2 marks questions

State the difference between positive numbers and natural numbers.

1
What do you understand by imaginary number?
2
What is the value of i3 ?
3
What is complex number?
4
What do you understand by field?
5
When a field can be called algebraically complete?
6
How you can change sign of a complex number?
7
What is conjugation?
8
What do you understand by complex conjugate?
9
Write a C^4 zero vectors.
10
What can be called as an inverse of a vector?
11
What is abelian group?
12
What is Hermitian matrix?
13
What is unitary matrix?
14
What is bit?
15
What is qubit?
16
What is qubyte?
17
What are the basic logic gates?
18
What are the universal logic gates?
19
What is quantum gate?
20
What is encryption?
21
What is decryption?
22
What is ciphertext?
23
What is eavesdropping?
24
What does the term superposition refer to?
25
How is a qubit in quantum computing different from a regular bit in

classical computing?
26
In quantum computing, what is the basic unit of information?
27
Which part of the drug discovery life cycle can quantum computing impact the most?
28
What does it mean when we say that we are currently in the noisy,

intermediate scale quantum computing stage?

29
What is the purpose of “post-quantum” cryptography?
30
Why might businesses be interested in using quantum computers?
31
 What is a current concern regarding the advancement of quantum

computing?
32
Which technology will quantum computing impact most significantly?
33
How could quantum computing benefit the Financial Service Industry?
34
Which problem is more classical effectively solved using quantum
35 computing rather than classical computer?
36 How you can define complex number as an ordered pair?
37 Let c = 1 + i. What is its polar representation?
38 What is complex vector space?
39 What can be depicted by C^4?
40 What can be called as an inverse of a vector?
41 When a set of vectors can be called linearly independent?
42 How a qubit pair can be written?
43 How a two bit qubit can be expressed?
44 What do you understand by probabilistic system?
A mathematician is trying to break down a large number into smaller prime numbers that,
45 when multiplied, would arrive at that larger number. what is this process called?
What is the term for breaking a larger number apart into smaller numbers that can be
46 multiplied together to get a specific result?
47 Which phenomena of quantum mechanics used in Quantum computing?
48 What can be states of a qubit?
In a Quantum circuit, If memory consists of n bits of information, then what will be the
49 possible no. of states?
50 When the information is between 0 and 1 in a quantum computer, what do we call this?
51 What does 'entanglement' mean?
52 Quantum encryption keys can be hacked and broken into. True or False?
53 Why are we not able to use quantum computers in our homes?
54 What is supercomputer?
55 How quantum computer differs from super computer?
56 Convert 23D916 to binary, decimal and octal.
57 Solve for the decimal equivalent of (101101.10101)2
58 Write De-Morgan’s law and verify it with the truth table.
59 Which possible Attacks in Quantum Cryptography can take place?
Which two principles of quantum mechanics on which quantum
60 cryptography are dependent?
What is the greatest threat to public cryptography or asymmetric
61 algorithms?
62 What is active attack?
63 What is passive attack?
64 What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric cryptography?
65 What is information gain?
66 What is the modulus of c = (1-i)?
67 Calculate the modulus of c = (4-3i)
68 Consider the complex numbers c = 3 + 4i. Find the length of the vector.

69 What is the meaning of AND |11>?

70 Why AND gate is not reversible?
71 Let (x+3) + i(y-2) = (5+2i), find x and y.
72 Calculate the value of
 Calculate the value of

73

74 What is the probability of getting a sum as 3 if a dice is thrown?

In a box, there are 8 orange, 7 white, and 6 blue balls. If a ball is picked up randomly, what is
75 the probability that it is neither orange nor blue?
If a number is selected at random from the first 50 natural numbers, what will be the
76 probability that the selected number is a multiple of 3 and 4?
77 What are the limitations of present quantum computers?
What is the role of error correction when working with quantum
78 computers?
What is the relationship between quantum computing and machine
79 learning?
80 Is a qubit still considered digital?

5 marks Question

1 Let, c1 = (3 - i) and c2 = (1+4i) and Compute c1 + c2 and c1 × c2.

2 Let, c1 = (-3 + i) and c2 = (2 - 4i) and Compute c1 + c2 and c1 × c2.
Verify that the complex number (-1+i) is a solution for the polynomial equation

3
Write a program (any language) that accepts two complex numbers and outputs their sum and
4 their product.
5 Let c1 =(3, -2) and c2 = (1,2). Multiply them.
6 Let c1 =(-3, -1) and c2 = (1,-2). Calculate the product.
7 Let, c1 = (-2+i) and c2 = (1+2i). Compute c1/c2.
8 Let, c1 = (3i) and c2 = (-1 - i). Compute c1/c2.
9 Show that conjugation respects addition, i.e., c1 + c2 = c2 + c1.
10 Show that conjugation respects multiplication, i.e., c1 × c2 = c1 × c2
11 Describe complex plane with proper diagram.
Verify that multiplication by (-1,0) changes the sign of the real and imaginary components of a
12 complex number.
13 Discuss parallelogram rule for addition of vectors.
14 Discuss parallelogram rule for subtraction of vectors.
Write a program (any language) that converts a complex number from its Cartesian
15 representation to its polar representation and vice versa.
Draw the complex numbers c1 = (2-i) and c2 = (2+i) in the complex plane, and subtract them
using the parallelogram rule. Verify that you would get the same result as subtracting them
16 algebraically.
Take any C^5 vector and take another C^5 vector and prove that second one is an inverse of a
17 first one.
Add the given vectors

18
 What can be possible eigen values for the given matrix?

19
Find eigen vector for the given matrix with a eigen
value of 7.

20
Find eigen vector for the given matrix with a eigen
value of 6.

21
When following set of vectors can be called as linearly independent?

22
When following set of vectors can be called as linearly independent?

23
Show that the following set of vectors are not linearly independent.

24
 Show that given matrix is Hermitian matrix.

25
26 Express inputs and output of NAND gate as matrix.
27 Show that NAND is a combination of NOT and AND.
28 Express inputs and output of NOR gate as matrix.
29 Explain controlled-NOT gate.
30 Discuss pauli matrices.
Explain square root of NOT gate.
31
32 Explain Deutsch gate.
Find the probability of the qubit belonging to state |0> and |1>.

33
Calculate (i) 244,443 Mod 247 (ii) 18,154 Mod 247 (iii) 226,006 Mod 247.
34
Show that (i) 1,977 1 Mod 247 (ii) 16,183 15,442 Mod 247 (iii) 2,439,593 238,082 Mod 247
35
If state of a classical deterministic system is expressed as X = [6, 2, 1, 5, 3, 10]^T, what we
36 understand from this?
If state of a classical deterministic system is expressed as X = [5, 5, 0, 2, 0, 15]^T, what we
37 understand from this?
38 In a probabilistic system a state is expressed by X = [1/ 5 , 3/10 , 1/2 ]^T, explain X.

39 Normalize the vector [2 3i, 1 + 2i]^ T.

Find the unitary adjacency matrix for the given graph.

40
 10 marks Question

1 Verify that the multiplication of complex numbers is associative.

2 Derive the general equation for subtraction and division of complex numbers.
Illustrate the following expression: AB + CD, Using only NAND gate.
3 Transform the following expression: (A + B) (C + D), Using only NOR gate.
Find eigen values for the given matrix.

4
Find eigen values for the given matrix.

5
Find eigen values for the given matrix.

6
Find eigen values and eigen vector for the given matrix.

7
Show that given matrix is unitary.

8
Express input and output of basic gates as matrix.
9
10 Discuss different quantum gates.
Consider the function from {0, 1}^2 to {0, 1} that always outputs a 1.
Give the corresponding 8-by-8 unitary matrix.
11
Explain Deutsch algorithm.
12 .
Explain Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm.
13 .
14 Explain Simon's Periodicity Algorithm.
15 Explain Shor's factoring algorithm.
 10 marks Question

1 Verify that the multiplication of complex numbers is associative.

Consider the following balanced function from {0, 1}^2 to {0, 1} and
represent it as a matrix.

16
17 Let N = 15 and a = 2, 4, 13. Apply Shor’s algorithm to find f(a,N).
18 Calculate the first few values of f(a,N) for N = 247 and (i) a = 2 (ii) a = 17(iii) a = 23.
Consider a circuit that is represented by OR *(NOT AND). Find its corresponding matrix
19 operations.
Consider the given graph for a dynamic system and describe it as
matrix.

20
Multiply M*N and show the result is doubly stochastic matrix.

21
 10 marks Question

1 Verify that the multiplication of complex numbers is associative.

Consider the given graph and a specific state : probability is 1/ 6 that the marble is on vertex
0, the probability is 1/ 6 that the marble is on vertex 1, and the probability is 2/3 that the
marble is on vertex 2. Calculate how a state changes.

22
23 Explain the quantum billiard ball with proper graph and matrix.
24 Prove that Shannon entropy is always positive or zero.
25 Justify von Neumann entropy.
26 Explain data compression techniques.
Explain Huffman coding and its application in data compression process.
27
28 Explain error-correcting codes.
A file contains the following characters with the frequencies as shown. If Huffman Coding is
used for data compression, determine-
a.Huffman Code for each character Average code length
b. Length of Huffman encoded message (in bits)
Characters Frequencies
a 10
e 15
i 12
o 3
u 4
s 13
t 1

29
Reframe error-correcting codes.
30