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Exercise 01

MOL Introduction exercise FAU Erlangen

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Vibhu Gupta
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
47 views2 pages

Exercise 01

MOL Introduction exercise FAU Erlangen

Uploaded by

Vibhu Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Frauke Liers, Florian Rösel, Martin Betz, Lars Weidner Winter term 24/25

Mathematics of Learning – Worksheet 1

Some information:

• The exercise sheets will be uploaded every Monday morning. Solution sketches
will be uploaded one week later.
• You can voluntarily hand in your own solutions and we correct them. Please
gather in small groups of 2-3 students.
• For questions, please use the forum on StudOn since other students may have
similar questions. If you have a more personal question about the exercises please
email florian.roesel@fau.de.

Basics [Solving linear equation systems.]1


Solve the linear equation system Ax = b. A and b are given as
   
1 2 3 3
A = 1 4 9  , b = 2 .
1 8 27 7
Control yourself, if your solution is right. If you need some practice, generate some
random linear equation systems and solve them.

Basics [Norms.]
A mapping ∥ · ∥ from any (real) vector space V to the non-negative real numbers R is
called a norm, whenever the following three properties hold:
(1) ∥ v + w ∥ ≤ ∥ v ∥ + ∥ w ∥,
(2) ∥v∥ = 0 =⇒ v = 0V ,
(3) ∥λv∥ = |λ|∥v∥
for all λ ∈ R, v, w ∈ V.
Prove for the following statements if they are true or false.

1. Let V = Rn for some n ∈ N. The euclidean norm


s
n
∥ v ∥2 : = ∑ v2i
i =1

is a norm.
2. Let V = Rn for some n ∈ N. The mapping
n q
∥v∥ 1 := ( ∑ |vi |)2
2
i =1

is a norm.
1 Thereare lots of nice tutorial books for linear algebra and analysis available in our library. For a less
formal introduction, you can, e.g., also consult wikipedia ;)
3. Let V be the space of convergent sequences. The mapping

∥v∥lim := lim vn
n→∞

is a norm.

Bonus exercise: find a mapping to the real numbers, which has the three properties
and takes some negative values, or show that it is impossible.

Basics [Big-O (Landau) Notation.]


2
a) Express the relationships of the functions n1000 , 2n , en , en , n! and nn with the help of
Landau’s notation (i.e., prove, if f ∈ O( g), f ∈ Ω( g) or f ∈ Θ( g) for every pair of the
functions above). Prove your statements.

b) An equivalence relation is a homogeneous relation over some set M2 , which is

1. Reflexive: m1 ≃ m1 ,

2. Symmetric: m1 ≃ m2 implies m2 ≃ m1 ,

3. Transitive: If m1 ≃ m2 and m2 ≃ m3 then m1 ≃ m3

for all m1 , m2 , m3 ∈ M. For example, the relation ≃ on Rn , v ≃ w if and only if v1 = w1


is an equivalence relation.
Prove or disprove, that ≃ L which we define as

f ≃ L g if and only if f ∈ Θ( g)

is an equivalence relation on the set of mappings from N to R>0 .

2 i.e.≃ : M × M → {0, 1}; one would rather write m1 ≃ m2 instead of ≃ (m1 , m2 ) = 1 and m1 ̸≃ m2
instead of ≃ (m1 , m2 ) = 0.

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