CHAPTER-2- RELATIONS

EXERCISE 2A
Q.1. (i)
Solution: Given that (a + 3, b –2) = (5, 1)
 Given ordered pairs are equal. So, corresponding elements are
also equal.
∴a + 3 = 5 …eq.(i) and b – 2 = 1 …eq.(ii)
After solving eq. (i), we get
a + 3 = 5 ⇒a = 2
after solving eq. (ii), we get
b–2=1⇒b=3
Therefore, the value of a = 2 and b = 3.
(ii)
Solution: Given that (a + b, 2b – 3) = (4, –5)
 Given ordered pairs are equal. So, corresponding elements are
also equal.
∴, a + b = 4 …(i) and 2b – 3 = -5 …(ii)
After solving eq. (ii), we get
2b – 3 = -5 ⇒ 2b = -2 ⇒ b = -1
Putting the value of b = - 1 in eq. (i), we get
a + (-1) = 4 ⇒ a = 4 + 1 ⇒ a = 5
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Therefore, the value of a = 5 and b = -1.

(iii) Solution: Given that

 Given ordered pairs are equal. So, corresponding elements are
also equal.
a 5
∴ 3 + 1 = 3…(i)
1 2
And b− 3 = 3…(ii)

After solving Eq. (i), we get

𝑎𝑎 5 5
3
+ 1 = 3⇒ a = 3 �3 − 1�⇒ a = 5 – 3⇒ a = 2

After solving eq. (ii), we get

1 2 2 1
b− 3 = 3⇒𝑏𝑏 = 3 + 3⇒ b = 1

Therefore , the value of a = 2 and b = 1.

(iv) Solution: (a – 2, 2b + 1 = (b – 1, a + 2)
 Given ordered pairs are equal. So, corresponding elements are

also equal.
∴ a – 2 = b – 1 …(i) and 2b + 1 = a + 2 …(ii)
Solving eq. (i), we get
a – 2 = b – 1⇒ a – b = -1 + 2 ⇒ a – b = 1 … (iii)
after solving eq. (ii), we get
2b + 1 = a + 2 ⇒ 2b – a = 2 – 1 ⇒– a + 2b = 1 …(iv)

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After adding eq. (iii) and (iv), we get
a – b + (– a) + 2b = 1 + 1 ⇒ a – b – a + 2b = 2 ⇒ b = 2
Putting the value of b = 2 in eq. (iii), we get
a–2=1⇒a=3
Therefore, the value of a = 3 and b = 2.
2.
Solution: Given: A = {9, 1} and B = {1, 2, 3}
To show: A × B ≠ B × A
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian
product,
Given two non – empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y
is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, .i.e.
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x Є X, y Є Y}
Here, A = (9, 1) and B = (1, 2, 3). So, A × B = (9, 1) × (1, 2, 3)
A × B = {(9, 1), (9, 2), (9, 3), (1, 1), (1, 2), (1,3)}

B × A = (1, 2, 3) × (9, 1)= {(1, 9), (2, 9), (3, 9), (1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1)}
According to the definition of equality of ordered pairs .i.e. the
corresponding first elementsare equal and the second elements are
also equal, but here, the pair (9, 2) is not equalto the pair (2, 9)

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∴A × B ≠ B × A
Hence proved
3.
Solution: Given: P = {a, b} and Q = {x, y, z}
To show: P × Q ≠ Q × P
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian
product,
Given two non – empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y
is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, .i.e.
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x Є X, y Є Y}
Here, P = (a, b) and Q = (x, y, z). So, P × Q = (a, b) × (x, y, z)
P × Q = {(a, x), (a, y), (a, z), (b, x),
(b, y), (b, z)}
Q × P = (x, y, z) × (a, b) = {(x, a), (y, a), (z, a), (x, b), (y, b), (z, b)}
According to the definition of equality of ordered pairs .i.e. the
corresponding first elementsare equal and the second elements are
also equal, but here the pair (a, x) is not equalto the pair (x, a)
∴ P× Q ≠ Q × P
Hence proved
4.

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Solution: (i) Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}
To find: A × B
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian
product,
Given two non – empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y
is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, .i.e.
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x Є X, y Є Y}
Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}. So, A × B = (2, 3, 5) × (5, 7)
A × B = {(2, 5), (3, 5), (5, 5), (2, 7), (3, 7), (5, 7)}
(ii) Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}
To find: B × A
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian
product,
Given two non – empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y
is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, .i.e.
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x Є X, y Є Y}
Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}. So, B × A = (5, 7) × (2, 3, 5)
B × A = {(5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 5), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 5)}
(iii) Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {2, 3, 5}

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To find: A × A
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian
product,
Given two non – empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y
is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, .i.e.
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x Є X, y Є Y}
Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and A = {2, 3, 5}. So, A × A = (2, 3, 5) × (2, 3,
5)
A × A= {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5,
5)}
(iv) Given: B = {5, 7}
To find: B × B
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian
product,
Given two non – empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y
is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, .i.e.
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x Є X, y Є Y}
Here, B = {5, 7} and B = {5, 7}. So, B × B = (5, 7) × (5, 7)
B × B = {(5, 5), (5, 7), (7, 5), (7, 7)}

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5.
Solution:
Given: A = {x ϵ N: x ≤ 3} where N = set of natural numbers.
∴ A = {1, 2, 3}
and B = {x ϵ W: x < 2} where W =set of whole numbers(non –
negative integers)
∴ B = {0, 1}
Now,A × B = {1, 2, 3} × {0, 1}={1, 0}{1,1 }{2, 1}{2, 0}{3, 0}{3,
1}
B × A={0, 1}×{1, 2, 3} ={0, 1}{0,2 }{0, 3}{1, 1}{1, 2}{1, 3}
[According to the definitionof equality of ordered pairs .i.e. the
corresponding first elements areequal and the second elements are
also equal, but here the pair (1, 0) is not equal tothe pair (0, 1)]
Therefore, A × B ≠ B × A
6.
Solution: (i) Given: A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {3, 4} and C = {2, 3}
L. H. S = A × (B ⋃ C)
According to the definition of the union of two sets,So,
(B ⋃ C) = {2, 3, 4}
Now, A × (B ⋃ C) = {1, 3, 5} × {2, 3, 4}
Now, According to the definition of the Cartesian product,

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= {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
Now, R. H. S = (A × B) ⋃ (A × C)
So, A × B = {1, 3, 5} × {3, 4} = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4), (5, 3),
(5, 4)}
and A × C = {1, 3, 5} × {2, 3} = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3), (5, 2),
(5, 3)}
Now, we have to find (A × B) ⋃ (A × C)
According to the definition of the union of two sets,
(A × B) ⋃ (A × C) = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (5, 2),
(5, 3), (5, 4)}= L. H. S
∴ L. H. S = R. H. S is verified
(ii) Given: A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {3, 4} and C = {2, 3}
L. H. S = A × (B ⋂ C)
According to the definition of the union of two sets, So,
(B ⋂ C) = {3}
Now A × (B ⋂ C) = {1, 3, 5} × {3} = {(1, 3), (3, 3), (5, 3)}
R. H. S = (A × B) ⋂ (A × C)
Now, A × B = {1, 3, 5} × {3, 4} = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4), (5,
3), (5, 4)}
and A × C = {1, 3, 5} × {2, 3} = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3), (5, 2),
(5, 3)}

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Now, According to the definition of the intersection of two sets,
(A × B) ⋂ (A × C) = {(1, 3), (3, 3), (5, 3)} = L. H. S
∴ L. H. S = R. H. S is verified
7.
Solution: (i) Given:
A = {x ϵW : x < 2} where, W = the set of whole numbers (non –
negative integers).
∴ A = {0, 1}
B = {x ϵN : 1 < x ≤ 4} where, N = the set of natural numbers.
∴ B = {2, 3, 4}
and C = {3, 5}
L. H. S = A × (B ⋃ C)
According to the definition of the union of two sets,
(B ⋃ C) = {2, 3, 4, 5}
A × (B ⋃ C) = {0, 1} × {2, 3, 4, 5}
Now, according to the definition of the Cartesian product,
So, A × (B ⋃ C) = {(0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (0, 5), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),
(1, 5)}
R. H. S = (A × B) ⋃ (A × C)
Now, A × B = {0, 1} × {2, 3, 4} = {(0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 2), (1,
3), (1, 4)}
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and A × C = {0, 1} × {3, 5} = {(0, 3), (0, 5), (1, 3), (1, 5)}
Now, according to the definition of the union of two sets,
(A × B) ⋃ (A × C) = {(0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (0, 5), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1,
4), (1, 5)} = L. H. S
∴ L. H. S = R. H. S is verified
(ii) Given:
A = {x ϵW : x < 2} where W = set of whole numbers (non –
negative integers).
∴ A = {0, 1} [∵x < 2 and the whole numbers which are less than 2
are 0, 1]
B = {x ϵN : 1 < x ≤ 4} where, N = set of natural numbers.
∴ B = {2, 3, 4} [∵the value of x is greater than 1 and less than or
equal to 4]
and C = {3, 5}
L. H. S = A × (B ⋂ C)
According to the definition of the intersection of two sets, (B ⋂ C)
= {3}
Now A × (B ⋂ C) = {0, 1} × {3} = {(0, 3), (1, 3)}
R. H. S = (A × B) ⋂ (A × C)
Now, A × B = {0, 1} × {2, 3, 4} = {(0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 2), (1,
3), (1, 4)}

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and A × C = {0, 1} × {3, 5} = {(0, 3), (0, 5), (1, 3), (1, 5)}
So, according to the definition of the intersection of two sets,
(A × B) ⋂ (A × C) = {(0, 3), (1, 3)} = L. H. S
∴ L. H. S = R. H. S is verified
8. Solution: Given, A × B = {(–2, 3), (–2, 4), (0, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
To find: A and B
Clearly, A is the set of all first entries in ordered pairs in A × B
∴ A = {-2, 0, 3}
and B is the set of all second entries in ordered pairs in A × B
∴ B = {3, 4}
Q. 9.
Solution: Given: A = {2, 3} and B = {4,5}
To find: A × B
According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
So, A × B = (2, 3) × (4, 5) = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
∴Number of elements of A× B = n = 4
Number of subsets of A × B = 2n= 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16
∴, the set A × B has 16 subsets.
Q. 10.
Solution: Given: A × B = {(a, b): b = 3a – 2}
and {(x, –5), (2, y)} Є A × B

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For (x, –5) Є A × B
b = 3a – 2 ⇒– 5 = 3(x) – 2 ⇒– 3 = 3x ⇒ x = –1
For (2, y) Є A × B
b = 3a – 2 ⇒ y = 3(2) – 2 ⇒ y = 4
Hence, the value of x = –1 and y = 4
Q. 11.
Solution: It is given that n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 2
Since, (a, 0), (b, 1), (c, 0) are the elements of A × B.
∴a, b, c Є A and 0, 1 Є B
∴a, b, c Є A and n(A) = 3 ⇒ A = {a, b, c}
and 0, 1 Є B and n(B) = 2 ⇒ B = {0, 1}
Q. 12.
Solution: (i) Given: A = {-2, 2} and B = {0, 3, 5}
To find: A × B
According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
A = {-2, 2} and B = {0, 3, 5}. So, A × B = {(-2, 0), (-2, 3), (-2, 5),
(2, 0), (2, 3), (2, 5)}
(ii) Given: A = {-2, 2} and B = {0, 3, 5}
To find: B × A
According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Here, A = {-2, 2} and B = {0, 3, 5}.

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So,B × A = {(0, -2), (0, 2), (3, -2), (3, 2), (5, -2), (5, 2)}
(iii) Given: A = {-2, 2}
To find: A × A
According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
A = {-2, 2} and A = {-2, 2}. So, A × A = {(-2, -2), (-2, 2), (2, -2),
(2, 2)}
(iv) Given: B = {0, 3, 5}
To find: B × B
According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Now B = {0, 3, 5} and B = {0, 3, 5}.
So, B × B = {(0, 0), (0, 3), (0, 5), (3, 0), (3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 0), (5, 3),
(5, 5)}
Q. 13.
Solution: Given A = {5, 7}
So, according to the definition of the Cartesian product,
A = {5, 7} and A = {5, 7}.So,A × A = {(5, 5), (5, 7), (7, 5), (7, 7)}
Now again, we apply the definition of Cartesian product to find A ×
A×A
Here, A = {5, 7} and A × A = {(5, 5), (5, 7), (7, 5), (7, 7)}
∴ A × A × A = {(5, 5, 5), (5, 5, 7), (5, 7, 5), (5, 7, 7), (7, 5, 5),
(7, 5, 7), (7, 7, 5), (7, 7, 7)}

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Q. 14
Solution: (i) Given: A = {-3, -1} and B = {1, 3}
To find: A × B
According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
A = {-3, -1} and B = {1, 3}. So,A × B = {-3, -1} × {1, 3}
= {(-3, 1), (-3, 3), (-1, 1), (-1, 3)}
(ii) Given: C = {3, 5}
From part (i), we know that A × B = {(-3, 1), (-3, 3), (-1, 1), (-1,
3)}
Now ,(A × B) × C = {(-3, 1), (-3, 3), (-1, 1), (-1, 3)} × (3, 5)
= (-3, 1, 3), (-3, 1 , 5), (-3, 3, 3), (-3, 3, 5), (-1, 1, 3), (-1, 1, 5),
(-1, 3, 3), (-1, 3, 5)}
(iii) Given: B = {1, 3} and C = {3, 5}
To find: B × C
According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
B = {1, 3} and C = {3, 5}. So,B × C = (1, 3) × (3, 5)
= {(1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 3), (3, 5)}
(iv) Given: A = {-3, -1}
From part (iii), we know that B × C = {(1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 3), (3, 5)}
So, A × (B × C) = {-3, -1} × {(1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 3), (3, 5)}

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= (-3, 1, 3), (-3, 1, 5), (-3, 3, 3), (-3, 3, 5), (-1, 1, 3), (-1, 1, 5), (-1, 3,
3), (-1, 3, 5)}

EXERCISE 2B

Q. 1 A.
Solution: Given: A, B and C three sets are given.
To prove: A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A× C)
Let us consider, (x, y) ∈ A × (B ∪ C)
⇒x∈ A and y∈ (B ∪ C)
⇒x∈A and (y∈B or y ∈C)
⇒ (x∈A and y∈B) or (𝑥𝑥 ∈A and y∈C)
⇒ (x, y) ∈(A × B) or (x, y) ∈ (A × C)
⇒ (x, y) ∈(A × B) ∪ (A × C)
From this we can conclude that,
⇒ A × (B ∪ C) ⊆ (A × B) ∪ (A × C)----- (i)
Let us consider again, (a, b)∈ (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
⇒ (a, b) ∈ (A × B) or (a, b) ∈ (A × C)
⇒ (a∈ A and b∈ B) or (𝑎𝑎 ∈A and b∈C)
⇒ a∈ A and (b∈B or b∈ C)
⇒a∈ A and b∈ (B ∪ C)
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⇒ (a, b) ∈A × (B ∪ C)
From this, we can conclude that,
⇒ (A × B) ∪ (A × C) ⊆ A × (B ∪ C) ---- (ii)
from (i) and (ii),
A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C) [Proved]
Q. 1 B.
Solution: Given: A, B and C three sets are given.
To prove: A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
Let us consider, (x, y) ∈ A × (B ∩ C)
⇒ x∈ A and y∈ (B ∩ C)
⇒ (x∈A and y∈ B) (x∈A and (y∈C)
⇒ (x, y) ∈ (A × B) and (x, y) ∈ (A × C)
⇒ (x, y) ∈ (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
From above, we can say that,
⇒ A × (B ∩ C) ⊆ (A × B) ∩ (A × C) ---- (i)
Let us consider again, (a, b) ∈ (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
⇒ (a, b) ∈ (A × B) and (a, b) ∈ (A × C)
⇒ (a∈A and b∈ B) and (a∈A and b∈ C)
⇒ a∈A and (b∈B and b∈ C)
⇒ a∈A and b∈ (B ∩ C)
⇒ (a, b) ∈ A × (B ∩ C)
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From above, we can say that,
⇒ (A × B) ∩ (A × C) ⊆ A × (B ∩ C) ---- (ii)

from (1) and (2),

A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
Hence Proved.
Q. 1 C.
Solution: Given: A, B and C three sets are given.
To prove: A × (B – C) = (A × B) – (A × C)
Let us consider, (x, y) ∈A × (B – C)
⇒ x∈A and y∈ (B – C )
⇒ x∈A and (y∈B and y ∈ C)
⇒ (x∈A and y∈B) and (x∈A and y∈ C)
⇒ (x, y) ∈ (A × B) and (x, y) ∈ (A × C)
⇒ (x, y) ∈ (A × B) – (A × C)
From above, we can say that,
⇒ A × (B – C) ∈ (A × B) – (A × C) ---- (i)
Let us consider again, (a, b) ∈ (A × B) – (A × C)
⇒ (a, b) ∈ (A × B) and (a, b) ∈ (A × C)
⇒ (a∈A and b∈B) and (a∈A and b ∈C)
⇒ a∈A and (b∈B and b ∈ C)
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⇒ a∈ A and b∈ (B – C)
⇒ (a, b) ∈ A × (B ∪ C)
From above, we can say that,
⇒ (A × B) – (A × C) ∈ A × (B – C) ---- (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we can say that,
A × (B – C) = (A × B) – (A × C) Hence proved.
Q. 2.
Solution: Given: A and B two sets are given.
Need to prove: (A × B) ∩ (B × A) = (A ∩ B) × (B ∩ A)
Let us consider, (x, y) ∈ (A × B) ∩ (B × A)
⇒ (x, y) ∈ (A × B) and (x, y) ∈ (B × A)
⇒ (x∈A and y∈B) and (x∈B and y∈A)
⇒ (x∈A and ∈B) and (y∈B and y∈ A)
⇒ x∈ (A × B) and y∈ (B × A)
⇒ (x, y) ∈ (A × B) ∩ (B × A)
From above, we can say that,
⇒ (A × B) ∩ (B × A) = (A ∩ B) × (B ∩ A)----- (i)
Let us consider again, (a, b) ∈ (A ∩ B) × (B ∩ A)
⇒ a∈ (A ∩ B) and b∈ (B ∩ A)
⇒ (a∈A and a∈ B) and (b∈B and b ∈ A)
⇒ (a∈A and b∈B) and (a∈B and b∈A)
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⇒ (a, b) ∈ (A × B) and (a, b) ∈ (B × A)
⇒ (a, b) ∈ (A × B) ∩ (B × A)
From above, we can say that,
⇒ (A ∩ B) × (B ∩ A)  (A × B) ∩ (B × A)----- (ii)
we can say that, from (i) and (ii),
(A × B) ∩ (B × A) = (A ∩ B) × (B ∩ A) Hence Proved.
Q. 3.
Solution: Given: A = B, where A and B are nonempty sets.
To prove: A × B = B × A
Let us consider, (x, y) (A × B)
That means, x∈A and y∈ B
As given in the problem A = B, we can write,
⇒ x∈ B and y∈ A
⇒ (x, y) ∈ (B × A)
That means, (A × B) (B × A) ----- (i)
Similarly we can prove,
⇒ (B × A) = (A × B) ----- (ii)
we can say, from (i) and (ii),
A×B=B×A Hence Proved
Q. 4.
Solution: (i) Given: A ⊆ B

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To prove: A × C ⊆ B ×C
Let us consider, (x,y) ∈ A × C
now, x∈A and y∈C
but given, A ⊆ B
So, x will surely be in the set B as A is the subset of B and x∈A.
So, we can say x∈B
Therefore, x∈B and y∈C ⇒ (x, y) ∈ (B × C)
Hence, we can say that,
A×C ⊆ B×C Hence Proved
(ii) Given: A ⊆ B and C ⊆ D
To prove: A × C ⊆ B × D
Let us consider, (x, y) ∈ (A × C)
So, x∈A and y∈C
But given, A ⊆ B and C ⊆ D
So, we can say, x∈B and y∈ D
(x, y) ∈ (B × D)
Therefore, we can say that, A × C ⊆ B × D Hence Proved
Q. 5.
Solution: Given: A × B ⊆ C × D and A × B ≠ ϕ
To prove: A ⊆ C and B ⊆ D
Let us consider, (x, y) ∈ (A × B) ----- (i)
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
⇒ (x, y) ∈ (C × D) [as A × B ⊆ C × D]----- (ii)
From (i) we can say that,
x ∈ A and y ∈ B ---- (iii)
From (ii) we can say that,
x ∈ C and y ∈ D ----- (iv)
Comparing (iii) and (iv) we can say that,
⇒ x ∈ A and 𝐴𝐴 ∈ C
⇒A ⊆ C
Again,
⇒ y∈ B and y∈ D ⇒B⊆ D Hence Proved
Q. 6.
Solution: Given: n(A) = 3, n(B) = 4 and n(A ∩ B) = 2
(i) To find: n(A × B)
As we know that n(A × B) = n(A) × n(B)
⇒ n(A × B) = 3 × 4 =12
(ii) To find: n(B × A)
As we know that n(B × A) = n(B) × n(A)
⇒ n(B × A) = 4 × 3 = 12
(iii) To find: n((A × B) ∩ (B × A))
As we know that n((A × B) ∩ (B × A)) = n(A × B) + n(B × A) –
n((A × B) ∪ (B × A))
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
n((A × B) ∩ (B × A)) = n(A × B) + n(B × A) – n(A × B) + n(B × A)
n((A × B) ∩ (B × A)) = 0
Q. 7.
Solution: As we know that,
(A × B) ∩ (B × A) = (A ∩ B) × (B ∩ A)
But given that A and B have an element in common i.e.,
n(A ∩ B) = 1 = (B ∩ A)
So, n((A × B) ∩ (B × A)) = n((A ∩ B) × (B ∩ A)) = n(A ∩ B) ×
n(B ∩ A) = 1 × 1 = 1
That means, A × B and B × A have an element in common if and
only if A and B have an element in common.
Q. 8.
Solution: Given: A = {1, 2} and B = {2, 3}
All possible subsets of A × B= ?
A = {1, 2} and B = {2, 3}
So, all the possible subsets of A × B are:
(A × B) = {(x, y): x∈ A and y∈ B}
= {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2,2), (2,3)}
Q. 9.
Solution: Given: A = {a, b, c, d,}, B = {c, d, e} and C = {d, e, f, g}
(i) To Verified : A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

L.H.S. (B ∩ C) = {d, e}
⇒ A × (B ∩ C) = {(a, d), (a, e), (b, d), (b, e), (c, d), (c, e), (d, d), (d,
e)}
R.H.S.,
(A × B) = {(a, c), (a, d), (a, e), (b, c), (b, d), (b, e), (c, c), (c, d), (c,
e), (d, c), (d, d), (d, e)}
(A × C) = {(a, d), (a, e), (a, f), (a, g), (b, d), (b, e), (b, f), (b, g), (c,
d), (c, e), (c, f), (c, g), (d, d), (d, e), (d, f), (d, g)}
Now,
(A × B) ∩ (A × C) = {(a, d), (a, e), (b, d), (b, e), (c, d), (c, e), (d, d),
(d, e)}
LHS = RHS
So, A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C) Hence Verified.
(ii) To Verified: A × (B – C) = (A × B) – (A × C)
Left hand side,
(B – C) = {c}
⇒ A × (B – C) = {(a, c), (b, c), (c, c), (d, c)}
Right hand side,
(A × B) = {(a, c), (a, d), (a, e), (b, c), (b, d), (b, e), (c, c), (c, d), (c,
e), (d, c), (d, d), (d, e)}

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

(A × C) = {(a, d), (a, e), (a, f), (a, g), (b, d), (b, e), (b, f), (b, g), (c,
d), (c, e), (c, f), (c, g), (d, d), (d, e), (d, f), (d, g)}
Therefore, (A × B) – (A × C) = {(a, c), (b, c), (c, c), (d, c)}
Here, right hand side and left hand side are equal.
That means, A × (B – C) = (A × B) – (A × C) [Proved]
(iii) To Verified:
(A × B) ∩ (B × A) = (A ∩ B) × (A ∩ B)
LHS,
(A × B) = {(a, c), (a, d), (a, e), (b, c), (b, d), (b, e), (c, c), (c, d), (c,
e), (d, c), (d, d), (d, e)}
(B × A) = {(c, a), (c, b), (c, c), (c, d), (d, a), (d, b), (d, c), (d, d), (e,
a), (e, b), (e, c), (e, d)}
Now, (A × B) ∩ (B × A) = {(c, c), (c, d), (d, c), (d, d)}
R HS,
(A ∩ B) = {c, d}
So, (A ∩ B) × (A ∩ B) = {(c, c), (c, d), (d, c), (d, d)}
LHS = RHS
So, (A × B) ∩ (B × A) = (A ∩ B) × (A ∩ B) Hence Verified.

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 EXERCISE 2C
Q. 1.
Solution: (i) If A and B are two nonempty sets, then any subset of
the set (A × B) is said to a relation R from set A to set B.
If R be a relation from A to B then R ⊆ (A × B).
Therefore, (x, y) ∈ R ⇒ (x, y) ∈ (A × B)
(ii) Let R be a relation from A to B. Then, the set containing all the
first elements of the ordered pairs belonging to R is called Domain.
For the relation R, Dom(R) = {x: (x, y) ∈ R}
And the set containing all the second elements of the ordered pair
belonging to R is called Range.
For the relation R, Range(R) = {y: (x, y) ∈ R}
Q. 2.
Solution: (i) Given that : R = {(–1, 1), (1, 1), (–2, 4), (2, 4), (2, 4),
(3,9)}
Domain = {– 2, – 1, 1, 2, 3}
Range = {1, 4, 9}
(ii) Given that :
1
R = ��x. x� : x is an interger. 0 < x < 5�
1 1 1
R = �(1.1). �2. 2� . �3. 3� . �4. 4��

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4}
1 1 1
Range = {1, 2 , 3 , 4}

(iii) Given that : R = {(x, y): x + 2y = 8 and x, y ∈ N}

R = {(2, 3), (4, 2), (6, 1)}
Domain = {2, 4, 6}
Range = {1, 2, 3}
(iv) Given that : R = {(x, y): y = |x – 1|, x ∈ Z and |x| ≤ 3}
Domain = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
Range = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
Q. 3.
Solution: Given that : A = {1, 3, 5, 7} and B = {2, 4, 6, 8}
(i) To write R in roster form
R = {(x, y), : x ϵ A, y ∈ B and x > y}
So, R in Roster Form,
R = {(3, 2), (5, 2), (5, 4), (7, 2), (7, 4), (7, 6)}
(ii) Domain of R = {3, 5, 7}
Range of R = {2, 4, 6}
(iii) Depict R by an arrow diagram AS BELOW

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Q. 4.
Solution: Given that: A = {2, 4, 5, 7} and b = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
So R = {(x, y) x ∈ A, y ∈ B and x divides y}
(i) To write R in roster form
R = {(2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 8), (4, 4), (4, 8), (5, 5), (7, 7)}
(ii) Domain of R = {2, 4, 5, 7}
Range of R = {2, 4, 5, 7, 6, 7, 8}

Q. 5.
Solution: Given that : A = {2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {3, 6, 7, 10}
R = {(x, y), : x ∈ A, y ∈ B and x is relatively prime to y}
(i) Roster form of R = {(2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 7), (3, 10), (4, 3), (4, 7), (5,
3), (5, 6), (5, 7)}
(ii) Domain of R = {2, 3, 4, 5}

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Range of R = {3, 6, 7, 10}
Q. 6.
Solution: Given that: A = {1, 2, 3, 5} and B = {4, 6, 9}
R = {(x, y): x ∈ A, y ∈ B and (x – y) is odd}
Therefore, Roster form of R ,
R = {(1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 9), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5, 4), (5, 6)}
Q. 7.
Solution: Given that: A = {(x, y): x + 3y = 12, x ∈ N and y ∈ N}
(i) Roster form of R ,
R = {(3, 3), (6, 2), (9, 1)}
(ii) Domain of R = {3, 6, 9}
Range of R = {1, 2, 3}
Q. 8.
Solution: Given that: A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
R = {(x, y): y = x + 1}
(i) Roster form of R ,
R = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)}
(ii) Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Range of R = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(iii) the Co-domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,… ........... }
(iv) Depict R by an arrow diagram AS BELOW
.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Q. 9.
Solution: Given that: R = {(x, x + 5): x ∈ {9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}
(i) Foster form of R
R = {(9, 14), (1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8), (4, 9), (5, 10)}
(ii) Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9}
Range of R = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14}
Q. 10.
Solution: Given that : A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
R = {(a, b) : a, b ϵ A, and a divides b}
(i) Foster form of R ,
R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 6), (4,
4), (6, 6)}
(ii) Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
Range of R = {2, 3, 4, 6}

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Q. 11.
Solution: Given that: R = {(a, b): a, b ∈ Z and (a – b) is an integer
So, R = {(a, b): for all a, b ϵ (-∞, ∞)}
Domain of R = {-∞, ∞}
Range of R = {-∞, ∞}
Q. 12.
Solution: Given: R = {(x, y): x, y ϵ Z and x2 + y2 ≤ 4}
(i) Foster form of R,
R = {(-2, 0), (-1, -1), (-1, 0), (-1, 1), (0, -2), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0,
2), (1, -1), (1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 0)}
(ii) Domain of R = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}
Range of R = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}
Q. 13.
Solution: Given that: A = {2, 3} and B= {3, 5}
(i) To find: (A × B) and n(A × B)
(A × B) = {(2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3), (3, 5)}
Thus, n(A × B) = 4
(ii) As we know that : (A × B) = 2 × 2 = 4
So, the total number of relations can be defined from A to B
= 24 = 16

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Q. 14.
Solution: Given that: A = {3, 4} and B = {7, 9}
R = {(a, b): a ϵ A, b ϵ B and (a – b) is odd}
So, R = {(4, 7), (4, 9)}
A relation R in a set A is called Void relation or Empty relation,
if no element of set A is related to any element of A .therefore, the
given relation is not an Empty Relation.

EXERCISE 2D
Q. 1.
Solution: Given that any subset of (A × A) is called a binary
relation to A.
S, (A × A) is the Cartesian product of A with A.
Let A = {4, 5, 6) and R = {(4, 5), (6, 4), (5, 6)}
Here, R is a binary relation to A.
The domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R
Dom(R) = {4, 6, 5}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R
Range(R) = {5, 4, 6}
Q. 2.
Solution: Given that A = {2, 3, 5} and R = {(2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3), (3,
5)}
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Now, A×A = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 2), (5, 3),
(5, 5)}
Since, R is a subset of A × A, it’s a binary relation on A.
Therefore, the domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R
Dom(R) = {2, 3}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R
Range(R) = {3, 5}
Q. 3.
Solution: given that A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and R = {(a, b) : a,
b ϵ A and 2a + 3b = 12}.

Now , 2a + 3b = 12
12−2a
b= 3

a=0 ⇒ b=4
a=3 ⇒ b=2
a=6 ⇒ b=0
R = {(0, 4), (3, 2), (6, 0)}
Since, R is a subset of A × A, it a relation to A.
The domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R
Dom(R) = {0, 3, 6}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R
Range(R) = {4, 2, 0}
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Q. 4.
Solution: Given that R is a binary relation on a set A define R–1 on
A.

Let R = {(a, b) : a, b ϵ W and 3a + 2b = 15} and 3a + 2b = 15},

where W is the set of whole numbers.

Now 3a + 2b = 15
15−3a
b= 2

a=1 ⇒ b=6
a=3 ⇒ b=3
a=5 ⇒ b=0
R = {(1, 6), (3, 3), (5, 0)}
R−1 = {(6, 1), (3, 3), (0, 5)}
The domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R
Dom(R) = {1, 3, 5}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R
Range(R) = {6, 3, 0}
The domain of R−1 is the set of first co-ordinates of R−1
Dom(R−1) = {6, 3, 0}
The range of R−1 is the set of second co-ordinates of R−1
Range(R−1) = {1, 3, 5}
Thus,
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
dom (R) = range (R−1)
range (R) = dom (R−1)
Q. 5.
Solution: An equivalence relation is one which possesses the
properties of reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity.
(i) Reflexivity: A relation R on A is said to be reflexive if (a, a) є R
for all a є A.
(ii) Symmetry: A relation R on A is said to be symmetrical if (a,b)
є R è(b, a) єR for all (a, b) є A.
(iii) Transitivity: A relation R on A is said to be transitive if (a, b)
є R and (b, c) є R è (a, c) є R for all (a, b, c) є A.
Let S be a set of all triangles in a plane.
(i) Since every triangle is similar to itself, it is reflexive.
(ii) If one triangle is similar to another triangle, it implies that the
other triangle is also similar to the first triangle. Therefore, it is
symmetric.
(iii) If one triangle is similar to a triangle and another triangle is
also similar to that triangle, all the three triangles are similar.
therefore, it is transitive.
Q. 6.
Solution: Given that R = {(a, b) : a, b ϵ Z and (a – b) is even}.
(i) Reflexivity: Let a є Z-, a= 0 є Z which is also even.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Thus, (a, a) є R for all a є Z. Hence, it is reflexive
(ii) Symmetry: Let (a, b) є R
(a, b) є R ⇒ a - b is even
-(b - a) is even
(b - a) is even
(b, a) є R
Thus, it is symmetric
(iii) Transitivity: Let (a, b) є R and (b, c) є R
Then, (a – b) is even and (b – c) is even.
[(a - b) + (b - c)] is even
(a - c) is even.
Thus (a, c) є R.
Hence, it is transitive.
Since, the given relation possesses the properties of reflexivity,
symmetry and transitivity, it is an equivalence relation.
Q. 7.
Solution: Given that
Let A = {1, 2, 3} and R = {(a, b) : a, b ϵ A and |a2 – b2| ≤ 5.
Put a = 1 , b = 1 |12 – 12| ≤ 5, (1, 1) is an ordered pair.
Put a = 1 , b = 2 �12 − 22 � ≤ 5, (1, 2) is an ordered pair.
Put a = 1 , b = 3 �12 − 32 � > 5, (1, 3) is not an ordered pair.
Put a = 2 , b = 1 �22 − 12 � ≤ 5, (2, 1) is an ordered pair.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Put a = 2 , b = 2 �22 − 22 � ≤ 5, (2, 2) is an ordered pair.
Put a = 2 , b = 3 �22 − 32 � ≤ 5, (2, 3) is an ordered pair.
Put a = 3 , b = 1 �32 − 12 � > 5, (3, 1) is not an ordered pair.
Put a = 3 , b = 2 �32 − 22 � ≤ 5, (3, 2) is an ordered pair.
Put a = 3 , b = 3 �32 − 32 � ≤ 5, (3, 3) is an ordered pair.
R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
(i) For (a, a) є R
�a2 − a2 � = 0 ≤ 5. Thus, it is reflexive.
(ii) Let (a, b) є R
(a, b) є R è �a2 − b2 � ≤ 5

�b2 − a2 � ≤ 5
(b, a) є R
Hence, it is symmetric
(iii) Put a = 1 , b = 2 , c = 3.
�12 − 22 �≤ 5
�22 − 32 � ≤ 5
But �12 − 32 � > 5
Thus, it is not transitive.
Q. 8.
Solution: Given that R = {(a, b) : a, b ϵ Z and b = 2a – 4}.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Now b = 2a – 4
b+4
b= 2

Put b = -2 , a = 1
Put a = 4 , b = 4
a=1,b=4
Q. 9.
Solution: Given that Let R be a relation on Z, defined by (x,
y) ϵ R ↔ x2 + y2 = 9.
Now, x2 + y2 = 9
Put x = 0 , y = 3 , 02 + 32 = 9
Put x = 3 , y = 0 , 32 + 02 = 9
R = {(0, 3) , (3, 0) , (0 , -3) , (-3 , 0)}
The domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R
Dom(R) = {-3 , 0 , 3}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R
Range(R) = {-3 , 0 , 3}

Q. 10.
Solution: Given that A be the set of first five natural numbers and
let R be a relation on A, defined by (x, y) ϵ R ↔ x ≤ y.

Now ,A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Since, x ≤ y
R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 3) ,(2, 4), (2, 5), (3,
3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 5) }
The domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R
Dom(R) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R
Range(R) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Q. 11.
Solution: Given that R = (x, y) : x, y ϵ Z and x2 + y2 = 25}.
Now, x2 + y2 = 25
Put x = 0, y = 5, 02 + 52 = 25
Put x = 3, y = 4, 32 + 42 = 25
R = {(0, 5), (0, -5), (5, 0), (-5, 0), (3, 4), (-3, 4), (-3, -4), (3, -4)}
Since, x and y get interchanged in the ordered pairs, R and R–1 are
same.
Q. 12.
Solution: Given that (i) R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 5)}
R–1 = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3), (5, 4)}
(ii) R = {(x, y) : x, y ϵN, x + 2y = 8}.
8−x
y= 2

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Put x = 2, y = 3
Put x = 4, y = 2
Put x = 6, y = 1
R = {(2, 3), (4, 2), (6, 1)}
R–1 = {(3, 2), (2, 4), (1, 6)}
Q. 13.
Solution: Given that A = {a, b}
Now, Any relation on A is a subset of A×A.
A×A = {(a, a), (a, b), (b, a), (b, b)}
The subsets are.
{} empty set
{(a, a)}
{(a, b)}
{(a, a), (a, b)}
{(b, a)}
{(b, b)}
{(b, a), (b, b)}
{(a, a), (b, a)}
{(a, b), (b, a)}
{(a, a), (b, a), (b, b)}
{(a, a), (b, b)}
{(a, a), (a, b), (b, a)}
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
{(a, a), (a, b), (b, b)}
{(a, b), (b, a), (b, b)}
{(a, a), (a, b), (b, a), (b, b)}
Thus, there are 16 total relations.
Q. 14.
Solution: Given That R = {(a, b) : a, b, ϵ N and a < b}.
Now , N is the set of all the natural numbers.
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7…..}
R = {(a, b) : a, b, є N and a < b}
R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4) …. (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5) ……}
For reflexivity,
A relation R on N is said to be reflexive if (a, a) є R for all a є N.
But, here we see that a < b, so the two co-ordinates are never equal.
Thus, the relation is not reflexive.
For symmetry,
A relation R on N is said to be symmetrical if (a, b) є R ⇒ (b, a) є R
Here, (a, b) є R does not imply (b, a) є R . Thus, it is not symmetric.
For transitivity,
A relation R on A is said to be transitive if (a, b) є R and (b, c) є R
⇒ (a, c) є R for all (a, b, c) є N.
Let’s take three values a, b and c such that a < b < c. So, (a, b) є R
and (b, c) є R è (a, c) є R. Thus, it is transitive.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
 EXERCISE 2E
Q. 1.
Solution: Given that n(A) = 5, n(B) = 3 and n(A ∩ B) = 2.
(i) n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
= 5 + 3 – 2 =6
(ii) n(A × B) = n(A) × n(B)
= 5 × 3 = 15
(iii) n(A × B) ∩ (B × A) = n(A × B) + n(B × A) =15 + 15 = 30

Q.2
Solutions: (a – 2b, 13) = (7, 2a – 3b)
Comparing the co-ordinates,

a – 2b = 7 …(i)
2a – 3b = 13 …(ii)

after these equations , we get

b = -1, a = 5
Q. 3.
Solution: Given that A = {1, 2}
Now , A × A = {1, 2} × {1, 2} = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)}
A × A × A = {1, 2} × {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)}
Therefore
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A × A × A = {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 1), (2, 1,
2), (2, 2, 1), (2, 2, 2)}
Q. 4.
Solution:

Q. 5.
Solution: Given that A = {3, 4}, B = {4, 5} and C = {5, 6}
Now B × C = {(4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6)}
A × (B × C) = {(3, 4, 5), (3, 4, 6), (3, 5, 5), (3, 5, 6), (4, 4, 5), (4, 4,
6), (4, 5, 5), (4, 5, 6)}
Q. 6.
Solution: Given that : A ⊆ B
To prove that : A × C = B × C
Since, Given A = B
Multiplying by C both sides, we get,

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

A×C=B×C
Hence, Proved.

Q. 7.
Solution: Let A and B be any two sets such that
A × B = {(a, b): a є A, b є B}
Now,
B × A = {(b, a): a є A, b є B}
A×B=B×A
(a, b) = (b, a)
It is possible only when the ordered pairs are equal.
Therefore,
a = b and b = a
Hence, Proved.
Q. 8.
Solution: Given that A = {5}, B = {5, 6}
Now A × B = {(5, 5), (5, 6)}
All the possible subsets of A × B are,
{}
{(5, 5)}
{(5, 6)}
{(5, 6), (5, 6)}
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Q. 9.
Solution: i) Given that: {(x, x2) : x is a prime number less than
10}.
Roster form: R = {(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (5, 25), (7, 49)}
ii) The domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R
Dom(R) = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R
Range(R) = {1, 4, 9, 25, 49}
10.
Solution: The number of relations from set A to set B = 2n(A)×n(B)
n(A) = Number of elements in set A
n(B) = Number of elements in set B
so, n(A) = 3, n(B) = 1
Total number of relations =23×1 = 8
11.
Solutions : Given that A = {3, 4, 5, 6} and R = {(a, b) : a, b ϵ A and
a <b

(i) R = {(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6)}

(ii) The domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R

Dom(R) = {3, 4, 5}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R
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Range(R) = {4, 5, 6}
(iii) R–1 = {(4, 3), (5, 3), (6, 3), (5, 4), (6, 4), (6, 5)}
12.
Solution: Given that R = {(a, b) : a, b, ϵ N and a < b}.
N is the set of all the natural numbers.
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7…..}
R = {(a, b) : a, b, ϵ N and a < b}
R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4) …. (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5) ……}
For reflexivity,
A relation R on N is said to be reflexive if (a, a) є R for all a є N.
But, here we see that a < b, so the two co-ordinates are never equal.
Thus, the relation is not reflexive.
For symmetry,
A relation R on N is said to be symmetrical if (a, b) є R ⇒ (b, a) є R
Here, (a, b) є R does not imply (b, a) є R. Thus, it is not symmetric.
For transitivity,
A relation R on A is said to be transitive if (a, b) є R and (b, c) є R
⇒ (a, c) є R for all (a, b, c) є N.
Let’s take three values a, b and c such that a < b < c. So, (a, b) є R
and (b, c) є R ⇒ (a, c) є R. Thus, it is transitive.

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