Name: Hour: Date:

Estimating a Population Mean Day 1

/t Conditions
1¥

Important ideas:
KID critical values

yg eidgoq.cm#denceY?3popY9aIiaYdYs7riebu9
* ① Random random sample
: or random
1- →
use for estimating means
assignment
degrees of freedom Cdf ) - n -

I ② 10% : NC YON
'
table B-
.int approximately Normal
round df down 230 , Central limit theorem
always
(ifitisnotonlable B ) on

sample data shows outliers

no
strong skew or
•

Check Your Understanding

1. Use Table B to find the critical value t* that you would use for a confidence interval for a
population mean μ in each of the following settings. If possible, check your answer with
technology.

(a) A 98% confidence interval based on a random sample of 26 observations

*

df= 26-1=25 f- =
2.485
(b) A 99% confidence interval from an SRS of 85 observations

df -
85-1=84 usedf -
80 7*0=2.639
2. A national poll of a random sample of 1,640 adults was carried out by Morning Consult. Each
person reported how much they (or their significant other) spent on an engagement ring. The
histogram displays the results. Determine if the conditions for constructing a confidence
interval for a mean have been met in this context.

random sample of
"
Random :
-
"
1,640 adults

101: 1,640C 4o( all adults)

Normal (Large sample

-
:

n= 1,640230
Central limit theorem
 Name: Hour: Date:

The Four Step Process

Important ideas:
IT# I construct a Interpret : ⑤ Formulas, work, answer
Pt Est t of error
margin
parameter & confidence
⑦
State
.

level I ± t*Sx af
-

-
n
-
i

one sample t interval frm nwernare t

Conditions
.

-
:

Npfpmgaliapprox.20n330.at confident
"

Random lol : .
. . .

①
③ sample shows no strong
slaw or outliers .

Check Your Understanding

City council members want to estimate how many pounds of trash households in their community
produce per week. To determine an estimate for the standard deviation of the weight of trash produced
a small random sample of households was selected and their trash was weighed on garbage day. This
produced an estimated standard deviation of 36 pounds.

a. How many households need to be surveyed to estimate µ at the 95% confidence level with a margin
*
I use z When
of error of at most 3 pounds?
you
3=t*S# 3=1.96%3 A-
→
553.19 don't know what
t* to use .

b. After solving part (a), the city council realizes that it would be too much work to weigh the garbage
of that many households. They give up on their hopes of estimating the true mean weight of trash
produced within 3 pounds and select a random sample of 15 households and weigh the trash for
each of these households on garbage day. Here are the results:
5=68.85
114.8 74.3 80.1 41.5 99.1 31.0 93.1 118.9 26.5 33.1 88.3 46.1 119.7 46.4 19.8 5×-35.78

Calculate and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the mean weight of trash for all households in
this community.
the mean weight
of trash for all households
Station →

community .

in this
951 Confidence level
.

to the
'

Random sample of 15 generalize

'

pop
plant
"
so we can
Random : → .

lol : 15L ( All households in

community) →so we can use formula for

o.gs?IodpNamalimnaa.nEa strmsgsheawsaormpohgtk:*
.

shows no
: .

approx normal
.
.

are 951 confident that the

conclude wefrom
⑧ Pt Est ± MOE
.

interval 49.03 to 88.66 pounds contains

I ± # trash for all households
the true mean for
68.85 I 2.145-(3%14) 749.03 ,
88.66
) in the community .
 Name: Hour: Date:

Confidence Intervals for a Difference in Means

t

.in/: :i:nt: s: : :i: : :i: : :i:. . .

Important ideas: 4 step process
-

t Conditions
Message
check for
: parameter + confidence level

÷÷÷÷
'

::*
e

confident
" "
.
. . CONCLUDE : we are -
% . . . .

Check Your Understanding

The most recent American Time Use Survey, conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, found
that many Americans barely spend any time reading for fun. People ages 15 to 19 average only 7.8
minutes of leisurely reading per day with a standard deviation of 5.4 minutes. However, people ages
75 and over read for an average of 43.8 minutes per day with a standard deviation of 35.5 minutes.
These results were based on random samples of 975 people ages 15 to 19 and 1050 people ages
75 and over.

Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean amount of time
(minutes) that people age 15 to 19 and people ages 75 and over read per day.

STATED M, -

Mz =
true difference in mean amount of time in minutes, ,

people spend reading ( Age 15to 19 -

Age 75+3
95% confidence level

fRA two sample t interval for Mi Mz

-

samples
random
→ so we can generalize to
Random : independent both populations
so sampling
-

10't :
975 Eto (aagleld PEOPLE) 1050 E fo ( all people →

- , aged 75-1 ) without replacement

is OK
LargeSINormI : 975230 .
1050730 -
so the sampling distribution
of Xi E is approximately
D⑤
-

POINT ESTIMATE I MAR GEN OF ERROR Normal

( I E),
-
I
t.IT#Ynz.c%dC-3oo.ioo -33.82) df-4101.19
df 974
-
,

(used
f
-
-
) (78-43.8) I
too 1.984
o
→
( -

38.2 -33
,
. 8)
95% confident that the interval from -38.2 to -33.8
CONCLUDED we are
minutes captures the true difference in mean amount of time that
people age IS to 19 a people 75 t read per day .
 Name: Hour: Date:

Confidence Interval for Paired Data

/
Important ideas: LT Confidence interval for paired data
Distribution of differences
Name : sample 1- interval for Mdiff

negatiuedif.ee?Fge?oYitivedT#
one

specific formula :
.fit÷n
.

Id It
;
,
statistics : Xtdiffssdiff
Check Your Understanding
Teenagers spend, on average, approximately 5 hours online every day. Do parents realize how many
hours their children are spending online? A family psychologist conducted a study to find out. A random
sample of 10 teenagers were selected. Each teenager was given a Chromebook and free internet for 6
months. During this time their internet usage was measured (in hours per day). At the end of the 6
months, the parents of each teenager were asked how many hours per day they think their child spent
online during this time frame. Here are the results.

Teenager 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Actual time spent online
5.9 6.2 4.7 8.2 6.4 3.8 2.9 7.1 5.2 5.8
(hours/day)
Parent perception
2.5 3 3 3.5 1.5 2 2 3 2.5 3
(hours/day)
Difference (A – P) 3.4 3.2 1.7 4.7 4.9 1.8 0.9 4.1 2.7 2.8

a. Make a dotplot of the difference (A – P) in time spent online (hours/day) for each teenager. What
does the dotplot reveal?

D
-¥•¥¥% Difference
-

b. Find the mean and standard deviation of the difference (A – P) in time spent online. Interpret the
mean difference in context.
Idiff 3.02 The amount of actual time
-
-
online was 3.02 hours
spent
c.
Saiff -
1.32 longer than what thought average
parents ,
on
Construct and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the true mean difference (A – P) in time
.

spent online.

sqAgE@Maiff-truemeandifferenceinDO.D
time spent online CA )
POINTE
-
P
MATEI MARGIN ERROR

Id;*±f* Stiff
Confidence level 90%
.

Taif 3.02 :
rn
10-1=9
PLAN@0nesampletinterva1forMaiff3.O211.833¥20
df -

Random random sample of

: 10
teenagers (2-25,379)
lot 1014,0611 teenagers)
.
: CoNau# We are 901 confident that .

Normal Karge counts :

the interval from 225703.79 hours

thedotptot of differences captures the true mean difference# p)

has nostrongskewor outliers in time spent online .