9

SCIENCE 9
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 7

Electrical Energy
(Generation, Transmission and
Distribution)
 What I Need to Know

Electrical energy is a very useful form of energy. It is used at homes, offices

and schools. Electrical energy is generated from different sources by power plants,
transmitted through transmission lines and distributed to consumers.
In Grade 8, you have learned about the relationship among the three basic
electrical quantities- electrical current, voltage and resistance. You were tasked to
construct simple electrical circuits that led to your understanding of Ohm’s Law and
you were able to apply it to everyday situations.
You should remember the topics that you have learned in Science 8 and apply
the safety precautions in order to avoid electrical hazards such as short circuits
through proper electrical connections and proper grounding.
If ever difficulties arise while reading and answering this module, don’t be
discouraged and never give up. Feel free to approach the teacher. Relax and have
fun!
After going through this module, you are expected to demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. how is electricity generated in power plants;
2. how is electricity transmitted in cables/wires;
3. how is electricity distributed in houses in order to supply power to appliances;
and
4. how is the cost of electrical energy consumption computed.

1
 What I know

1. In power stations generating electricity, how is power being is measured?

A. Joule B. Kilojoule C. Kilowatt D. Megawatt
2. In which of the following units is electrical consumption measured by electric
companies for our household consumption in our homes?
A. Kilowatt B. Kilowatt-hour C. Megawatt D. Volt
3. Where is electricity generated?
A. Generator B. Power plants C. Substations D. All of these
4. Which of the following is a way of conserving energy consumption in the
household?
A. Use surge protectors when necessary
B. Switch off appliances when not in use
C. Unplug electrical appliances when not in use for a long time
D. All of these
5. An electrical meter showed an increase in the reading of kWh after a flat iron
was used. About how many hours was it used if it carried 5A from a 220 V line?
A. 1 B. 4 C. 40 D. 44

Lesson 1 Introduction to Electricity

Electricity powers all our gadgets and appliances at home. Have you ever
wondered how electricity reaches us from the electric power plant?
What processes does electricity have to go through in order to reach our home?
Various sources of energy are utilized to provide electricity to power our household.
The tremendous energy produced by falling water is used by water turbines to rotate
large generators at a hydroelectric power plant. As the water falls from the reservoir,
the kinetic energy increases and it flows very fast. This will turn a fan-like device
called a turbine which is connected to the generator’s shaft.
The rotation of the shaft turns powerful electromagnets that are surrounded
by the coil of copper wires. The coil is connected to a step-up transformer that sends
high –voltage current to power lines.

Figure 1: Parts of a Hydropower plant

Reference retrieved from: https://images.app.goo.gl/yz4HZMse1KoRuCmj8

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 Other sources of energy at power plants include steam from burning fossil
fuels, nuclear reactions, wind, and ocean tides. Power plants in general, use
generators to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. One specific source,
however, uses solar panels made of photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into
electrical energy instead of turbines. How do other power plants work?

What’s In

Power plants present in the Philippines.

Bangui Wind Power Bauang Diesel Plant

www. wikipedia.org/power plants www. wikipedia.org/power plants

Sual Power Plant San Roque Power

www. wikipedia.org/power plants www. wikipedia.org/power plants

Bataan Nuclear Power Mak-Ban Geothermal Plant

www. wikipedia.org/power plants www. loxon.com.ph

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 What’s New

DIRECTIONS:
A. Find the terms in the box from the letter grid. Encircle or shade them.
Renewable Wind energy Generator Fossil fuel
Non renewable Transmission Nuclear Transformer
Hydrothermal Natural gas coal Geothermal energy
R E N E W A B L E G S R Q W E T
Geothermal energy
D F G H J Y G R E N E D N I W R
H Y D R O T H E R M A L H K Y A
F B N F G G H J K L V R C D N N
E M A G N E T I C F I E L D A S
R T U H N O V C S L S F R H T M
A S R F H T Y U O I L A H J U I
E G T R G H G S V O L C B N R S
L R F E V E E D S O T O H N A S
B E O M R R A Z S W D A L P L I
A H S R O M R Y N D B L A G G O
W C S O H A O C O I L A T E A N
E P I F I L Z Z A E P I E R S E
N L L S E E C H E S F L A E T C
E S F N O N R O R E M U S N O C
R N U A A E V I R L U S P A N D
N Q E R U R A N T N U C L E A R
O W L T O G Z G E N E R A T O R
N C O M M Y U N I T Y E N H A N

B. Match the words on Column A to that of the given description at Column B

Matching Type
____1. Solar Energy a. energy from the heat of the earth
____2. Nuclear Energy b. energy from splitting of atoms
____3. Wind Energy c. energy from falling water
____4. Geothermal Energy d. energy from the sun
____5. Hydrothermal Energy e. energy from speed of the wind

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 What is It

From the power plants, electricity is then made to travel along cables and
wires called transmission lines.
➢ Transmission lines are commonly put up between transmission substations
which are regulated by the National Power Corporation.
➢ Transmission lines may either be constructed overhead on towers or they may
be underground. They are operated at high voltages, send out large amounts
of electrical power, and extend over considerable distances.
➢ From the generating station, the transmission substations step up the voltage
to a range of 138,000 – 765,000 volts. Within the operating area, transmission
substations reduce the voltage to 34,500 -138,000 volts.
➢ The power is then carried to through lines to the distribution systems located
in the local service area.
➢ The distribution system connects the transmission system to the customer’s
household. PANELCO is in charge of the electrical energy distribution in
Pangasinan. The substations further step down the voltage to 220 V, the
standard AC voltage in the Philippines. The voltage powers most of the
electrical appliances we have at home.

Can you identify the different stages of power generation, transmission, and
distribution?
1. Steam is generated in the power plant by the
burning of fossil fuels or by nuclear fission or
geothermal energy.

2. The steam powers a turbine which spins a huge

magnet inside a copper wire. Heat energy converts
to mechanical energy which then converts to
electrical energy in the generator.

3. Electricity flows from the power plant through

wires to the step up transformer. The transformer
raises the voltage so it can travel long distances –
it is raised to as high as 756,000 volts.

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 4. The electric current then runs through the
power lines to the substation transformer where
voltage is lowered to between 2000 and 13000
volts.

5. Electricity is then taken through the lines to a

pole transformer – or a transformer box if
underground- and voltage is lowered again to 120
or 220 or 240 volts.
6. From there, electricity comes into your home
through a service box, where your meter is located
to measure how much you use. Wires take
electricity around your home, powering your lights
and all your other appliances.

What’s More
Are you aware of how much your parents are paying for your electricity bill in
a month? Were you once or many times reminded by your mother or father to
minimize the use of electricity at home? That you were told not to use your electrical
appliances so often or too long? Or that you have to save money for other expenses
at home?
Calculating how much electrical energy you consume is important in order
to know how much of the energy is used up at home.
You have learned in Grade 8 the electrical basic quantities which are
current, voltage and resistance. Multiplying the voltage and current is equal to
power. The power rating of an appliance depends on both the voltage and current.
The formula in finding power (in watts) is written below:
P = VI
Where: P = power (watts) ; V = voltage (volts) ; I = current ( amperes)
For example, an electric lamp draws 2-A current from a 220 V outlet, its
power input is 440 W. For an appliance, the power rating is large in number, so the
unit used for power rating in a household is in kilowatt (kW) which is equal to 1,000
watts. All of the appliances in a household may have a combined power rating, that
is why, energy is usually computed based on the time of usage of the appliances.
To get the total energy used by an appliance in an hour, multiply the power
consumption by the one hour as in the formula below:
E= Pt

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 Where: E= energy used (kWh) ; P= Power (W) ; T= Time (s)
The unit of measurement for energy usage is kilowatt-hour (kWh) which is one
kilowatt of power for a period of one hour. For example, the reading in the analog
meter is 4280 kWh. To find how much energy you used in one month, your last
month’s reading is subtracted from the total.
Try to solve these problems:
Direction: Calculate what is being asked in the given problem. Show your solutions.
1. All of the computers in the ICT room are in use for 5 hours every day and
together use 8.3 kW. How much energy is used in a day?
2. How much does it cost to operate a 400 W television for eight hours if electrical
energy costs Php 8.08 pesos per kWh (includes both generation and
distribution charges – (PANELCO rate as of January 2015)? How about in one
week? In one month? (Source: www.kuryente.org.ph/electric-
company/rates/6)
3. If a 20 W table lamp is used for 10 hours, how much electrical energy is
consumed?

What I Have Learned

Direction: Complete the following facts/statements below:

• In a generator, the ________________ is transformed into electrical energy.
• ________ is a fan-like device that is turned as the water flows very fast from a
water falls.
• Electricity is produced in the ____________, transmitted at high current and
voltage in transmission substation, passed to the distribution substations,
then finally distributed to business and residential areas.
• As the voltage travels from the source to the consumers, the voltage is stepped-
up for transmission and _______________ before being distributed to
households.

What I Can Do
Think of some ways on how to save on electrical energy consumption.
List down at least 3 energy saving tips for each appliance:

Lights and lamps Electric fans Television

7
 Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What energy transformation takes place in a generator?
A. Chemical to mechanical C. Heat to mechanical
B. Electrical to mechanical D. Mechanical to electrical
2. In power stations generating electricity, how is power measured?
A. joule C. kilowatt
B. kilojoule D. megawatt
3. In which of the following units is electrical consumption measured by electric
companies for our household consumption in our homes?
A. Kilowatt C. Megawatt
B. Kilowatt-hour D. Volt
4. What type of power plant is Bataan Power Plant?
A. Coal power C. hydropower plant .
B. Geothermal power D. nuclear power
5. What is the agency that is in charge of the electrical energy distribution in
Pangasinan?
A. MERALCO C. San Roque
B. PANELCO D. None of these
6. An increase of kWh is shown in an electric meter after a flatiron is used. How
many hours was it used if it carried 5A from a 220V line?
A. 1 C. 40
B. 4 D. 44
7. How does an energy consumption of an electrical appliance determined?
A. Through the appliance’s power rating and the number of hours it is used.
B. Through the number of hours the appliance is used in a day
C. Through the appliance’s voltage
D. All of these
8. Which of the following is not a way of conserving energy to reduce monthly
electric bill?
A. Use an electrical appliance with a low power wattage
B. Replace an incandescent bulb with compact fluorescent lamps.
C. Do not unplug electrical appliances even not in use.
D. None of these
9. There is a need to conserve energy consumption at home, which of the
following is a way?
A. Use surge protectors when necessary
B. Switch off appliances when not in use.
C. Unplug electrical appliances when not in use for a long time.
D. All of these
10. Which of the following statements is not correct?
A. Electricity produces magnetism
B. Electricity begins at the transmission lines over long distances
C. Geothermal energy is said to be a proven indigenous energy source
D. Our country has almost all types of power plants except nuclear power
plants

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 9
What’s New What’s New
Part A. Part B.
1. D
2. B
3. E
4. A
5. C
Answer Key
 10. B
= 0.2 kWh
9. D
= (0.020 kW)(10 h)
8. C
Solution: E = Pt
7. A
Required: energy used
6. D
t = 10 h
5. B
3. Given :P = 20 W = 0.020 kWh
4. D
3. B
= Php 775.68
2. D
Cost = 96 kWh x Php 8.08
1. D
= 96 kWh
Assessment
For one month: E = (0.400kWh) (30 x 8 h)
may vary
- Answers
= Php 197.12
What I Can Do
Cost = 22.4 kWh x Php 8.08
down
= 22.4kWh
• Stepped
For one week: E = (0.400 kWh)(7 x 8h)
plants
= Php 25.86 for 8 hrs • Power
= 3.2 kWh x Php 8.08 Cost: • Turbine
l energy
E = 3.2 kWh • Mechanica
= (0.400 kW)(8 h) Learned
Solution: E = Pt What I Have
Required: Cost to operate
charge = Php 8.08
t= 8h
2. Given: P = 400 W = 0.400kW D 5.
D 4.
E = 41.5 kWh B 3.
=(8.3 kW)(5h) B 2.
Solution: E = Pt D 1.
Required: Energy consumed
1. Given: P = 8.3 kW T= 5h What I Know
What's More

References:
Books:
Alvarez, iLiza iA. iEt. iAl. iScience i9 iLearner’s iModule
Cohen, iM. i(1992). iDiscover iscience. iMetro iManila: iAcademe iPublishing iHouse.
Crisostomo iand iPadua i(2003) iPractical iand iExplorational iPhysics i(Modular iApproach).
iVival iPublising iHouse, iInc. iQuezon iCity, iCebu iCity iand iDavao iCity.
De ila iPeña iand iFerrer i(1999) iScience iand iTechnology iIV, iPhoenix iPublishing iHouse,
iInc. iQuezon iCity.
DEPED iScience i9 iLearner’s iModule iand iTeacher’s iGuide
Florentina T. Tabangcura, Teacher III,Naglaoa-an National High School
Garlick, Edward, CGPs Brilliant Books
Giancoli, iDouglas iC. iPhysics iPrinciples iwith iapplications, i6th iedition. iJurong,
iSingapore: iPearson iEduc. iSouth iAsia iPte. iLtd. i2007
Halliday, iD., iResnick, iR. iand iKrane, iK. i(1994). iFundamentals iof iphysics. iSingapore:
iJohn iWiley i& iSons iInc.
Hewitt, iP. i(1989). iConceptual iphysics i(6th iEd.) iLondon: iScoot, iForesman iand
iCompany
Hewitt, iP. i(2002). iConceptual iphysics: ithe ihigh ischool iphysics iprogram, iUpper iSaddle
iRiver, iNew iJersey: iPrentice- iHall
Heuvelen, iA. i(1986). iPhysics: ia igeneral iintroduction i(2nd iEdition). iSta. iCruz, iManila:
iUNI-ED iInc.,
Jones, iE. iand iChilders, iR. i(1999). iContemporary icollege iphysics. iNew iYork: iMc iCraw-
Hill iCo.

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Jones, iAndrew iZimmerman. i"The iPhysics iof ia iCar iCollision." iThought iCo, iFeb. i11,
i2020, ithoughtco.com/what-is-the-physics-of-a-car-collision-2698920.
Morales, iM.P. i(2000). iWorktext iin iphysical isciences. iManila: iPNU iPress.
Padua, Alicia L., et. Al. Practical and Explorational Physics Modular Approach, Vibal
Publishing House, Inc.
Rabago, iLilia iM. iK ito i12 iGrade i9 iWorktext iScience iand iTechnology, iPhilippine
iEducational iPublishers’ iAssociation; iBook iDevelopment iof ithe iPhilippines
Young, iHugh. iD. i(1996). iUniversity iphysics i(9th iEdition). iNY: iAddison-Wesley iPub. iCo.
Young, iHugh. iD. iand iFriedman iR.G. i(2004). iUniversity iphysics i(11th iEdition).
iAddison-Wesley, iSane4 iFrancisco, iCA: iPearson: iEducation iSouth iAsia iPTE iLtd.
Aguinaldo, Cristina N. Et. Al. Contextualized Science Modules, Quarter 4: Force Motion and
Energy

Links:
http://www.tonysblo.in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/power plants
http://heatenginekiechiko.blogspot.com/2017/02/heat-engine-work.html
https://images.app.goo.gl/Qvr6KK1mgL9Rjqpj9
https://docplayer.net/75452852-Electrical-energy-consumption-and-calculation-
by-cagasan-cinco-remulta-sorela.html
https://docplayer.net/75452852-Electrical-energy-consumption-and-calculation-
by-cagasan-cinco-remulta-sorela.html
file:///C:/Users/Cristina/Downloads/ELECTRICAL%20ENERGY%20CONSUMPTIO
N%20AND%20CALCULATION%20BY%20CAGASAN,%20CINCO,%20REMULT
A,%20SORELA.pdf
http://heatenginekiechiko.blogspot.com/2017/02/heat-engine-work.html
https://www.caplor.co.uk/renewable-heat/heat-pumps/how-do-air-source-heat-
pumps-work/
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/thermo1.html

11
Name: __________________________________________ Date: _________________
Grade/ Section: _________________________________ Score: ________________

Subject: Science 9
Quarter: 4th
Worksheet No. 7
MELC: Explain how electrical energy is generated, transmitted and distributed
(S9FE-IVh-j-46)

PART I. Directions: Choose the letter of your answer from the given
choices. Write your answers in the space provided.

___2. The energy source that uses

plants or waste to produce
energy is
A. biomass C. nuclear fission
B. hydropower D.solar energy

To generate electricity
with

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 PART II. Arrange the following events in the transmission and distribution
in proper sequence. Assign numbers 1-6 in the space provided to indicate
the correct sequence of events.
_____ From there, electricity comes into your home through a service box, where your
meter is located to measure how much you use. Wires take electricity around
your home, powering your lights and all your other appliances.
_____ Steam is generated in the power plant by the burning of fossil fuels or by
nuclear fission or geothermal energy.
_____ The steam powers a turbine that spins a huge magnet inside a copper wire.
Heat energy converts to mechanical energy which then converts to electrical
energy in the generator.
_____ Electricity is then taken through the lines to a pole transformer – or a
transformer box if underground- and voltage is lowered again to 120 or 220 or
240 volts.
_____ The electric current then runs through the power lines to the substation
transformer where voltage is lowered to between 2000 and 13000 volts.
_____ Electricity flows from the power plant through wires to the step-up transformer.
The transformer raises the voltage so it can travel long distances – it is raised
to as high as 756,000 volts.

PART III - An increase of 2 kWh is shown in an electric meter after a

flat iron is used. How many hours was it used if it carried 5A from a
220V line?

Given: I= 5A
V= 220 V
P= ?

E= 2 kWh
(Hint: t= E/P)

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