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Automation of 3 Water Pumping Inductio

The document outlines a project for automating the control of a water pumping induction motor at Rachna College of Engineering and Technology. It describes the system's background, objectives, components used, and the functioning of the circuit, which includes a microcontroller and a float sensor to manage water levels in a tank. The program code for the microcontroller is also provided, demonstrating how the motor is automatically turned on and off based on water levels.

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10 views6 pages

Automation of 3 Water Pumping Inductio

The document outlines a project for automating the control of a water pumping induction motor at Rachna College of Engineering and Technology. It describes the system's background, objectives, components used, and the functioning of the circuit, which includes a microcontroller and a float sensor to manage water levels in a tank. The program code for the microcontroller is also provided, demonstrating how the motor is automatically turned on and off based on water levels.

Uploaded by

ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power Electronics (EE-410)

Automatic Control of R.C.E.T Water


Pumping Induction Motor
Background:
Water supply requirement of campus, hostels and residential area of Rachna College of
Engineering and Technology’s Gujranwala is met by a large concrete walled water tank at an altitude
of about 90 ft. situated in the residential colony. Water from the local authority’s main pipes is
pumped by an induction motor and is stored in this water tank. The motor operates manually and
needs a person that will switch on the motor time to time to fill the water tank. Absence of operator
from water pumping motor station leads to the emptiness of the water tank when the water demand is
greater than usual, eventually no water supply to the users.

Objective:
Subjecting to the situation when the water tank is unfilled and water supply to the users is cut
off, we proposed an automatic system for the water pumping motor. Our main objective is the
automatic switching of the water pumping motor for complete filling of water tank.

Components used:
 Microcontroller (Atmel AT89C51) 1 Pcs.
 Float Sensor 1 Pcs.
 ULN 2803 1 Pcs.
 Crystal Oscillator (12 MHz) 1 Pcs.
 Resistor (100 kΩ) 1 Pcs.
 Capacitor (10µF/25V) 1 Pcs.
 Jumper Wires As per requirement

Induction Motor Nameplate:


Company Name: _______________
Model: _______________
Power Rating: _______________
Voltage Rating: _______________
Configuration: _______________

Atmel AT89C51 Microcontroller Pin Description:

VCC: +5V supply voltage.


GND: Ground.
Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional
I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL

Page | 1
Power Electronics (EE-410)

inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be


used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be
configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data
bus during accesses to external program and data
memory. In this mode P0 has internal pull ups. Port 0
also receives the code bytes during Flash programming,
and outputs the code bytes during program verification.
External pull ups are required during program
verification.
Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port
with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port
1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and
can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives the
low-order address bytes during Flash programming and
verification.
Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are
pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2
emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during
accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this
application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data
memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI); Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special
Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals
during Flash programming and verification.
Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are
pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also
serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as listed below:

Page | 2
Power Electronics (EE-410)

Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.
RST: Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is
running resets the device.
ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the
address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG)
during Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the
oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note,
however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If
desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set,
ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly
pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external
execution mode.
PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When
the AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice
each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to
external data memory.
EA/VPP: External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the
device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to
FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on
reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives
the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that
require 12-volt VPP.
XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock
operating circuit.
XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

ULN 2803 Diode-Transistor Relay Driver:


A ULN2803 is an Integrated Circuit (IC) chip with a High
Voltage/High Current Darlington Transistor Array. The chip takes low
level signals (which operate at low voltages and low currents) and acts
as a relay of sorts itself, switching on or off a higher level signal on
the opposite side.

A TTL signal operates from 0-5V, with everything between


0.0 and 0.8V considered "low" or off, and 2.2 to 5.0V being
considered "high" or on. The maximum power available on a TTL
signal depends on the type, but generally does not exceed 25mW
(~5mA-5V). On the output side the ULN2803 is generally rated at
50V/500mA, so it can operate small loads directly.

The ULN2803 comes in an 18-pin IC configuration and


includes eight (8) transistors. Pins 1-8 receive the low level signal; pin

Page | 3
Power Electronics (EE-410)

9 is grounded (for the low level signal reference). Pin 10 is the common on the high side and would
generally be connected to the positive of the voltage. Pins 11-18 are the outputs (Pin 1 drives Pin 18,
Pin 2 drives 17, etc.).

Maximum Rating at 25° C:


Output Voltage (VO): 50 V
Input Voltage (VI): 30 V
Collector Current (IC): 500 mA
Base Current (IB): 25 mA
Operating Ambient Temperature Range (TA): 0 to +70 °C
Storage Temperature Range (Tstg): –55 to +150 °C
Junction Temperature (TJ): 125 °C
Representative Schematic Diagram:

Input Characteristics:

Page | 4
Power Electronics (EE-410)

Output Characteristics:

Circuit Diagram:

Functioning of the circuit implemented:


The motor control center is operated by two push buttons. One of the push button is used to
switch on the motor to pump water and is labeled as “ON” switch while the other is used to switch
off the motor to stop pumping of water from main pipes, labeled as “OFF” switch. It is required to

Page | 5
Power Electronics (EE-410)

switch on the motor when water in the tank reaches a certain level and then to turn it off when the
tank is full of water.
A float sensor is used to sense the water level in the tank. It is calibrated in such a way that
when the water in the tank remains one third of the total water level in the tank, it sends a signal to
the microcontroller. The microcontroller opt ULN2803 relay driver to operate the relay connected to
“ON” switch to turn on the motor.
When water in the tank reaches its maximum level, the float sensor again sends a signal to
microcontroller to operate the relay connected to “OFF” switch to turn off motor. In this way, the
motor is automatically controlled to fill the water tank.

Program Coding:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit t1=P1^0;
sbit t2=P1^1;
sbit t3=P1^2;
void delay()
{
TH1=0xEC;
TL1=78;
TR1=1;
while(TF1==0);
TR1=0;
TF1=0;
}
void main( )
{
int i;
t1=1;t2=0;t3=0;
TMOD=0x10;
lab: if(t1==0)
{
t2=1;for(i=0;i<60;i++)delay();t2=0;
while(1)
if(t1==1) {t3=1; for (i=0; i<60; i++) delay(); t3=0; goto lab;}
}
goto lab;
}

Page | 6

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