Internet of Things (IoT)

Dr. Md. Sazzadur Rahman

Professor
IIT-JU 1
 Plan of Presentation
What is Internet of Things?
How IoT Works?
Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
Knowledge Management – From Data to Wisdom
The Future of IoT
The Potential of IoT
Few Applications of IoT
Technological Challenges of IoT
Criticisms & Controversies of IoT
References
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 What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these
objects to collect and exchange data.
IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely
across existing network infrastructure, creating
opportunities for more direct integration between the
physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting
in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.

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 "Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of
devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip
transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal
waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis
devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring or
field operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search and
rescue operations.
These devices collect useful data with the help of various
existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data
between other devices.

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 History of IoT
The concept of the Internet of Things first became
popular in 1999, through the Auto-ID Center at MIT and
related market-analysis publications.
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) was seen as a
prerequisite for the IoT at that point. If all objects and
people in daily life were equipped with identifiers,
computers could manage and inventory them. Besides
using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through
such technologies as near field communication, barcodes,
QR codes, bluetooth, and digital watermarking.
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 How IoT Works?
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel
technology; instead, several complementary technical
developments provide capabilities that taken together help
to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world.
These capabilities include:
Communication and cooperation
Addressability
Identification
Sensing
Actuation
Embedded information processing
Localization
User interfaces
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 How IoT Works?

RFI Senso Smart Nano

D r Tech Tech

To identify To collect To enhance To make the

and track and process the power of smaller and
the data of the data to the network smaller
things detect the by devolving things have
changes in processing the ability to
the physical capabilities to connect and
status of different part interact.
things of the
network.

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 The Structure of IoT
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network consisting of
networks of devices and computers connected through a
series of intermediate technologies where numerous
technologies like RFIDs, wireless connections may act as
enablers of this connectivity.

Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability

by RFIDs.
Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data
from the environment.
Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has
provoked the ability of smaller things to interact and connect
within the “things” or “smart devices.”
Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through
sensors has formed the network connection to the Internet. It
can make the “things” realizing the intelligent control. 8
Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT

“Change is the only thing permanent in this world”

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Global Spending on IoT

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 IoT as a Network of Networks:

These networks connected with added security, analytics, and

management capabilities. This will allow IoT to become even
more powerful in what it can help people achieve.
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 Knowledge Management –
Turning Data into Wisdom

The more data that is created, the better understanding and

wisdom people can obtain. 12
 The Future of IoT

"The Sky's not the limit. It's only the beginning with IoT."
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 The Potential of IoT

GE’s estimates on potential of just ONE percent savings

applied using IoT across global industry sectors. 14
Unlock the Massive potential of IoT

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Technology roadmap of IoT

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 Applications of IoT

"The Ultimate Goal of IOT is to Automate Human Life."

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 Few Applications of IoT
✔ Building and Home automation
✔ Manufacturing
✔ Medical and Healthcare systems
✔ Media
✔ Environmental monitoring
✔ Infrastructure management
✔ Energy management
✔ Transportation
✔ Better quality of life for elderly
✔ ... ... ...
You name it, and you will have it in IoT!
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 Sensors in even the holy cow!

In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected and

monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle. This
allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their
movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of
milk and meat for people to consume. On average, each
cow generates about 200 MB of information per year. 22
 Of course, we know nothing remains static, especially
when it comes to the Internet. Initiatives and advances,
such as Cisco‘s Planetary Skin, GE’s Industrial Internet,
HP‘s central nervous system for the earth (CeNSE), and
smart dust, have the potential to add millions—even
billions—of sensors to the Internet.
As cows, water pipes, people, and even shoes, trees, and
animals become connected to IoT, the world has the
potential to become a better place.
“With a trillion sensors embedded in the
environment—all connected by computing systems,
software, and services—it will be possible to hear the
heartbeat of the Earth, impacting human interaction with
the globe as profoundly as the Internet has revolutionized
communication.” - Peter Hartwell, Senior Researcher, HP
Labs.

“How much more IoT can do is only left to your

imagination”
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 Internet of Things is the next stage of the
information revolution and referenced the
inter-connectivity of everything from urban transport
to medical devices to household appliances.
Integration with the Internet implies that devices will
use an IP address as a unique identifier. However, due
to the limited address space of IPv4 (which allows for
4.3 billion unique addresses), objects in the IoT will
have to use IPv6 to accommodate the extremely large
address space required.
Objects in the IoT will not only be devices with
sensory capabilities, but also provide actuation
capabilities (e.g., bulbs or locks controlled over the
Internet).
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 On the other hand, IoT systems could also be
responsible for performing actions, not just sensing
things. Intelligent shopping systems, for example,
could monitor specific users' purchasing habits in a
store by tracking their specific mobile phones. These
users could then be provided with special offers on
their favourite products, or even location of items that
they need, which their fridge has automatically
conveyed to the phone.

Additional examples of sensing and actuating are

reflected in applications that deal with heat, electricity
and energy management, as well as cruise-assisting
transportation systems. Other applications that the
Internet of Things can provide is enabling extended
home security features and home automation.
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IoT helps you in LIFE LOGGING 29
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 TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF IoT
At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as:
▪ Scalability
▪ Technological Standardization
▪ Inter operability
▪ Discovery
▪ Software complexity
▪ Data volumes and interpretation
▪ Power Supply
▪ Interaction and short range communication
▪ Wireless communication
▪ Fault tolerance
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 Criticisms and Controversies of IoT
Scholars and social observers and pessimists have
doubts about the promises of the ubiquitous
computing revolution, in the areas as:

▪ Privacy
▪ Security
▪ Autonomy and Control
▪ Social control
▪ Political manipulation
▪ Design
▪ Environmental impact
▪ Influences human moral decision making
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 References
1. www.google.com
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things

3. Cisco whitepaper, "The Internet of Things" - How the Next

Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything, by Dave Evans,
April 2011.
4. GE cloud expo 2014, "Industrial Internet as a Service", by Shyam
Varan Nath, Principal Architect.
5. Dr. Mazlan Abbas, MIMOS Berhad, Wisma IEM, Petaling Jaya

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THANK YOU

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