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Unit 2

This document provides an overview of key topics related to sampling distributions, including definitions, the Central Limit Theorem, and various sampling techniques. It explains the importance of sample size in estimation and confidence intervals, as well as the methods for determining sample size. Additionally, it outlines expected exam questions related to sampling distributions and confidence intervals.

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KRISHNAVENI R
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9 views4 pages

Unit 2

This document provides an overview of key topics related to sampling distributions, including definitions, the Central Limit Theorem, and various sampling techniques. It explains the importance of sample size in estimation and confidence intervals, as well as the methods for determining sample size. Additionally, it outlines expected exam questions related to sampling distributions and confidence intervals.

Uploaded by

KRISHNAVENI R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT II Overview – Key Topics

🔹 1. Introduction to Sampling Distributions


Definition:
A sampling distribution is the probability distribution of a statistic (like mean,
proportion) based on a random sample.
📝 2-mark points:
 A statistic is a numerical value calculated from sample data.
 Sampling distribution shows how a sample mean varies across multiple
samples from the same population.

🔹 2. Sampling Distribution of Mean and Proportion


 Mean: When sample size is large, the sampling distribution of the sample
mean becomes normal (by Central Limit Theorem).
 Proportion: Used when you're dealing with "success/failure" type data.

📝 2-mark points:
 As n → ∞, the distribution becomes normal regardless of original
distribution (CLT).
 Used for inference about population based on sample.

🔹 3. Central Limit Theorem (CLT)


Statement:
As sample size increases (n ≥ 30), the sampling distribution of sample mean
approaches a normal distribution, regardless of the shape of the population
distribution.
📝 2-mark points:
 The foundation for many statistical procedures.
 Helps in using normal distribution for inference even if population is not
normal.
Expected Sums:
 Probability that sample mean falls within a range.

🔹 4. Sampling Techniques (Brief Overview)


1. Simple Random Sampling
2. Systematic Sampling
3. Stratified Sampling
4. Cluster Sampling
5. Convenience Sampling
📝 2-mark points:
 Simple random sampling ensures each unit has equal chance.
 Stratified sampling divides population into strata and samples are taken
from each.

🔹 5. Estimation (Point and Interval)


🔸 Point Estimate
A single value estimate of a population parameter (e.g., sample mean).
🔸 Interval Estimate
Provides a range within which the parameter lies with a certain confidence level
(e.g., 95%).

✅ Confidence Interval Formulas


📝
2-mark points:
 Z is used when population SD is known or large sample.
 t is used when SD is unknown and sample is small.

🔹 6. Determining Sample Size

📝
2-mark points:
 E = Margin of Error
 Larger n gives more accurate estimate

Expected Sums in Exams (MBA - Anna University)


🎯 Type 1: Sampling Distribution
 Given population mean and SD, find probability that sample mean lies
between values (use Z formula).
🎯 Type 2: Confidence Interval
 Given sample mean, SD, n → Find 95% confidence interval for population
mean (use Z or t).
🎯 Type 3: Proportion CI
 Given proportion and sample size → Estimate population proportion with
confidence interval.
🎯 Type 4: Sample Size Estimation
 Determine minimum sample size to achieve desired margin of error at
given confidence level.

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