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Exp 1 Viscosity Measurment

The document outlines an experiment aimed at determining the viscosity of liquids and its variation with temperature using a Redwood viscometer. It explains the principles of viscosity, including dynamic and kinematic viscosity, and details the experimental procedure, apparatus, and calculations involved. The conclusion highlights that viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature, demonstrating a negative exponential trend.

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17 views3 pages

Exp 1 Viscosity Measurment

The document outlines an experiment aimed at determining the viscosity of liquids and its variation with temperature using a Redwood viscometer. It explains the principles of viscosity, including dynamic and kinematic viscosity, and details the experimental procedure, apparatus, and calculations involved. The conclusion highlights that viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature, demonstrating a negative exponential trend.

Uploaded by

akashmellosani53
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S.Y. B. Tech.

Mechanical Engineering
ME222
Fluid Mechanics

Title: Determination of viscosity of liquids and its variation with temperature.

Aim: To study the determination of viscosity of liquids and its variation with temperature.

Theory:
Viscosity is the property of fluid. It is defined as “The internal resistance offered by the fluid to the movement
of one layer of fluid over an adjacent layer. It is due to the Cohesion between the molecules of the fluid.

Newton’s law of Viscosity: It states that the shear stress (τ) on a fluid element layer is directly proportional to
the rate of shear strain.

Dynamic Viscosity: Viscosity is defined as the property of a fluid which offers resistance to the movement of
one layer of fluid over another adjacent layer of the fluid. (Explain units and relationships between them)

Kinematic Viscosity: It is defined as the ratio between the dynamic viscosity and density of fluid. (Explain units
and relationships between them)

Viscosity index (VI): VI is a petroleum industry term. It is a lubricating oil quality indicator, an arbitrary
measure for the change of kinematic viscosity with temperature. The viscosity of liquids decreases as
temperature increases. The viscosity of a lubricant is closely related to its ability to reduce friction. A high VI
indicates small change in viscosity with temperature and a low VI indicates more change in viscosity with
temperature. Therefore a fluid that has high VI can be expected to undergo very little change in viscosity with
temperature extremes and is considered to have a stable viscosity. A fluid with a low VI can be expected to
undergo a significant change in viscosity as the temperature fluctuates.

Redwood viscometer: Redwood viscometer is used to measure the kinematic viscosity and it is based on the
principle of laminar flow through capillary tube of standard dimensions under falling head. Redwood
viscometer consists of a vertical cylinder (inner cylinder) with an office at the center of the base of cylinder
and which is surrounded by outer cylinder containing water. The outer cylinder containing water can maintain
the temperature of the liquid to be tested in inner cylinder at required temperature. The water is heated by
electric heater. The inner cylinder will be filled upto fixed height with liquid, whose viscosity is to be
determined. Then orifice is opened and the time required to pass 50cc of oil is noted. With this arrangement
variation of viscosity with temperature can be studied.

Apparatus required: Redwood Viscometer, Thermometer, Stop watch, 50 ml standard narrow necked flask,
sample of oil.

MIT WPU, Pune Prof. Nilesh T. Dhokane


Specifications:

1 Diameter of Cylinder = 45.5 mm.


2 Height of Cylinder = 86 mm.
3 Diameter of Orifice = 1.75 mm
4 Length of Orifice = 12 mm

Experimental Procedure:
1. Fill the oil cup with oil to the required oil level indicated by marker point.
2. Heat the water at uniform temperature.
3. When required temperature of oil is attained, lift the ball above the orifice hole.
4. By lifting ball valve, allow the oil to pass through it (start the stop watch) and collect 50 CC of oil in the
volumetric flask.
5. The measured seconds is in terms of viscosity of oil measured.
6. Repeat the procedure for different temperatures by heating oil with water bath.
7. Plot relevant graphs.

Experimental Set-up Diagram:

MIT WPU, Pune Prof. Nilesh T. Dhokane


Observation and Result Table:
Time to Kinematic Viscosity ν Dynamic Viscosity
SN. Temperature Density (ρ)
Collect 50 cc
(0C) (kg/m3) m2/s Stokes Ns/m2 Poise
oil (seconds)
1

Calculations:

In case of Redwood viscometer, the kinematic viscosity (ν) of liquid and the time (t) required to pass 50cc of
liquid are correlated by the expression. ν = 0.0026 t -1.175 / t

Where,
ν – kinematic Viscosity in stokes
t – Time in seconds to collect 50cc of oil

Significance of Viscosity Measurement:


Viscosity is the property of lubricating oil that determines it ability to lubricate and through its film strength,
viscosity values are used
• In evaluating load carrying capacity
• In denoting the effect of temperature changes and for determining the presence of contaminants in used oil
during service
• Absolute viscosity values are required for use in all bearing design calculations and other lubrication
engineering technical design problems

Conclusion:
Kinematic viscosity, absolute viscosity was determined and relevant graphs were drawn. Viscosity varies with
increase in temperature and has negative exponential trend.

MIT WPU, Pune Prof. Nilesh T. Dhokane

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