San Lorenzo ruiz de manila school

Normal
distribution
 OBJECTIVES
✓ Illustrates a normal random variable and its
characteristics.
✓ converts a normal random variable to standard normal
variable and vice versa.
✓ Identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to
different standard normal values.
✓ Computes probabilities and percentiles using the standard
normal distribution table.
LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING
NORMAL CURVE DISTRIBUTION
The normal distribution is a continuous probability
distribution that is symmetrical on both sides of the mean, so the
right side of the center is a mirror image of the left side.
It shows graphical representations of random variables obtained
through measurement like the height and weight of the students,
the percentile ranks of the A&E (Accreditation and Equivalency Test
result of the ALS students or any data with the values of interval
scale of real numbers. It is also used to describe the characteristics
of populations and making inferences.
 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
1. The normal distribution curve is bell – shaped.
2. The curve is symmetric about the mean.
3. The mean, median, and mode are equal and
are located at the center of the distribution.
4. The normal distribution curve is unimodal,
meaning it has only one mode.
5. it is asymptotic with the horizontal axis.
Asymptote means a graph is approaching to the
specific line but it will never touching it.
6. The areas under the normal curve sums up
to 1.
 HOW TO CONSTRUCT A
STANDARD NORMAL CURVE?
In constructing, a normal curve always remember its
properties. Check the following pointers if present.
1. It should be a bell-shaped and symmetric about its center.
2. Both side of the tails of a normal curve should not touch the
horizontal axis.
3. In the horizontal axis, use 0 at the center where the mean is
located and use 1, 2, and 3 to the right and -1, -2 and -3 to the
left. But still remember there is an integral parts between each
number However, it is not limited to the -3 and 3 , it is
extended indefinitely.
4. The distance of number in the horizontal line or the x-axis
should always proportion.
LESSON 2: UNDERSTANDING
Z – SCORE
This lesson deals with identifying regions under the normal curve
corresponding to different standard normal values.

It also includes steps/directions on how to use the table of areas under the
normal curve.

This lesson also unveils the steps on how to find the area that corresponds
to z –value.
 LESSON 2: UNDERSTANDING
Z – SCORE
Standard Normal Distribution is defined as normally distributed random variable
having a mean of zero ( µ= 0 ) and standard deviation of one (ơ = 1), the fifty (50) percent
of the region under the curve is below the mean and the other 50% is above the mean.

We can easily identify the area of the regions under normal curve by using the Table of
Areas under the Normal Curve which is also known as z-Table. This table gives an area to
any value of z from -3.99 to 3.99. The value from this table will describe the area of the
specific region of the curve to the left of the given z-value.
 HOW TO USE THE TABLE OF
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL
CURVE?
Example: Find the area to the left of -1.69
Solution:
First, split the given z-value into hundredths,
we can find the whole number and the tenths
digit (-1.6) at left side of the table while the
hundredths (0.09) located at the upper
most of the table.
Then the intersection of these numbers will
be the area of the normal curve to the left
of the z-value. Answer: The area to the left of z= -
1.69 is 0.04551.
 STEPS ON HOW TO FIND THE AREA
THAT CORRESPONDS TO Z –VALUE
1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value on the normal curve.
2. Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value whether it is below, above or between.
3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the corresponding area.
4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3
4.1. When the z-value is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below, less than) just write the value we
obtained in step 3
4.2. When the z-value is to the right or any related terms (e.g. above, greater than), subtract 1 by the
obtained value in step 3
4.3 When the shaded region is in between of the two z-value, subtract the biggest by smallest value
obtained in step 3
5. Label the shaded region.
 EXAMPLE 1: FIND THE AREA THAT
CORRESPONDS BELOW Z = -1.35

Step 1: Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the Step 2: Shade the region of the curve according to the
given z-value on the normal curve. condition of z-value whether it is below, above or
between.
 EXAMPLE 1: FIND THE AREA THAT
CORRESPONDS BELOW Z = -1.35

Step 3: Use the table of the area under the normal Step 4: Choose the appropriate operation based on
curve to find the corresponding area. step 2 and 3

4.1. When the z-value is to the left or any related

terms (e.g. below, less than) just write the value
we obtained in step 3

Since the shaded region of the curve is to the left of

the z= -1.35 and the intersection between -1.3 and
0.05 is 0.08851. Therefore, the area of the shaded
region is 0.08851.

The intersection between -1.3 and 0.05 is 0.08851

EXAMPLE 1: FIND THE AREA THAT
CORRESPONDS BELOW Z = -1.35

Step 5: Label the shaded region.

0.08851
If a random variable has the standard normal
distribution, what are the probabilities that it will
take on a value Between zero and 1.27?

0.89796

0.89796 – 0.50000 = 0.39796

Answer: The area of 0 and 1.27 is
0.39796
 EXAMPLE 2: FIND THE AREA TO THE
RIGHT OF Z = -1.35

Step 1: Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the Step 2: Shade the region of the curve according to the
given z-value on the normal curve. condition of z-value whether it is below, above or
between.
 EXAMPLE 2: FIND THE AREA TO THE
RIGHT OF Z = -1.35

Step 3: Use the table of the area under the normal Step 4: Choose the appropriate operation based on
curve to find the corresponding area. step 2 and 3

4.2. When the z-value is to the right or any related

terms (e.g. above, greater than), subtract 1 by the
obtained value in step 3.

Solution: 1 – 0.08851 = 0.91149

Thus, the area to the right of

-1.35 is 0.91149
The intersection between -1.3 and 0.05 is 0.08851
EXAMPLE 2: FIND THE AREA TO THE
RIGHT OF Z = -1.35

Step 5: Label the shaded region.

0.91149

Thus, the area to the right of -

1.35 is 0.91149
 EXAMPLE 3: FIND THE AREA
BETWEEN Z = -1.30 AND Z = 2
Step 1: Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the Step 2: Shade the region of the curve according to the
given z-value on the normal curve. condition of z-value whether it is below, above or
between.
 EXAMPLE 3: FIND THE AREA BETWEEN
Z = -1.30 AND Z = 2

Step 3: Use the table of the area under the normal Step 4: Choose the appropriate operation based on
curve to find the corresponding area. step 2 and 3

4.2. When the shaded region is in between of the

two z-value, subtract the biggest by smallest
The value that corresponds to value obtained in step 3

z= -1.3 is 0.09680; and

z=2 is 0.97725.
EXAMPLE 3: FIND THE AREA BETWEEN
Z = -1.30 AND Z = 2

Step 5: Label the shaded region.

Thus, the area between z= -1.3

and z=2 is 0.88045
FIND THE AREA:

𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎

𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔

𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 − 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 − 𝟏. 𝟓
UNDERSTANDING THE Z-SCORES

In solving real-life problems involving the normal curve, it is very important to convert
a random variable x to a standard normal variable or z-score. This procedure is
known as “standardizing” or “standardization” of a random variable, where a
standardized value is called a z-score.
A z-score is a measure of the number of standard deviations (𝜎) a particular data
value is away from the mean (𝜇).
𝑋−𝜇 where:
𝑧= (z-score for population data)
𝜎 X = given measurement
𝜇 = population mean
𝑋 − 𝑥ҧ
𝑧= (z-score for sample data) 𝑥ҧ = sample mean
𝜎 𝜎 = standard deviation
 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
Z-SCORES?
• Raw scores may be composed of large values, but these values cannot
be accommodated at the baseline of the normal curve. So, they must
be transformed into z-scores for convenience without sacrificing the
meaning associated with the raw scores.

• For any population, the mean and the standard deviation are fixed.
Thus, the z formula matches the z-values one-to-one with the X values
(raw values). That is, for every X value, there corresponds a z-value
and for each z-value, there is exactly one X value.
READING SCORES
Given the mean 𝜇 = 50 and 𝜎 = 4 of a population of
reading scores. Find the z-value that corresponds to a
score X = 58.
Given: 𝑋−𝜇 8
𝑧= 𝑧=
X = 58 𝜎 4
𝜇 = 50 58 − 50 𝒛=𝟐
𝜎=4 𝑧=
4
READING SCORES
Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the raw score 58
is 2 in the population distribution of Reading scores.

z-score
raw score 38 42 46 50 54 58 62
INTERPRETATION:

From the diagram, we can see that a score

X = 58 corresponds to z = 2 and above the
mean. Hence, we can say that, with respect
to the mean, the score of 58 is above
average.
EXAMPLE #2
Locate the z – value that corresponds to a PE score of
39 given that 𝜇 = 45 and 𝜎 = 6
Given: −6
𝑥−𝜇
x = 39 𝑧= 𝑧=
𝜎 6
𝜇 = 45 39 − 45
𝑧= 𝑧 = −1
𝜎=6 6
EXAMPLE #3
In a quarterly examination for General Mathematics, a student scored
73. If the mean is 50 and the standard deviation is 9. Calculate the
student’s z – score.
Given: 𝑋 − 𝑥ҧ 23
𝑧= 𝑧=
X = 73 𝜎 9
73 − 50
𝑥ҧ = 50 𝑧= 𝑧 = 2.56
9
𝜎=9
EXAMPLE #4
Given the mean, 𝜇 = 50 and the standard deviation, 𝜎 = 4 of a population
of Reading scores. Find the z-value that corresponds to a score x = 58
Given:
𝑋−𝜇 8
X = 58 𝑧= 𝑧=
𝜎 4
𝜇 = 50 58 − 50
𝑧= 𝑧=2
𝜎=4 4
 EXAMPLE #5
The heights of teachers in Sta. Catalina National High School are
normally distributed with a 𝜇 = 150cm and standard deviation of 15 cm.
The height of Sir Victor has a z-score of 3.25. What is the actual height of
Sir Victor? 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 48.75 + 150 = 𝑥
Given: 𝜎
z = 3.25 3.25 =
𝑋 − 150
198.75 = 𝑥
15
𝜇 = 150
(3.25) (15) = 𝑥 − 150
𝜎 = 15
48.75 = 𝑥 − 150
TIME TO SHINE!
State whether the z-score locates that raw score X within
a sample or within a population.
1. X = 50, 𝑠 = 50, and 𝑥ҧ = 40
2. X = 40, 𝜎 = 8, and 𝜇 = 52
3. X = 36, 𝑠 = 6, and 𝑥ҧ = 40
4. X = 74, 𝑠 = 10, and 𝑥ҧ = 40
5. X = 82, 𝜎 = 15, and 𝜇 = 75
TIME TO SHINE!
State whether each raw score lies below or above
the mean.
1. X = 50, 𝑠 = 50, and 𝑥ҧ = 40
2. X = 40, 𝜎 = 8, and 𝜇 = 52
3. X = 36, 𝑠 = 6, and 𝑥ҧ = 40
4. X = 74, 𝑠 = 10, and 𝑥ҧ = 40
5. X = 82, 𝜎 = 15, and 𝜇 = 75
TIME TO SHINE!
ഥ = 62 and 𝝈 = 𝟖, find the z-score up to two decimal
Given 𝒙
places that correspond to each of the following raw scores.
1. X = 70
2. X = 78
3. X = 82
4. X = 50
5. X = 42