BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI (RAJASTHAN)

Second Semester, 2025-2025

Course Handout (Part-II)
09/01/2025
In addition to part I (General Handout for all courses appended to the time table) this portion gives further specific details
regarding the course.

Course Number : CS F212

Course Title : Database Systems
Instructor-in-charge : NAVNEET GOYAL (goel@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in)
Instructor : K Haribabu (khari@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in)
Lab Instructors : Arti Jha (p20210471@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in)
Devika S (p20210024@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in)
Ramakant Upadhyay (p20220021@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in)
Ravi Kumar Sharma

1. Scope and Objective of the course

The scope of the course is the basic concepts and implementation issues of a Database System. This course is
intended to give students a solid background in databases, with a focus on relational database management
systems. Topics include data modeling, database design theory, data definition and manipulation languages,
storage and indexing techniques, query processing and optimization, concurrency control and crash recovery. The
emphasis is on learning the concepts through rigorous mathematical foundations and implementation details. The
course also introduces the challenges posed by Big Data on database technology and the emergence of Non-
relational and web databases.

2. Text Book
Hector G Molina, Jeffrey D.Ullman and Jennifer Widom, Database Systems – The Complete Book, Pearson
Education, 2e, 2008.
3. Reference Books
R1. Ramakrishna R. & Gehrke J, Database Management Systems, 3e, Mc-Graw Hill, 2003.
R2. Silberschatz A, Korth H F, & Sudarshan S, Database System Concepts, 7e, TMH, 2019.
R3. Elmarsi R, & Navathe S B, Fundamental of Database System, 7e, Pearson Education, 2017.
R4. Robinson, I, Webber, J, & Eifrem E, Graph Databases, 2e, O’Reilly, 2015.

4. Lecture Plan
Lecture Topics Chapter Reference
Learning Objective
#
§ Objectives/Motivation Ch. 1
1-2 § Evolution of Database Systems R1:Ch. 1
§ Overview of a DBMS R2:Ch. 1
Introduction to Database Systems
§ Advantages of a DBMS R3:Chs. 1-2
§ Recent Advances in Database Technology
§ Database System Architecture
Overview of Data Modeling Ch. 2
Self Study R1:Ch. 2
§ Entity-Relationship (ER) Modeling R2:Ch. 6, App. A, B
3-4 Data Modeling
§ Enhanced ER (EER) Modeling R3:Chs. 3-4, App. E, F
§ Network Data Model
§ Hierarchical Data Model
§ Relational Model Concepts Ch. 3
5-7 § Relation as a Mathematical Model R1:Ch. 3
Understanding Relational Model
§ ER, EER to Relational model R2:Chs. 2, 6
R3:Ch. 7
§ Functional Dependencies Ch. 3
Database Design through § Normal Forms: 1NF,2NF,3NF, BCNF R1:Ch. 19
8-12 Functional Dependencies & § Criterion for Good Database Design R2:Ch. 7, App. C
Normalization § Multi-valued dependencies: 4NF R3:Chs. 10-11
§ Join Dependencies-5NF, PJNF (self study)
 § Relational Algebra Ch. 5
§ Relational Calculus R1:Ch. 4
13-16 Query Languages § Tuple Relational Calculus R2:Chs. 2, 5
§ Domain Relational Calculus R3:Ch. 6
§ SQL (to be covered in Lab. Sessions) + Class Notes
§ File Organizations Chs. 11-14
§ Organization of Records in Files R1:Chs. 8-11
§ Indexing Structures R2:Chs. 11-12
§ Primary & Secondary Indexes R3:Chs. 13-14
17-23 Data Storage & Indexing
§ Tree-structured Indexes
§ Hash-based Indexes
§ Multidimensional Indexes
§ Bitmap Indexes
§ Introduction to Operator Evaluation Chs. 15-16
§ Algorithms for Relational Operators R1:Chs. 12-15
§ Sorting R2:Chs. 13-14
24-30 Query Processing & Optimization § Cost-based Optimization R3:Ch. 15
§ Heuristic-based Optimization
§ System-R approach to Optimization
§ View Materialization
§ Transaction Management Overview Chs. 17-19
§ Serial Schedule & Serializability R1:Chs. 16-18
o Conflict Serializability R2:Chs. 15-17
o View Serializability R3:Chs. 17-19
o Testing for Serializability
Transaction management: § Recoverability & Cascadeless
31-36
Concurrency Control & Crash Schedules
Recovery § Concurrency Control
§ Locking
§ Timestamping
§ Crash Recovery
§ Log-Based
§ Shadow Paging
§ Big Data & NoSQL Databases Chs. 19
o Column-oriented Databases R4
o Graph Databases Class Notes
37-40 o Key-value pair Databases
Advanced Topics
o Document Databases
§ Web Databases

5. Evaluation components
Component Duration Weightage(%) Date & Time Mode
Midsem 90 Mins. 30 (60 Marks) 04/03 FN1 Closed Book
Quizzes (02) 45 Mins. 30 (60 Marks) TBA Closed Book
Assignments (02)* - 0 (non-evaluatory) - Take Home
Comprehensive Exam 3 Hrs. 40 (80 Marks) 05/05 FN Partly Open
* There will be questions based on assignments in Midsem & Comprehensive exams (max. combined weightage: 10%)
6. Labs
A 2-hour, supervised lab., will be organized every week. The labs will focus on learning SQL and a suitable host language.
No marks for attendance. There will be no lab test. Questions based on the topics/concepts covered in labs. in the Midsem
and Comprehensive exam (max. combined weightage: 10%)
7. Make-up Policy
Make-up will be granted strictly on prior permission and for genuine reasons only.
8. Chamber Consultation Hours: T Th - 10
9. Notice: All the notices will be put up on NALANDA only.

Instructor-in-Charge
CS F212