer distances.
Transmission lines move large amounts of power at a high voltage
level – a level that is too much to be delivered directly to a home or
business.
 OVERHEAD
TRANSMISSION

VS
UNDERGROUND
TRANSMISSION
 OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION
OVERVIEW

An overhead power line is an electric power transmission line

suspended by towers or poles.
Since most of the insulation is provided by air, overhead power lines
are generally the lowest-cost method of transmission for large
quantities of electric power.
Towers for support of the lines are made of wood (as-grown or
laminated), steel (either lattice structures or tubular poles), concrete,
aluminum, and occasionally reinforced plastics.
 OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION

PRO’S CON’S
✔ High Power transmission. ✔ As it is exposed to the surroundings the
✔ Low installation and material cost. safety risk is high.
✔ Long-distance transmissions. ✔ A continuous pathway for the line
✔ The fault or damage in overhead lines creates obstructions.
can easily locate. ✔ Vulnerable to lightning strikes
✔ Maintenance of the line is easier.
✔ Extension or joining on overhead lines
can be performed easily and also it
facilitates easy replacing.
 UNDERGROUND TRANSMISSION
OVERVIEW

Underground transmission lines are electrical or telecommunications

cables that are installed beneath the ground.
Large natural gas pipelines are also called transmission lines, but the
term underground transmission lines is normally used to distinguish
underground from overhead cabling.
Trenchless construction is often used to install transmission lines for all
kinds of utilities.
 UNDERGROUND TRANSMISSION

PRO’S CON’S
✔ Reduces outages because buried lines ✔ Installing underground lines can cost
are not susceptible to damage from high 7-10 times more than overhead lines
winds or falling trees ✔ Buried lines must be protected by
✔ Looks better aesthetically conduit, otherwise they are susceptible
✔ Generates a positive economic impact to shortages from groundwater
by reducing outage-caused downtime infiltration
for local businesses ✔ Buried lines can take longer to repair
✔ Can be coordinated with road repair because the damaged area is usually
activity to reduce excavation costs more difficult to locate
ELECTRIC POWER
DISTRIBUTION
 TRANSFERING AC/DC
ELECTRICAL POWER
OVERVIEW
Electrical distribution systems are an essential part of the electrical
power system. In order to transfer electrical power from an alternating
current (AC) or a direct current (DC) source to the place where it will
be used, some type of distribution network must be utilized.
The method used to distribute power from where it is produced to
where it is used can be quite simple. More complex power distribution
systems are used, to transfer electrical power from the power plant to
industries, homes, and commercial buildings.
 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN
GENERAL
OVERVIEW

Distribution systems usually employ such equipment as transformers,

circuit breakers, and protective devices.

The original electrical distribution system developed by Thomas

Edison was an underground direct current (DC) system.

It generally consists of feeders, distributors. The single line diagram of

a typical distribution system is shown in the next slide
 CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF CURRENT
• Direct Current – the flow of electric charge is in only one direction
• Alternating Current – the flow of electric charge periodicallt
changes direction
ACCORDING TO SCHEME OF CONNECTION
• Radial System - separate feeders radiate from a single substation and
feed the distributors at one end only.
• Ring Main System - the primaries of distribution transformers form
a loop.
• Inter-connected system - when the feeder ring is energized by two or
more than two source
 REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
A considerable amount of effort is necessary to maintain an electric
power supply within the requirements of various types of consumers.
Some of the requirements of a good distribution system are:
Proper Voltage - voltage variations at consumer’s terminals should be
as low as possible.
Availability of power on demand - Power must be available to the
consumers in any amount that they may require from time to time.
Reliability - Modern industry is almost dependent on electric power
for its operation.
END USERS OF
ELECTRICITY
POWER
 END USE OF ENERGY
OVERVIEW
End use energy is the energy directly consumed by the user, as opposed
to primary energy which is the energy that is harvested directly from
natural resources.
End use energy includes electricity, gasoline, and natural gas. Primary
energy has energy that is usually in a form that is difficult for a
consumer to extract, so energy conversion technology is used to change
the form of the energy.
A country's complete profile of end use energy is often called total
final consumption.
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT LIGHT
ENERGY
Electric eels can produce strong electric shocks of
around 500 volts for both self-defense and hunting.

If a bird sits on just one power line it is safe. However,

if the bird touches another line with a wing or a foot,
it creates a circuit, causing the electricity to flow
through the bird’s body. This results in electrocution.
Electricity causes muscle cells in the heart to contract.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) machines, used by medical
professionals, measure the electricity going through
the heart.
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