UNIT I

I ANALOG MODULATION

S. Question Bloom s
No. Taxan omy
Level

1 Define Amplitude modulation.NOV/DEC 2011

BTL1

2 What is modulation index and percentage modulation in AM? BTL 1

NOV/DEC 2011

3 In a Amplitude modulation system, the carrier frequency is Fc= BTL 1

100KHz. The maximum frequency of the signal is 5 KHz.
Determine the lower and upper side bands and the band width of
AM signal. APRIL?MAY 2010, NOV/DEC 2010

4 The maximum frequency deviation in an FM is 10 KHz and signal BTL 1

frequency is 10 KHz. Find out the bandwidth using Carson's rule
and the modulation index APRIL?MAY 2010

5 Draw the frequency spectrum and mention the bandwidth of AM

signal. . APRIL?MAY 2011 MAY/JUNE 2013,APRIL/MAY 2015

BTL 2
6 In an AM transmitter, the carrier power is 10 kW and the BTL 1
modulation index is 0.5. Calculate the total RF power delivered.
APRIL?MAY 2011

7 BTL 2
.State Carson’s rule.

8 Draw the waveforms of AM signal NOV/DEC 2009. BTL 1

9 What is the required bandwidth for FM signal, in terms of BTL 1
frequency deviation? NOV/DEC 2009

10 A broadcast radio transmitter radiates 5 KW power when the BTL 1

modulation percentage is 60% How much is the carrier power?

11 What is modulation? BTL 1

12 Define image frequency rejection ratio. BTL 1

13 Define Deviation ratio

BTL 1
14 Write down the comparison of frequency and amplitude BTL 1
modulation

15 If a modulated wave with an average voltage of 20Vp changes in BTL 1

amplitude ±5V, determine the maximum and minimum envelope
amplitudes and the modulation coefficients.

16 An FM transmitter has a rest frequency fc =96MHz and a deviation BTL 1

sensitivity K1 = 4 KHz/V. Determine the frequency deviation for a
modulating signal Vm(t) = 8sin(2π 2000t). Determine the modulation
index.

17 For an FM receiver with an input frequency deviation ∆f=4 kHz BTL 1

and a transfer ratio K= 0.01 V/k Hz, determine Vout.

18 Define bandwidth efficiency NOV/DEC 2012. BTL 1

19 BTL 2
Distinguish between FM and PM NOV/DEC 2012., . NOV/DEC
2016

20 BTL 2
What is the bandwidth of the FM signal if the frequency sensitivity
of the modulator is
21 Define Phase modulation. BTL 1

22 What are the advantages of angle modulation and also list its BTL 1
disadvantages.
 23 Give the expression for bandwidth of angle-modulated wave in BTL 1
terms of Bessel’s table.
24 Define deviation sensitivity for FM and PM and give its units. BTL 1

25 Define instantaneous frequency deviation. BTL 1

26 Define instantaneous frequency deviation. BTL 1

27 Define frequency deviation. BTL 1

28 State Carson rule. BTL 5

29 Define Heterodyning.

BTL 5
30 Define direct frequency modulation. BTL 5

PART-B

1 Explain the principles of amplitude modulation its generation and

detection.. (8) NOV/DEC 2011, APRIL?MAY2011, NOV/DEC BTL 2
2010,NOV/DEC 2009
2 Write a note on frequency spectrum analysis of angle BTL 5
modulated waves. (8) NOV/DEC 2011

3 Explain the band width requirements of angle modulated waves. (8) BTL 5
NOV/DEC 2011, APRIL?MAY 2011

4 Compare FM and PM. (8) NOV/DEC 2011, APRIL?MAY 2010, BTL 2

APRIL?MAY 2011 APRIL/MAY 2015

5 Derive the relationship between the voltage amplitudes of the side BTL 2
band frequencies and the carrier and draw the frequency spectrum.
(8 Marks) APRIL?MAY 2010

6 . Discuss about the sets of side bands produced when a carrier is BTL 2
frequency modulated by a single frequency sinusoid. (8 Marks)
APRIL?MAY 2010

7 .In an AM modulator, 500 KHz carrier of amplitude 20 V is modulated BTL 1

by 10 KHz modulating signal which causes a change in the output wave
of +_ 7.5 V. Determine:
(1) Upper and lower side band frequencies
(2) Modulation Index
(3) Peak amplitude of upper and lower side frequency
(4) Maximum and minimum amplitudes of envelope. (8 Marks)
APRIL?MAY 2010

8 Obtain a relationship between carrier and side band powers in an AM BTL2

DSBFC wave and explain how power distribution takes place in AM
DSB FC system.NOV/DEC 2010 NOV/DEC 2012

9 BTL 5
10.Define FM and PM modulation. Write down their equations.
Describe produce PM from FM modulator NOV/DEC 2009.

10 Explain the difference between phase modulation and frequency BTL 5

modulation.

11 Explain the difference between phase modulation and frequency BTL 5

modulation.
APRIL/MAY 2015.
12 the help of neat block diagram explain about the generation of SSBSC BTL 5
wave and demodulation. NOV/DEC 2015, Nov/Dec 2016.

13 ceiver connected to an antenna resistance is 50 ohms has an equivalent BTL 5

noise resistance of 30 ohms. Calculate the receivers noise figure and
its equivalent noise temperature. Nov/Dec 2016.
Notes
14 A 20 khz carrier is simultaneously modulated with 300 khz 800khz and BTL 5
2 Khz audio sine waves. Find the frequencies present in the output.
Nov/Dec 2016
300=1300khz USF
00=700khz LSF
800=1800khz USF
00=200khz LSF
2=1002khz USF
=998khz LSF
5 MHZ carrier is modulated by a 400 Khz audio sine wave. If the
carrier voltage is 4V and the maximum frequency deviation is 10
khz and phase deviation is 25 radiance. Write the equations for

modulated wave for FM and PM. If the modulating frequency os now

changed to 2khz all else remaining constant. Write a new equation
for FM and PM.
ec 2016.
notes

15 5 MHZ carrier is modulated by a 400 Khz audio sine wave. If the BTL 5
carrier voltage is 4V and the maximum frequency deviation is 10
khz and phase deviation is 25 radiance. Write the equations for
modulated wave for FM and PM. If the modulating frequency os now
changed to 2khz all else remaining constant. Write a new equation
for FM and PM.

16 carrier is amplitude modulated to a depth of 100 %. Calculate the BTL 5

total power in case of AM and DSBSC techniques.How much power
saving is achieved in DSBSC?. If the depth of modulation is changed
to 75% then how much power in Watts is required for transmitting
DSBSC wave? Compare the power required for DSBSC in both cases
and comment on the reason for change in power levels. Nov/Dec 2016
 UNIT II
RANDOM PROCESS AND SAMPLING

S. Question Blooms
No. Taxanomy
Level
1 What is the need for sampling? NOV/DEC 2011 BTL 1

2 Define Nyquist sampling theorem. APRIL/MAY 2010, APRIL?MAY BTL 1

2011
3 For the signal m(t)= 3 cos 500^t + 4 sin 1000^t, Determine the BTL 5
Nyquist sampling rate. APRIL/MAY 2010
4 Define companding NOV/DEC 2010 BTL 1
5 What are the advantages of digital transmission? BTL 1
NOV/DEC 2010

6 Draw PWM and PPM waveforms. NOV/DEC 2009 BTL 1

7 Compare slope overload and granular noise. BTL 1
8 What do you mean by slope overload distortion in delta BTL 5
modulation

9 Define and state the causes of fold over distortion BTL 1

10 Define overload distortion. BTL 1
11 What is the need for sampling? NOV/DEC 2011 BTL 5
12 Define Nyquest sampling theorem. APRIL/MAY 2010, APRIL?MAY BTL 1
2011
13 For the signal m(t)= 3 cos 500^t + 4 sin 1000^t, Determine the BTL 1
Nyquist sampling rate. APRIL/MAY 2010

14 Define companding and state the need for companding in a PCM BTL 1
system. NOV/DEC 2010, APRIL/MAY 2015

15 . What are the advantages of digital transmission? NOV/DEC 2010 BTL 1

16 Draw PWM and PPM waveforms. NOV/DEC 2009 BTL 5

17 Mention how PPM is derived from PWM. APRIL/MAY 2015. BTL 1

18 What are the disadvantages of digital transmission? BTL 1

19 Define pulse code modulation. BTL 1

20 What is the purpose of the sample and hold circuit? BTL 1

21 What is the Nyquist sampling rate? BTL4

22 What is the principle of pulse modulation? BTL5
.
23 List the four predominant methods of pulse modulation. BTL5

24 What is codec? BTL1

25 Define quantization. BTL1

26 Define dynamic range. BTL5

27 What is PAM? BTL1

28 List the four predominant methods of pulse modulation. BTL3

29 What is PWM? BTL1
.
30 What is PPM? BTL1

PART-B

1 Describe the basic principles of PCM system.and PCM transmitter. BTL5

NOV/DEC 2011, NOV/DEC 2010

2 What is companding ? Explain in detail. (8) NOV/DEC 2011, BTL5

APRIL/MAY 2010,NOV/DEC2009

Describe in detail the adaptive delta modulation system. (8) BTL5

3 NOV/DEC 2011

4 . What is signal to quantization noise? Explain. (8) NOV/DEC BTL5

2011, APRIL?MAY 2011

5 Discuss about the causes of ISI. (8 Marks) BTL5

APRIL?MAY 2010, . APRIL?MAY 2011

6 Explain in detail the Delta modulation transmitter and Receiver. (10 BTL2
Marks) APRIL?MAY 2010,NOV/DEC2009

7 Discuss the draw backs of delta modulation and explain the BTL2
significance of adaptive delta modulator. (6 Marks) APRIL?MAY
2011

8 What are the types of sampling? Explain the operation of BTL2

the sample and hold circuit. NOV/DEC 2010
9 Compare DM and PCM APRIL?MAY 2011. NOV/DEC BTL5

10 Compare analog and digital modulation. BTL2

APRIL?MAY 2011
 UNIT-3 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES

S. Question Blooms
No. Taxanomy
Level
1 What is Shannon limit for information capacity? NOV/DEC 2011 BTL1
NOV/DEC 2012

2 What is binary phase shift keying? NOV/DEC 2011 NOV/DEC 2012 BTL1

3 What are the advantages of QPSK? APRIL?MAY 2010, BTL1

APRIL?MAY 2011 NOV/DEC 2012

4 Draw ASK and PSK waveforms for a data stream 1010101. BTL2
APRIL?MAY 2011, APRIL?MAY 2010 NOV/DEC2015
5 Define information capacity. NOV/DEC 2010,,NOV/DEC2009 BTL1

6 What is the relation between bit rate and baud for a FSK system? BTL2
NOV/DEC 2010

7 Draw the phasor diagram of QPSK NOV/DEC 2009 BTL1

Compare binary PSK with QPSK. BTL1
8
9 Mention any four advantage of digital modulation over analog BTL1
modulation.

10 What are the advantages of M-ary signaling scheme? BTL1

11 . Draw the block diagram of BPSK transmitter NOV/DEC 2012 BTL1

14 Sketch the QPSK signal for the binary sequence 11001100. BTL1
APRIL/MAY 2015
12 Compare QPSK and16 PSK signal in terms of bandwidth. BTL1
APRIL/MAY 2015

13 What is digital modulation? BTL1

14 What is information capacity? BTL1

15 Give the expression for Shannon limit for information capacity. BTL1

16 Give the Nyquist formulation for channel capacity. BTL2

17 What are Antipodal signals? BTL5

18 Define minimum shift keying. . NOV/DEC 2016 BTL1

19 Give the difference between standard FSK and MSK. BTL1

20 What are the advantages of M-ary signaling scheme? BTL1
21 Differentiate coherent and noncoherent methods. BTL1
22 Define Baud rate. BTL2
23 Compare binary PSK with QPSK. BTL1

24 Define peak frequency deviation for FSK. BTL1

25 Define bit rate. BTL1
26 Define QAM. BTL1
27 What do you mean by ASK? BTL1
28 Why is FSK and PSK signals are preferred over ASK BTL1
signals.NOV/DEC2015.
29 For a 8 PSK system operating with an information bit rate of 24 BTL1
Kbps. Determine bandwidth efficiency? . NOV/DEC 2016

30 . Sketch the digitally modulated waveforms for the binary data BTL1
110101 using ASK ,FSK

31 Define inter symbol interference (ISI). NOV/DEC 2011 BTL1

i.
32 Draw the Eye pattern and indicate how ISI is measured from it. BTL1
NOV/DEC 2009

33 What is an eye pattern? BTL1

PART-B
1 s the principle of operation of FSK transmitter. (8) NOV/DEC 2011 BTL5
APRIL/MAY 2013, NOV/DEC 2015, Nov/Dec 2016

2 Write a note on QPSK.modulator&demodulator. Draw its phasor BTL5

and constellation
diagram .Explain bandwidth consideration of
QPSK.NOV/DEC 2011, APRIL?MAY 2011, NOV/DEC
2010,NOV/DEC 2009, APRIL/MAY2015,NOV/DEC2015

3 s the principle of operation of FSK receiver. (8) NOV/DEC 2011, BTL5

NOV/DEC 2015 Nov/Dec 2016

4 Write a note on DPSK. (8) NOV/DEC 2011 APRIL/MAY 2013 BTL5

5 What is known as Binary phase shift keying? Discuss in detail the BTL5
BPSK transmitter and Receiver and also obtain the minimum
double sided Nyquist bandwidth. (16 Marks)
APRIL?MAY 2010, APRIL?MAY 2011
6 Illustrate the concept of 8 QAM transmitter with the truth table. (8 BTL5
Marks) APRIL?MAY 2010, APRIL?MAY 2011, APRIL/MAY2015

7 What is the need for carrier Recovery? Explain the Costas loop BTL2
and squaring loop method of carrier recovery. (8 Marks)
APRIL/MAY 2010, APRIL?MAY 2011, NOV/DEC 2010

8 . Find the peak frequency deviation (ii) minimum bandwidth BTL5

(iii) baud for FSK signal with a mark frequency of 49 kHz, space
frequency of 51 kHz,and input bit rate of 2 kbps. NOV/DEC 2009.

9 What are the various digital modulation schemes. NOV/DEC BTL6

2015.
Nov/Dec 2016

10 Digital message input data rate is 8 Kbps and average energy per BTL6
bit is 0.01 unit. Find the bandwidth required for transmission of
the message through BPSK,QPSK,BFSK,MSK,16 PSK.
Nov/Dec 2016
notes.
 UNIT IV
DIGITAL MODULATION SCHEME

S. No. Question Bloo ms

Taxanomy
Level
1 BTL1
What is hamming distance?
2 BTL1
Define code efficiency.

3 BTL1
What is meant by systematic and non-systematic codes?

4 BTL1
What is meant by linear code?

5 BTL1
What are the error detection and correction capabilities of
hamming codes?

6 BTL2
What is meant by cyclic codes? When a binary code is said to be
cyclic codes.?Nov/Dec 2016

7 BTL1
How syndrome is calculated in Hamming codes and cyclic codes?
8 BTL1
What is difference between block codes and convolutional codes?
9 Define constraint length in convolutional code? BTL1

10 Define free distance and coding gain. BTL1

11 What is convolution code? BTL1

12 BTL1
What is meant by syndrome of linear block code?
13 What are the advantages & Disadvantages of convolutional codes? BTL1

14 BTL1
Define sates of encoder?

15 BTL1
. Define constraint length in convolutional codes?

16 An event has six possible outcomes with probabilities BTL1

½,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,1/32.Find the entrophy of the system APRIL/MAY
2015
17 What is mutual information? APRIL/MAY 2015 BTL1

18 Define code redundancy. BTL1

.

19 Define rate of information transmission across the channel. BTL1

20 Define bandwidth efficiency. BTL1

21 What is the capacity of the channel having infinite bandwidth? BTL1

22 23.Define a discrete memoryless channel. BTL1

23 Find entropy of a source emitting symb ls x, y, z with probabilities of BTL1

1/5, 1/2, 1/3 respectively.

24 An alph bet set contains 3 letters A,B, C transmitted with BTL1

probabilities of 1/3, ¼, 1/4. Find entro py
25 Write the properties of information BTL1

26 Define channel capacity of discrete memoryless channel NOV/DEC2015 BTL1

27 Find the entropy of the sourse alphapet { s0,s1,s2} with respective BTL1
probabilities {1/4,1/4,1/2}. . NOV/DEC 2016.

28 Calculate the amount of information if pk = ¼ BTL5

29 Define code variance BTL1
30 Properties of entropy: BTL1
PART-B
1 Explain Huffman coding with example BTL2
2 Explain Shanon Fano coding. BTL5
3 Explain Linear block codes with example BTL5
4 Explain cyclic codes with example BTL5

5 Explain convolutional coding. BTL2

6 Explain how viterbi decoding procedure is used for decoding BTL5

convolutional codes. APRIL/MAY2015
7 Derive the expression for channel capacity of a continuous channel. Comment BTL5
on the trade off between SNR and capacity. APRIL/MAY2015.

8 Five sourse messages are probable to appear as m1=0.4, 0.15, BTL5

0.15,0.15,0.15 .Find coding efficiency using Shannons Fano coding
and Huffman coding and also Compare the efficiency. Nov/Dec 2016
Refer notes.
9 Explain the concept of code generation and decoding of correlation BTL5
codes. Nov/Dec 2016
.
10 The generator polynomial of (15,11) Hamming code is given by BTL2
1+X+X2. Determine encoder and syndrome calculator for this code
using systametic codes. Nov/Dec 2016.
Refer Notes
11 A data bit sequence consists of the following strings of bits 10 11 10 BTL5
10 .Analyze and draw the nature of waveform transmitted by BPSK
transmitter. Nov/Dec 2016
Notes.
 UNIT V

DEMODULATION TECHNIQUES

S.No. Question Blooms Taxanomy

Level

1 List the spread spectrum techniques. NOV/DEC 2011 BTL1

2 What is CDMA? NOV/DEC 2011 BTL2

3 What are the applications of spread spectrum modulation? BTL1

APRIL/MAY 2010, APRIL?MAY 2011

4 Define processing gain in spread spectrum modulation. BTL1

APRIL/MAY 2010, APRIL?MAY 2011

5 . Define effective jamming power and processing. NOV/DEC BTL1

2009

6 What is the principle of frequency hopping spread spectrum? BTL1

NOV/DEC 2009

7 Compare slow and fast frequency hopping. BTL1

8 What are the two different techniques used in speech coding BTL1
for wireless communication?

9 What are the two function of fast frequency hopping? BTL1

10 What are the features of code Division multiple Accesses? BTL1

11 Write some features of TDMA? BTL1

12 BTL5
Write some features of CDMA?

13 What is near far effect in a CDMA system? APRIL/MAY 2015 BTL1

14 What are Walsh codes. BTL5

15 Write note on the three most commonly used multiple BTL4
access techniques.
Nov/Dec 2016
16 Write some advantages of TDMA BTL5
17 Write some advantages of of CDMA BTL4

18 What is frequency hopping spread spectrum? BTL1

19 What is the important applications of Spread spectrum? BTL5

 20 What are spread spectrum techniques BTL4

PART-B
1 Explain the basic principle of TDMA. (8) NOV/DEC 2011 BTL5

2 What is a Pseudo noise sequence?How it is generated? What are BTL5

the properties of Pseudo noise sequence? (8 Marks)
APRIL/MAY 2010, APRIL?MAY2011,NOV/DEC2010

3 Describe the application of CDMA in wireless communication BTL5

systemList the advantages of TDMA over CDMA..
APRIL/MAY2010,NOV/DEC2010, APRIL?MAY 2011

4 Explain the near- far problem in spread spectrum modulation? BTL2

(6 Marks) APRIL/MAY 20107.

5 Write note on coding of speech for wireless communication. APR BTL5

2011 (6)