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Proximate Ultimatecausation

The document discusses the distinction between proximate and ultimate causes of behavior in animals, providing examples and scenarios for analysis. It includes video clips and hypotheses to illustrate these concepts. The document encourages the reader to fill in explanations for various animal behaviors based on proximate and ultimate causes.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views2 pages

Proximate Ultimatecausation

The document discusses the distinction between proximate and ultimate causes of behavior in animals, providing examples and scenarios for analysis. It includes video clips and hypotheses to illustrate these concepts. The document encourages the reader to fill in explanations for various animal behaviors based on proximate and ultimate causes.

Uploaded by

rupalpatel0000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Proximate

 vs.  Ultimate  Causes  of  Behavior    Name:    


The "Hows and Whys" of Animal Behavior
In  the  space  below  distinguish  the  difference  between  a  proximate  and  ultimate  cause.  
Proximate  Cause  –    
 
Ultimate  Cause-­‐    
 
 
Video Clips
1.  Lion  Fight  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_KPmxBcb1c)  
Proximate  Cause:    
 
Ultimate  Cause:  
 
2. Clownfish    (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rPtMrwMhJU)    
Proximate  Cause:    
 
Ultimate  Cause:  
 
Directions:  Each  of  the  statements  below  is  a  hypothesis.    For  each  statement,  fill  in  (P)  for  proximate  hypothesis  and  (U)  for  
ultimate  hypothesis.  
1. We  observe  that  a  2008  Honda  CRV  sport  utility  vehicle  accelerates  as  it  moves  from  the  ramp  to  the  US  60  
Superstition  Freeway.  For  each  of  the  five  following  explanations  for  the  car’s  behavior,  indicate  (a)  for  proximate  
hypothesis,  and  (b)  for  ultimate  hypothesis.  Your  answers  should  be  based  on  the  definitions  for  proximate  and  
ultimate  that  we  have  employed  in  class.  
 
a) _____    The  car  accelerates  because  its  driver  is  fearful  of  being  squashed  by  a  fast  moving  Wal-­‐mart  truck  coming  up  
from  behind.  
b) _____    The  car  accelerates  because  the  driver  puts  his  foot  down  more  firmly  on  the  accelerator.  
c) _____    The  car  accelerates  because  underpowered,  slow-­‐to-­‐accelerate  Hondas  have  not  sold  well  in  the  past.  
d) _____    The  car  accelerates  because  the  robots  that  assembled  the  Honda  connected  the  accelerator  pedal  to  the  
engine.  
e) _____    The  car  accelerates  because  this  ability  reduces  the  likelihood  of  an  accident.  
 
12.  I  say  that  a  white-­‐crowned  sparrow  sings  a  distinctive  dialect  because  its  genes  influenced  how  its  song  system  was  
assembled,  which  in  turn  makes  dialect  learning  possible.  You  say  that  it  sings  the  song  because  of  the  operation  of  the  robust  
nucleus  of  the  archistriatum,  which  sends  signals  to  the  bird’s  vocal  control  apparatus,  the  syrinx.  Who  is  correct?  
a.  I  am  wrong  because  learning  is  environmentally  determined,  not  determined  by  the  bird’s  genes.  
b.  You  are  wrong  because  the  bird’s  vocal  apparatus  is  called  the  larynx,  not  the  syrinx.  
c.  We  both  could  be  right  because  our  two  hypotheses  offer  two  different  proximate  levels  of  analysis  of  dialect  singing.  
d.  We  both  could  be  right  because  our  two  hypotheses  offer  two  complementary  levels  of  analysis,  one  proximate  and  
the  other  ultimate.  
Explain  your  answer:    
 
 
   
Refer  to  the  figure  to  the  right  of  a  tuning  curve  for  a  fly  species  
that  parasitizes  calling  crickets.  
23.  What  sound  frequency  (kHz)  are  the  male  flies  least  
sensitive  to?  
a.  2   d.  20  
b.  5   e.  40
c.  10  
 
24.  The  reaction  of  the  fly  to  sounds  of  _______kHz  best  
illustrates  the  concept  of  stimulus  filtering.  
a.  2   d.  20  
b.  5   e.  4
c.  10  
 
Why  might  the  ears  of  males  and  females  of  this  species  of  fly  have  different  tuning  curves?  
 Designate  (a)  for  a  proximate  and  (b)  for  an  ultimate  explanation.  
Proximate:  
 
Ultimate:  
 
 
Scenario  1:  You  come  home  and  just  settle  down  in  your  favorite  chair  with  some  tunes  and  maybe  a  glass  of  prune  juice  
when  suddenly  this  huge  lump  descends  on  your  lap.  A  loud  noise  is  coming  from  the  throat  of  the  beast  and  it  seems  to  
want  to  be  petted.  For  those  of  you  who  don't  have  one  this  is  a  favorite  activity  in  cats.  What  is  a  proximate  and  an  
ultimate  cause  for  this  condition?    
What  is  the  cat  doing?  
Proximate:    
 
Ultimate:  
 
Scenario  2:  Even  though  it  makes  your  mom  crazy  your  dog,  Spunky,  always  wants  to  sleep  on  your  bed.  What  is  a  
proximate  and  an  ultimate  cause  for  this  condition?    
What  is  Spunky  doing?  
Proximate:    
 
Ultimate:  
 
Scenario  3:  When  a  new  lion  takes  over  a  pride  he  often  will  kill  the  young  cubs  of  his  predecessor.  Describe  a  proximate  
and  an  ultimate  cause  for  this  condition.    
Proximate:    
 
Ultimate:  
 
Scenario  4:  In  silverback  gorillas  the  males  will  hoot  and  pound  their  chests  when  other  animals  enter  their  territory.  
Describe  a  proximate  and  an  ultimate  cause  for  this  condition.  
Proximate:    
 
Ultimate:  
 
 
   

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