Key Verbs and Structures for GCSE Regular verbs (IR)

(Full verb formation)

(Regular verb infinitives) (Infinitive) Vivir – to live
Me levanto – I get (myself) up
Foundation verbs Higher verbs Vivo – I live Te levantas – you get up
Vives – you live Se levanta – he/she/it gets up
Ar Pasear – to walk Vive – he/she/it lives Nos levantamos – we get up
Practicar – to practise Vivimos – we live Se levantan – they get up
Aconsejar – to advise Preguntar – to ask Viven – they live
Apagar – to turn off Preparar – to prepare
Arreglar – to tidy Regresar – to return (Irregular in 1st person only (Present tense)) (Radical Change verbs (Present tense only))
Bailar – to dance Sacar – to take out
Bajar – to go down Terminar – to finish Conducir – to drive Conduzco – I drive Foundation verbs Higher verbs
Cambiar – to change Tocar – to play (instrument) Conocer – to know Conozco – I know
Caminar – to walk Tomar – to take / have (food) Decir – to say / tell Digo – I say / tell E – ie Dormirse (ue) – to fall asleep
Cenar – to dine Trabajar – to work Estar – to be (state / position) Estoy – I am Doler (ue) – to hurt
Comprar – to buy Tratar de – to try to Hacer – to do / make Hago – I do / make Cerrar (ie) – to close Encontrar (ue) – to find
Contestar – to answer Utilizar – to use Oír – to hear Oigo – I hear Despertarse (ie) – to wake up Llover (ue) – to rain
Dejar – to leave Viajar – to travel Poner – to put / set Pongo – I put / set Divertirse (ie) – to enjoy o.s Poder (ue) – to be able to
Salir – to go out Salgo – I go out Empezar (ie) – to begin Probar (ue) – to try
Enseñar – to teach / show Visitar – to visit
Saber – to know (fact) Sé – I know Encender (ie) – to light Soñar (ue) con – to dream of
Entrar – to enter
Tener – to have Tengo – I have Herirse (ie) – to get injured Soler (ue) – to usually ….
Enviar – to send Er Traer – to bring Traigo – I bring
Escuchar – to listen to Pensar (ie) – to think Volar (ue) – to fly
Venir – to come Vengo – I come Perder (ie) – to lose Volver (ue) – to return
Esperar – to hope / wait Aprender – to learn
Estudiar – to study Beber – to drink Preferir (ie) – to prefer
(Irregular completely (Need to learn completely))
Evitar – to avoid Coger – catch Querer (ie) – to want E–i
Explicar – to explain Comer – eat Sentirse (ie) – to feel
Ir – to go Ser – to be
Fumar – to smoke Correr – to run Elegir (i) – to choose
Ganar – to win / earn Creer – to believe voy – I go Soy – I am O – ue Medir (i) – to measure
Gastar – to spend £ Deber – to have to vas – you go Eres – you are Pedir (i) – to ask for
Lavar – to wash Vender – to sell Va – he/she/it goes Es – he/she/it is Acordarse (ue) de – to
Reír (i) – to laugh
Llamar – to call Ver – to watch / see Vamos – we go Somos – we are remember
Limpiar – to clean Van – they go Son – they are Acostarse (ue) – to go to bed Repetir (i) – to repeat
Llegar – to arrive Ir Almorzar (ue) – to have lunch Seguir (i) – to continue
Llenar – to fill (Reflexive Verb Infinitives) Costar (ue) – to cost Servir (i) – to serve
Llevar – to wear / carry Abrir – to open Dormir (ue) – to sleep Vestirse (i) – to get dressed
Nadar – to swim Cubrir – to cover * Be aware of verbs which are both reflexive and radically changing
Radical change verbs (E-ie) (o-ue)
Necesitar – to need Decidir – to decide
Obligar – to force Escribir – to write
Foundation verbs Higher verbs Empiezo – I begin Vuelvo – I return
Pasar – to spend time / pass Recibir – to receive Empiezas – you begin Vuelves – you return
Pagar – to pay Subir – to go up Empieza – he/she it begins Vuelve – he/she/it returns
Ar Preocuparse de – to worry
about Empezamos – we begin Volvemos – we return
1. Present tense Quedarse / alojarse – to stay Empiezan – they begin Vuelven – they return
Acordarse (ue) de – to Quejarse de – to complain
Regular verbs (AR) Regular Verbs (ER) remember about (e – i)
Acostarse (ue) – to go to bed Relajarse – to relax
(infinitive) Hablar – to speak (Infinitive) Comer – to eat Arreglarse – to sort out Sirvo – I serve
Bañarse – to have a bath Ir Sirves – You serve
Despertarse (ie) – to wake up Sirve – He/she/it serves
Hablo – I speak Como – I eat
Servimos – We serve
Hablas – you speak Comes – you eat Inquietarse de – to worry about Divertirse (ie) – to enjoy o.s
Sirven – They serve
Habla – he/she/it speaks Come – he/she/it eats Lavarse – to have a wash Dormirse (ue) – to fall asleep
Hablamos – we speak Comemos – we eat Levantarse – to get up Herirse (ie) – to get injured
Hablan – they speak Comen – they eat Olvidarse de – to forget Vestirse (i) – to get dressed * Notice no change from infinitive in these persons
2. Two past tenses Iba – I used to go (etc)
(use same endings as SER)
4. Future and conditional tenses
Preterite (Finished action/ once)

3. The perfect and pluperfect tense Future (All endings same for AR,ER,IR)
Regular verbs (AR) Regular Verbs (ER) + (IR)
Conditional (All endings same for AR,ER,IR)
(infinitive) Hablar – to speak (Infinitive) Comer – to eat * Both tenses are made up of an auxiliary / helper and a past
Regular verbs (Future) Regular Verbs (Conditional)
participle
Hablé – I spoke Comí – I ate (infinitive) Hablar – to speak (Infinitive) Comer – to eat
Hablaste – you spoke Comiste – you ate
Habló – he/she/it spoke Comío – he/she/it ate (Perfect tense)
Hablaré – I will speak Comería – I would eat
Hablamos – we spoke Comimos – we ate Hablarás – you will speak Comerías – You would eat
Auxiliary / Helper Past participle (AR) (ER + IR)
Hablaron – they spoke Comieron – they ate Hablará – he/she/it will speak Comería – He/she/it would eat
Infinitive – (Hablar) Infinitive – (Comer) Hablaremos – we will speak Comeríamos – We would eat
(Irregular preterites)
He – I have Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten Hablarán – they will speak Comerían – They would eat
Ir – to go Hacer – to do Has – You have Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten
Ha – He/she/it has Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten (Irregular stems (Work for both Future and Conditional))
Fui – I went Hice – I did Hemos – we have Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten
Fuiste – You went Hiciste – you did Habéis – you have Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten Saldré – I will go out Saldría – I would go out
Fue – he went Hizo – he/she/it dd Han – they have Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten Sabrás – you will know Sabrías – You would know
Fuimos – we went Hicimos – we did Habrá – there will be Habría – there would be
Fuistéis – you went Hicisteis – you did (pl) Ejemplos: Tendremos – we will have Tendríamos – there would be
Fueron – they went Hicieron – they did Podremos – we will be able to Pondríamos – We would be able to
He hablado – I have spoken He comido – I have eaten Pondréis – you will put (pl) Pondríais – you would put (pl)
Follow hacer endings for following Vendrán – they will come Vendrían – they would come
(Irregular past participles)
Puse – I put Estuve – I was
Pude – I could Anduve – I walked Hecho – done/ made Puesto – put (Compound verbs (Contain part of a familiar verb))
Tuve – I had Dije – I said Dicho – said Escrito – written
Quise – I wanted Supe – I knew Visto – seen Roto – broken Contener (ie) – to contain Contiene – it contains
Obtener (ie) – to obtain Obtengo – I obtain
(Imperfect tense (ongoing action/ description / was doing)) Ejemplo: He hecho – I have done Mantener (ie) – to maintain Mantienen – they
maintain
Regular verbs (AR) Regular Verbs (ER) + (IR) Tener lugar (ie) – to take place Tiene lugar – it takes
(PluPerfect tense) place
(infinitive) Hablar – to speak (Infinitive) Comer – to eat Tener en cuenta (ie) – to take into account
Helper Past participle (AR) (ER + IR) Reconocer – to recognise Reconozco – I recognise
Sonreir (i) – to smile Sonrío – I smile
Hablaba – I used to speak Comía – I used to eat
Infinitive – (Hablar) Infinitive – (Comer) Descubrir – To discover Descubro – I discover
Hablabas – you used to speak Comías – you used to eat
Aprobar (ue) – to pass (exam) Apruebo – I pass
Hablaba – he/she/it used to Comía – he/she/it used to eat Había – I had Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten
speak Habías – You had Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten
Hablábamos – we used to Comíamos – we used to eat Había – He/She/It had Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten (Families of words (Verbs / nouns / adjectives)
speak Habíamos – we had Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten
Hablabáis – you used to Comíais – you used to eat Habiáis – you had Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE
speak (pl) (pl) Habían – they had Hablado – spoken Comido – eaten
Hablaban – they used to speak Comían – they used to eat Volar (ue) – to fly Vuelo - Flight
Ejemplos: Llenar – to fill Lleno – full
(* 2 Irregulars only)
Vender – to sell Venta - sale
Había hablado – I had spoken Había comido – I had eaten
Viajar – to travel Viaje – journey
1) Ser – to be (Important**)
Había hecho – I had done Elegir – to choose Elección – choice
Era – I was / used to be Eramos – we were/ used to be Aconsejar – to Consejo - advice
Eras – you were / used to be (Irregular past participles are same as above) advise
Era – he was /used to be Eran – they were / used to be

2) Ir – to go