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modals presentation

This document provides an overview of modal verbs, their structures, and uses in English grammar. It covers various aspects such as polite requests, obligation, lack of necessity, giving advice, and expressing certainty in present and past contexts. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to reinforce understanding of modal verbs.

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h.rodriguez
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5 views17 pages

modals presentation

This document provides an overview of modal verbs, their structures, and uses in English grammar. It covers various aspects such as polite requests, obligation, lack of necessity, giving advice, and expressing certainty in present and past contexts. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to reinforce understanding of modal verbs.

Uploaded by

h.rodriguez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modal

Verbs
WHAT’S A MODAL VERB?

•
They complete the meaning:
•
I drink *
I work
•
I oughtn’t to drink *
I should work
STRUCTURE

•
Modal verb + infinitive
•
I must work
•
we mustn’t speak in class
•
Must students wear a uniform?

•
Marginal modal verb+ to+inf
•
I have to work
•
She needs to work harder
•
Does he need to come earlier?
CAN-COULD-BE ABLE

•
Be able
Is /are/ am able to Was/were able to

BEEN ABLE TO
CAN
COULD
POLITE REQUEST (‘YOU’)

•
WOULD YOU pass me the salt please?
•
COULD YOU answer the phone, please?
•
CAN YOU wait here, please?
•
Yes, of course!
WOULD YOU MIND…?

•
Would you mind if I smoked?
•
No, go ahead.
•
Yes, sorry
•
Do you mind if I open the window?
•
Shall I open the window?
•
Sure.
•
No, please.
•
Would you mind closing the window?
Obligation

•
Have to
•
You have to work harder if you want to pass the
exams
•
Must
•
A good teacher must be strict and intimidating
Lack of necessity/prohibition

•
I know all this grammar!!! I don’t need to pay attention
•
I needn’t worry about my grades.
•
I’m incredibly talented and I don’t
have to study.
•
There is no need for me to do
any homework.
Giving advice

•
You should stop smoking
•
You ought to stop smoking
•
You’d (had) better stop smoking
AND PAST ACTIONS?

•
MODAL + PRESENT PERFECT

You should have quitted smoking when I told you


to
CERTAINTY

•
How sure are you?
•
She is 55
•
She must be 35 / She can’t be 18!
•
She may be 60
•
She might be 25
•
She could be younger
CERTAINTY IN THE PAST

•
Why didn’t Mary come to school?
•
Because…
•
She was sick
•
She must have been sick
•
She may have been sick
•
She might have been sick
Degrees of certainty: Future Time

100 % sure Kay will do well


The speaker is sure
•
•
on the test
•
90 % sure Kay should
•
The speaker is almost
/ ought to do well on the test
sure
•
Less than 50 % sure Kay may /
•
The speaker is
might Could do well on the guessing
test
MODALS+CONTINUOUS

•
He may be sleeping

•
He might have been
partying
Would

•
When I was a child,
my mother would
(used to) read me a story
at night before bedtime

•
Would you
like
something
to drink?
Would rather…

•
Would you like to •
I’d rather stay at
come to the cinema home. I’m so tired!
with me?
Exercises

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