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Software Linearization of An RTD Sensor

This document discusses software algorithms for linearizing temperature measurements from an RTD (resistance temperature detector) sensor. It describes the Callendar-Van Dusen equation that relates resistance and temperature, which requires measuring the sensor's resistance at multiple temperature points to determine coefficients. The document also presents a simpler linear approximation that can convert resistance to temperature between 0-100 degrees C based on the sensor's resistance and temperature coefficient at 0 degrees C. Sample C++ functions are listed to implement the linearization algorithms.

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129 views6 pages

Software Linearization of An RTD Sensor

This document discusses software algorithms for linearizing temperature measurements from an RTD (resistance temperature detector) sensor. It describes the Callendar-Van Dusen equation that relates resistance and temperature, which requires measuring the sensor's resistance at multiple temperature points to determine coefficients. The document also presents a simpler linear approximation that can convert resistance to temperature between 0-100 degrees C based on the sensor's resistance and temperature coefficient at 0 degrees C. Sample C++ functions are listed to implement the linearization algorithms.

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grbavithra
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Software linearization of an RTD sensor

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Software linearization of an RTD sensor


By Contributing Author April 06, 1998
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Interfacing a resistance-temperature detector (RTD) to a computerized data-acquisition system requires a resistance-to-voltage (or current) converter (bridge, voltage divider, etc.). Also, it will be necessary to incorporate software routines to convert the ADC units of the data acquisition system back into resistance values. Once the readings from the RTD are converted back into resistance values, the following algorithms can be used to generate temperature readings. The relationship between the temperature and the electrical resistance is described by an equation developed by Callendar and later refined by Van Dusen:

where t is temperature (C), Rt is resistance at 0C (), is the linearity constant, and is a constant determined by the boiling point of oxygen. If the RTD operates at or above 0C, the third term drops out ( = 0). The actual value of can be determined by measuring sensor resistance at the triple point of water (0.01C), the boiling point of water (100C at sea level), and a third point (RT) that can be generated with calibration equipment. Using the measured resistance and temperature values, the equation is solved for d. If the RTD is to operate at temperatures less than 0C, the accuracy of the equation is improved by incorporating a third term. To calculate the value of the coefficient for the third term, its necessary to measure sensor resistance at the boiling point of oxygen (182.962C). Using the resistance values measured at the boiling point of oxygen as RT, the triple point of water, and the boiling point of water, two equations are written and solved for the values of and . To design an algorithm to solve the Callendar-Van Dusen equation, its necessary to generate an intermediate result (t) from the first term. The intermediate value then is used to calculate correction values from the and (if present) terms. The correction values are then algebraically added to the original intermediate value to generate a temperature magnitude.

A simpler, and less accurate, conversion equation can be used to convert the RTD resistance value to a temperature magnitude. This algorithm is based on an approximation of the resistance-totemperature relationship between 0C and 100C for platinum sensors:

where t is temperature (C), Rt is resistance at t (), R0 is resistance at 0C, and is the temperature coefficient of resistance (//C). Two standards exist for the temperature coefficient of resistancein the U.S. = 0.00392 and in Europe = 0.00385. The listing illustrates C++ functions that implement the linearization algorithms given in this article.

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