Module 11

S B A S

C
 Table of contents
1. SBAS Definitions
2. SBAS Overview
3. Signal-in-space performance requirements
4. Integrity
5. Accuracy
6. Continuity of service
7. Availability
 Table of contents
8. Time-to-alert
9. Protection Level and Alert Limit
10. Stanford Chart
11. SBAS Data Messages
12. SBAS Messages (Integrity)
13. SBAS Messages (Differential Correction)
14. SBAS Messages (Ranging)
 Table of contents
15. MSAS
16. MSAS Architecture
17. MSAS Coverage
 SBAS Definitions

SBAS（Satellite-Based Augmentation System）

A wide coverage augmentation system in which the user
receives augmentation information from a satellite-based
transmitter. (ICAO Annex10 )

SBAS Functions (ICAO ANEEX10 )

a) ranging: provide an additional pseudo-range signal with an
accuracy indicator from an SBAS satellite
b) GNSS satellite status: determine and transmit the GNSS
satellite health status
c) Basic differential correction: provide GNSS satellite
ephemeris and clock corrections (fast and long-term) to be
applied to the pseudo-range measurements from satellites
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 SBAS Definitions

SBAS Functions (ICAO ANEEX10 )

d) Precise differential correction: determine and transmit the
ionospheric corrections

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 SBAS Overview
SBAS satellites
(GEO sattelites) Core satellite
(GPS,GLONASS)

Data Link
Augmentation information
Augmentation information

SBAS airborne receiver

Ground infrastructure

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Signal-in-space performance requirements
Limitations of GPS performance

GPS performance needs augmentation system

that provides these elements.

Availability

Continuity of service

Integrity Accuracy

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 Integrity

Integrity (ICAO Annex 10 Attachment D)

a) Integrity is measure of the trust that can be placed in the
correctness of the information supplied by the total system.
Integrity includes the ability of a system to provide timely
and valid warnings to the user (alerts) when the system
must not be used for the intended operation (or phase of
flight).
b) To ensure that the position error is acceptable, an alert limit
is defined that represents the largest position error
allowable for a safe operation.
c) The definition of the integrity requirement includes an alert
limit.

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 Accuracy

Accuracy (ICAO Annex 10 Attachment D)

GNSS position error is the difference between the estimated
position and the actual position. For an estimated position at a
specific location, the probability should be at least 95 percent
that the position error is within the accuracy requirement.

The red dot is a plot of the positioning error.

If 95 percent of the total plots of the error in this circle,

the accuracy is 10.

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 Continuity of service

Continuity of service (ICAO Annex 10 Attachment D)

Continuity of service of a system is the capability of the
system to perform its function without unscheduled
interruptions during the intended operation.

Interruption Interruption
(Scheduled) (Unscheduled)

Service available time (blue band) I1 I2

System uptime(yellow band)

Failure

In the definition, Scheduled interruption will not affect the continuity.

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 Availability

Availability (ICAO Annex 10 Attachment D)

Availability of GNSS is characterized by the portion of time
the system is to be used for navigation during which reliable
navigation information is presented to the crew, autopilot, or
other system managing the flight of the aircraft.
Interruption Interruption
(Scheduled) (Unscheduled)

Service available time (blue band) I1 I2

System uptime(yellow band)

Failure

In the definition, Scheduled interruption will affect the availability.

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 Time-to-alert

Time-to-alert (ICAO Annex 10)

The maximum allowable time elapsed from the onset of the
navigation system being out of tolerance
GEO until the equipment
enunciates the alert.
Start event End event
Time-to-Alert

Augmentation
Information
(Integrity flag)
Pilot

Time-to-Alert
Satellite failure

Ground infrastructure Display

Erroneous
Reference Aircraft Data
Station
Master Station
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 Protection Level and Alert Limit
Protection Level
Range K% of the measurement value (error’s plot in
positioning) exists within the time stipulated in the distribution
95% positioning
defined. 20 Error in positioning
precision

10 Dangerous
level
0
-20 -10 0 10 20

-10
–2 σ
x ｒ , y ｒ , z ｒ , t ｒ  -20

Protection level (–5 σ)

Δτ ｒ
x ｔ , y ｔ , z ｔ , t ｔ 
Δτ Standard deviation (σ) =
ｔ

Δτ Δτ Δτ ２ ＋Δ τ ２＋Δ τ ２ Δτ ２
ｔ ＋
ｓ ｕ
ｒ ｓ ｕ
x ｓ , y ｓ , z ｓ , t ｓ  x ｕ , y ｕ , z ｕ , t ｕ 
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 Protection Level and Alert Limit
Change in position/
number of GPS
satellites

Changes in
Atmosphere

Level of dependability ascertained from

protection level

Alert Limit True flight

course
Error Error
Flight course
indicated by
onboard Protection level Protection level
instruments

True position Can be used Cannot be used (warning issued)

(protection level < alert limit) (protection level > alert limit)
Position indicated by
onboard instruments

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 Stanford Chart
Stanford Chart
This chart is a histogram comparing protection levels to actual
accuracy (positioning error).
Integrity is OK
Integrity is fault

Area 5
Alert limit GEONET 93011
Area 2 Tokyo
06/10/17 00:00-24:00
PRN 129 (MTSAT-1R)
Test Signal

APV-I mode
HAL = 40 m
Area 1 VAL = 50 m

All-in-view Receivers

Area 3 Area 4

Alert limit Sorce: Iwanuma Training Center documents

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SBAS Data Messages
Message
Message Name
Type

0 "Do Not Use"(SBAS test mode)

1 PRN mask

2 to 5 Fast corrections

6 Integrity information

7 Fast correction degradation factor

8 Spare

9 GEO ranging function parameters

10 Degradation parameters

11 Spare

12 SBAS network time/UTC offset parameters

Source: ICAO Annex 10 Appendix B
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SBAS Data Messages
Message
Message Name
Type

13 to 16 Spare

17 GEO satellite almanacs

18 Ionospheric gird point masks

19 to 23 Spare

24 Mixed fast/long-term satellite error corrections

25 Long-term satellite error corrections

26 Ionospheric delay corrections

27 SBAS service message

28 Clock-ephemeris covariance matrix

29 to 61 Spare
Source: ICAO Annex 10 Appendix B
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 SBAS Messages (Integrity)
GEO

Position error ③
Clock error
GPS2
GPS１

Let’s try not to use

GPS1

(Master Station)
(Reference Station)
①
②
①

① There are a lot of ①

(Reference Station) errors in GPS1’s data! (Reference Station)
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 SBAS Messages (Differential Correction)
GEO

③
Position error
Clock error
GPS
GPS

Ionosphere

Precision is improved
by error correction

(MCS)
(Reference Station)
①
②
①

①
GPS errors and ionospheric
①
(Reference Station) conditions are calculated (Reference Station)

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 SBAS Messages (Ranging)
GEO

GPS
GPS

The number of usable

GPS satellites has
increased. That’s a big
help.

(MCS)

(Reference Station)
① ③
④ ③

③ MTSAT orbital data is ③

(Reference Station) calculated (Reference Station)

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 MSAS
Current MSAS Status
a) MSAM commissioned on Sep.27,2007
b) Only for horizontal guidance (en-route through NPA)
c) Sole means of navigation for RNAV operation in Japan

Performance Required (for NPA) and Actual

a) Accuracy horizontal (95%)
Required: Less than 220m
Actual: Less than 2.2m
b) Integrity
Required: 1x10-7/hour
Actual: 0.903x10-7/hour
c) Availability
Required: 0.9 to 0.99999
Actual: 0.99926
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MSAS Architecture

Sapporo GMS
GPS
satellites
GPS
satellite

GPS Fukuoka GMS

Kobe MCS
Hitachiota
MCS
Q
satellite Tokyo Hawaii
GMS MRS

MTSAT-1R MTSAT-2
PRN 129 PRN 137
PRN 137 PRN 129
GPS-L
Naha GMS K-band Australia
L-band MRS
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MSAS Coverage

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