CHAPTER 15

LINEAR INEQUATIONS
EXERCISE 15.1

Solve the following linear inequation in R.

1. Solve: 12x< 50, when

O T IS
(i) x ∈ R
(ii) x ∈ Z
N A D
CO N
(iii) x ∈ N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
ED PR

Given:
12x < 50
So when we divide by 12 we get
©

<

X<

(i) x ∈ R
D

When x is a real number, the solution of the given inequation is (-

∞, )

(ii) x ∈ Z

When, 4 < <5

So when, when x is an integer, the maximum possible value of x is
4.
The solution of the given inequation is … , −2, −1,0,1,2,3,4

(iii) x ∈ N

When, 4 < <5

O T IS
So when, when x is a natural number, the maximum possible value
N A D
CO N
of x is 4. We know that the natural numbers start from 1, the
O UC AA
T IO
solution of the given inequation is 1,2,3,4

PY
ED PR

2. Solve: -4x > 30, when

(i) x ∈ R
©

(ii) x ∈ Z
(iii) x ∈ N
Solution:
Given:
-4x > 30
D

So when we divide by 4, we get

− >

−x >
(i) x ∈ R
When x is a real number, the solution of the given inequation is

−∞, −

(ii) x ∈ Z

When, - 8 < − < −7

O T IS
So when, x is an integer, the maximum possible value of x is -8
N A D
CO N
The solution of the given inequation is … , −11, −10, −9, −8
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(iii) x ∈ N
ED PR

As natural numbers start from 1 and can never be negative, when x

is a natural number, the solution of the given inequation is≠.
©

3. Solve: 4x – 2 < 8, when

(i) x ∈ R
(ii) x ∈ Z
D

(iii) x ∈ N
Solution:
Given:
4x – 2 < 8
4x – 2 + 2 < 8 + 2
4x < 10
So divide by 4 on both sides we get,
<

X<

(i) x ∈ R
When x is a real number, the solution of the given inequation is

−∞,
O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ii) x ∈ Z

<3
ED PR

When, 2<

So when, when x is an integer the maximum possible value of x is

©

2.
The solution of the given inequation is … , −2, −1,0,1,2

(iii) x ∈ N

When 2 < <3

D

So when, x is a natural number the maximum possible value of x

is 2. We know that the natural numbers start from 1, the solution
of the given inequation is 1,2
4. 3x - 7> x + 1
Solution:
Given:
3x – 7 > x + 1
3x – 7 + 7 > x + 1 + 7
3x > x + 8

O T IS
3x – x > x + 8 – x
2x > 8
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
Divide both sides by 2, we get

PY
>
ED PR

X>4
∴The solution of the given inequation is (4, ∞)
©

5. x + 5 > 4x – 10
Solution:
Given: x + 5 > 4x – 10
X + 5 – 5 > 4x – 10 – 5
D

X > 4x – 15
4x – 15 < x
4x – 15 – x < x – x
3x – 15 < 0
3x – 15 + 15< 0 + 15
3x < 15
Divide both sides by 3, we get

<

X<5
∴The solution of the given inequation is (-∞ , 5)

O T IS
6. 3x + 9 ≥ -x + 19
N A D
CO N
Solution:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Given: 3x + 9 ≥ -x + 19
3x + 9 - 9≥ -x +19 – 9
ED PR

3x ≥ -x + 10
3x + x ≥ -x + 10 + x
©

4x ≥ 10
Divide both sides by 4, we get
≥

X≥
D

∴The solution of the given inequation is ,∞

"
7. 2(3-x)≥ # + %

Solution
Given: 2(3-x)≥ + 4

6 – 2x ≥ + 4
&
6 – 2x ≥

5(6 -2x) ≥ (x +20)

30 – 10x ≥ x + 20
30 – 20 ≥ x + 10x
10 ≥ 11x O T IS
N A D
CO N
11x ≤ 10
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Divide both sides by 11, we get

≤
ED PR

X≤
©

∴The solution of the given inequation is −∞,

(")* %")(
8. #
≤ *

Solution
D

Given:
) )
≤

Multiply both the sides by 5 we get,

) )
×5≤ ×5
 , ) .
,3- − 2. ≤
)
3- − 2 ≤

Multiply both the sides by 2 we get,

)
,3- − 2. × 2 ≤ ×2

6x – 4 ≤ 20x – 15

O T IS
20x – 15 ≥ 6x – 4
20x – 15 + 15 ≥ 6x – 4 + 15
N A D
CO N
20x ≥ 6x + 11
O UC AA
T IO
PY
20x – 6x ≥ 6x + 11 – 6x
14x ≥ 11
ED PR

Divide both sides by 14, we get

≥
©

X≥

∴The solution of the given inequation is ,∞

D

9. –(x -3) + 4 < 5 – 2x

Solution:
Given: -(x -3) + 4 < 5 – 2x
-x + 3 + 4 < 5 – 2x
-x + 7 < 5 – 2x
-x + 7- 7 < 5 – 2x – 7
-x < -2x – 2
-x + 2x < -2x -2 + 2x
X < -2
∴The solution of the given inequation is (-∞ , -2)

O T IS
" (")* #")(
10. # < %
N A D − #

CO N
Solution:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
) )
Given: < −
/ , ) .) , ) .0
<
ED PR

, .
/ ) ) & 0
<
©

/ ) 0
< × 20

4- < 2 − 5-
4x + 5x < 2 – 5x + 5x
9x < 2
D

Divide both sides by 9, we get

1
1
<1

X<1

∴ The solution of the given inequation is −∞, 1

 /*,")2.0 /(,*&".0
11. #
≤ 3

Solution:
Given:
/ , ) .0 / , & .0
≤ 4
) &
≤
4

O T IS
Multiply both the sides by 5 we get,
) &
×5≤ ×5
N A D
CO N
4
O UC AA
T IO
PY
) 5 , & .
4

7,2- − 2. ≤ 5,6 + 3-.

ED PR

14- − 14 ≤ 30 + 15-
14x – 14 + 14 ≤ 30 + 15x + 14
©

14x ≤ 44 + 15x
14x – 44 ≤ 15x
15x ≥ 14x – 44
15x – 14x ≥ 14x – 44 – 14x
D

X ≥ -44
∴ The solution of the given inequation is /−44, ∞0

#" (" (7
12. *
+ %
≥ %

Solution:
Given:
1
+ ≥

By taking LCM
/ , .& 0 1
≥
1
≥ Multiply both the sides by 4 we get,

O T IS
≥ 39 N A D
CO N
Divide both sides by 13, we get
O UC AA
1 T IO
PY
≥
1
X≥
ED PR

X≥3
∴The solution of the given inequation is ,3, ∞.
©

")2 ")#
13. (
+ %< #
− *

Solution:
Given:
D

) )
+4< − 2

Subtract both sides by 4 we get,

) )
+ 4−4< −2−4
) )
< − 6
 ) ) )
<
)
< -−

Cross multiply we get,

5(x -1) < 3 (x – 35)
5x – 5 < 3x – 105
5x – 5 + 5 < 3x – 105 + 5
5x < 3x – 100
O T IS
N A D
CO N
5x – 3x< 3x – 100 – 3x
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2x < - 100
Divide both sides by 2, we get
ED PR

< −

X < −50
©

∴The solution of the given inequation is ( -∞, -50)

*"&( ")%
14. − (< −*
% (
D

Solution:
Given:
& )
−3< −2

Add 3 on both sides we get,

& )
− 3+3< −2+3
 & )
< +1
& ) &
<
& )
<

Cross multiply we get

3(2x+3) < 4(x-1)

O T IS
6x + 9 < 4x – 4
6x + 9 – 9 < 4x – 4 – 9
N A D
CO N
6x < 4x – 13
O UC AA
T IO
PY
6x – 4x < 4x – 13 – 4x
2x < -13
ED PR

Divide both sides by 2, we get

< −
©

X< −

∴The solution of the given inequation is −∞, − .

D
 EXERCISE 15.2

Solve each of the following system of equations in R.

1. x + 3 > 0, 2x < 14
Solution:
Given: x + 3 > 0 and 2x < 14

O T IS
Let us consider the first inequality.
X+3>0
N A D
CO N
X+3–3>0–3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
X > -3
ED PR

Now, let us consider the second inequality

2x < 14
Divide both the sides by 2 we get,
©

<

X<7
∴The solution of the given system of inequation is (-3, 7).
D

2. 2x – 7 > 5 – x, 11 – 5x ≤ 1
Solution:
Given:
2x – 7 > 5 – x and 11 – 5x ≤ 1
Let us consider the first inequality.
2x – 7 > 5- x
2x – 7 + 7 > 5 – x + 7
2x > 12 – x
2x + x > 12 – x + x
3x > 12
Divide both the sides by 3 we get,
>
O T IS
N A D
CO N
X>4
O UC AA
T IO
PY
∴ x ∈ (4,∞)....(1)
Now let us consider the second inequality
ED PR

11 – 5x ≤ 1
11 – 5x – 11 ≤ 1 – 11
©

-5x ≤ -10
Divide both the sides by 5 we get,

− ≤ −

−x ≤ -2
D

X≥2
∴x ∈ ,2, ∞. … ,2.
From (1) and (2) we get
X ∈ (4,∞) ∩ ,2, ∞.
X ∈ (4,∞)
∴The solution of the given system of inequations is (4, ∞)

3. x – 2 > 0, 3x < 18
Solution:
Given:
X -2 > 0 and 3x < 18

O T IS
Let us consider the first inequality.
X–2>0
N A D
CO N
X – 2 + 2> 0 + 2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
X>2
∴X ∈ ,2, ∞. … ,1.
ED PR

Now, let us consider the second inequality.

3x < 18
©

Divide both the sides by 3 we get

<

X<6
∴x ∈ ,−∞, 6. … ,2.
D

From (1) and (2) we get

X ∈ ,2, ∞. ∩ ,−∞, 6.
X ∈ ,2,6.
∴The solution of the given system of inequations is (2, 6).
4. 2x + 6≥ 9, %" − 3 < 0
Solution:
Given:
2x + 6 ≥ 0 and 4x – 7 < 0
Let us consider the first inequality.
2x + 6 ≥ 0

O T IS
2x + 6 – 6 ≥ 0 – 6
2x ≥ - 6
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
Divide both the sides by 2 we get,

PY
≥−
ED PR

x ≥ −3
∴ - ∈ ,−3, ∞. … ,1.
©

Now, let us consider the second inequality

4x - 7< 0
4x – 7 + 7 < 0 + 7
4x < 7
Divide both the sides by 4 we get,
D

4
<
4
-<
4
∴ - ∈ −∞, … ,2.

From (1) and (2) we get

 4
X ∈ ,−3, ∞. ∩ −∞,
4
X ∈ −3,
4
∴The solution of the given system of inequation is −3,

5. 3x -6> 0, *" − # > 0

O T IS
Solution: N A D
CO N
Given:
X – 6 > 0 and 2x – 5 > 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us consider the first inequality
3x – 6 >0
ED PR

3x – 6 + 6 > 0 + 6
3x > 6
©

Divide both the sides by 3 we get

>

X >2
∴X ∈ (2,∞ ).... (1)
D

Now, let us consider the second inequality

2x – 5 > 0
2x – 5 + 5 > 0 + 5
X>5
Divide both the sides by 2 we get
 >

X>

∴x∈ , ∞ … ,2.

From (1) and (2) we get

X ∈ ,2, ∞. ∩ ,∞

X∈ ,∞
O T IS
N A D
CO N
∴The solution of the given system of inequations is ,∞
O UC AA
T IO
PY
6. 2x – 3 < 7, 2x > -4
ED PR

Solution:
©

Given:
2x – 3 < 7 and 2x > -4
Let us consider the first inequality
2x – 3 < 7
2x – 3 + 3 < 7 + 3
D

2x < 10
Divide both the sides by 2 we get,

<

X<5
∴ x ∈ ,−∞, 5. … ,1.
Now let us consider the second inequality.
2x > -4
Divide both the sides by 2 we get,
> −

X > −2
∴ x ∈ ,−∞, 5. ∩ ,−2, ∞.
- ∈ ,−2,5.
O T IS
N A D
CO N
∴ The solution of the given system of inequations is (-2, 5)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
7. 2x + 5≤ 0, x -3 ≤ 0
ED PR

Solution:
Given:
©

2x + 5≤ 0 and x – 3 ≤ 0
Let us consider the first inequality.
2x + 5 ≤ 0
2x + 5 – 5 ≤ 0 – 5
2x ≤ - 5
D

Divide both the sides by 2 we get,

≤ −

X≤ −

∴ : ∈ −∞, − … ,1.
Now, let us consider the second inequality
X–3≤0
X–3+3≤0+3
X≤3
∴x ∈ ,−∞, 3. … . ,2.
From (1) and (2) we get

X ∈ −∞, −
O T IS
∩ ,−∞, 3.
N A D
CO N
- ∈ −∞, −
O UC AA
T IO
PY
∴The solution of the given system of inequations is −∞, −
ED PR

8. 5x – 1 < 24, 5x + 1 > -24

©

Solution
Given:
5x – 1 < 24, 5x + 1 > -24
Let us consider the first inequality.
5x – 1 < 24
D

5x – 1+ 1 < 24 + 1
5x < 25
Divide both the sides by 5 we get,

<

X<5
∴x ∈ ,−∞, 5. … ,1.
Now, let us consider the second inequality
5x + 1 > −25
5x + 1 – 1 > −24 − 1
5x > −25
Divide both the sides by 5 we get,

> −
O T IS
N A D
CO N
X > −5
O UC AA
T IO
PY
∴ x ∈ ,−5, ∞. … . ,2.
From (1) and (2) we get
ED PR

X ∈ ,−∞, 5. ∩ ,−5, ∞.
X ∈ ,−5,5.
©

∴The solution of the given system of inequations is (-5, 5).

9. 3x – 1 ≥ 5, x + 2 > -1
Solution:
Given:
D

3x – 1 ≥ 5, x + 2 > -1
Let us consider the first inequality.
3x – 1 ≥ 5
3x – 1 +1 ≥ 5 + 1
3x ≥ 6
Divide both the sides by 3 we get
≥

X≥2
∴ x ∈ /2, ∞0 … . ,1.
Now, let us consider the second inequality.
X + 2 > −1

O T IS
X + 2 – 2 > −1 − 2
N A D
CO N
X > −3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
∴ x ∈ ,−3, ∞. … . ,2.
From (1) and (2) we get
ED PR

X ∈ ,2, ∞. ∩ ,−3, ∞.
X ∈ ,2, ∞.
©

∴The solution of the given system of inequations is (2, ∞ ).

10. 11-5x > -4, 4x + 13 ≤ -11

Solution
Given:
D

11-5x > -4 and 4x + 13 ≤ -11

Let us consider the first inequality.
11 -5x > -4
11 – 5x – 11 > -4 – 11
-5x > -15
Divide both the sides by 5 we get,

− > −

−x > −3
- <3
∴ x ∈ ,−∞, 3.,1.
Now, let us consider the second inequality
4x + 13 ≤ -11
O T IS
N A D
CO N
4x + 13 – 13 ≤ -11 – 13
O UC AA
T IO
PY
4x ≤ -24
Divide both the sides by 4 we get,
ED PR

≤ −

X ≤ −6
©

∴x ∈ ,−∞, −6.,2.
From (1) and (2) we get
X ∈ ,−∞, 3. ∩ ,−∞, −6.
X ∈ ,−∞, −6.
D

∴The solution of the given system of inequations is (−∞, −6.

 EXERCISE 15.3

Solve each of the following system of equations in R.

2 =
1. <" + (< > (

Solution:

O T IS
Let ‘r’ be a positive real number and ‘a’ be a fixed real number.
N A D
CO N
Then,
O UC AA
T IO
|- + ? | > @ = x > r – a or x < −,? + @.

PY
Here, a = and r =
ED PR

X> − A@ x < − +
) &
A@ - < −
©

x>
4 1
x> A@ - < −
4
x> A@ - < −3
4
x∈ ,∞ A@ - ∈ ,−∞, −3.
D

4
∴ - ∈ ,−∞, −3. ∪ ,∞

2. |% − "| + 2 < 3
Solution:
|4 − - | + 1 < 3
Let us subtract 1 from both the sides, we get
|4 − - | + 1 − 1 < 3 - 1
|4 − - | < 2
Let ‘r’ be a positive real number and ‘a’ be a fixed real number.
Then,

O T IS
|? − - | < @ ⇔ ? − @ < - < ? + @
N A D
CO N
Here, a = 4 and r = 2
4–2<- <4+2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2< - < 6
∴ - ∈ ,2,6.
ED PR

,(")%. #
3. < < ≤ 2*
©

Solution:
Given:
, ) .
< <≤
D

We can rewrite it as
, .
< − <≤
, .
< − 2< ≤

Let ‘r’ be a positive real number and ‘a’ be a fixed real number.
Then,
|- − ? | ≤ @ ⇔ ? − @ ≤ - ≤ ? + @

Here, a = 2 and r =

2- ≤ ≤2+
)
≤ ≤2+
) &
≤ ≤

O T IS
1 1
≤ ≤
N A D
CO N
Now, multiply the whole inequality by 2 and dividing by 3, we get
O UC AA
T IO
PY
1 1
≤- ≤
1 1
∴-∈D , E
ED PR
©

|")*|
4.
")*
>0

Solution
Given:
| ) |
)
>0
D

Clearly it states, - ≠ 2 so two cases arise:

Case1: x – 2 > 0
X >2
In this case |- − 2| = - − 2
X ∈ ,2, ∞. … . ,1.
Case 2: x – 2 < 0
X<2
In this case, |- − 2| = −,- − 2.
)
− )
>0

−1 > 0
Inequality doesnT t get satisy

O T IS
This case gets nullified.
N A D
CO N
∴ x ∈ ,2, ∞.from (1)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2 2
5. | <
"|)( *
ED PR

Solution:
We know that, if we take reciprocal of any inequality we need to
©

change the inequality as well.

Also, |- | − 3 ≠ 0
|- | > 3 A@ |- | < 3
For |- | < 3
D

-3 < - < 3
X ∈ ,−3,3......(1)
The equation can be re-written as
|- | − 3 > 2
Let us add 3 on both the sides, we get
|- | − 3 + 3 > 2 + 3
|- | > 5
Let ‘a’ be a fixed real number. Then,
|- | > ? ⇔ - < −? or x > a
Here a = 5
X < −5 or - > 5.... (2)

O T IS
From (1) and (2)
X ∈ ,−∞, −5. or - ∈ ,5, ∞.
N A D
CO N
∴x ∈ ,−∞ , −5. ∪ ,−3,3. ∪ ,5, ∞.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
|"&*|)"
ED PR

6.
"V

Solution:
©

Given:
| & |)
V

Let us rewrite the equation as

| & |
− <2
D

By adding 1 on both sides, we get

| & |
−1+1 <2+1
| & |
−3 <0

Clearly it states, x ≠ −2 so two case arise:

Case 1: x + 2 > 0
X > −2
In this case |- + 2| = - + 2

-+ − 3<0
& )
<0
)
− <0
)
<0 O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us consider only the numerators we get
2x – 2 > 0
ED PR

X>1
- ∈ ,1, ∞. … . ,1.
©

Case 2: x + 2 < 0
X < −2
In this case, |- + 2| = −,- + 2.
&
− −3 <0
D

)W ) ) W
W
<0
) &
<0
&
<0
Let us consider only the numerators, we get
4x + 2 > 0

X> −

But x < −2
Form the denominator we have,
X ∈ ,−∞, 0. … ,2.

O T IS
From (1) and (2)
N A D
CO N
∴ x ∈ (- ∞ , 0. ∪ ,1, ∞.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D
 EXERCISE 15.4

1. Find all pairs of consecutive odd positive integers, both of

which are smaller than 10, such that their sum is more than
11.
Solution:

O T IS
Let ‘x’ be the smaller of the two consecutive odd positive integers.
Than the other odd integer is x + 2.
N A D
CO N
Given:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Both the integers are smaller than 10 and their sum is more than
11.
ED PR

So,
X + 2 < 10 ?XY - + (x+2) > 11
©

X < 10 − 2 ?XY 2- + 2 > 11

- < 8 ?XY 2- > 11 − 2
- < 8 ?XY 2- > 9
1
- < 8 ?XY - >
D

1
<- <8

Note the odd positive integers lying between 4.5 and 8.

X = 5,7 [since x is an odd integer]
X < 10 [from the given statement]
1
< - < 10

Note that, the upper limit here has shifted from 8 to 10. Now x is
odd integer from 4.5 to 10
So, the odd integers from 4.5 to 10 are 5, 7 and 9.
Now, let us find pairs of consecutive odd integers.
Let x = 5 then (x +2) = (5 +2) = 7

O T IS
Let x = 7, then (x + 2) = (7 +2) = 9
N A D
CO N
Let x = 9, then (x +2) = (9 +2) = 11. But 11 are greater than 10.
O UC AA
∴ The required pairs of odd integers are ,5,7.?XY ,7,9.
T IO
PY
ED PR

2. find all pairs of consecutive odd natural number, both of

which are larger than 10, such that their sum is less than 40.
©

Solution:
Let ‘x’ be the smaller of the two consecutive odd natural numbers.
Then the other odd number is x + 2.
Given:
Both the natural numbers are greater than 10 and their sum is less
D

than 40.
So,
X > 10 and x + x + 2 < 40
X > 10 and 2x < 38
X > 10 and 2x < 38
X > 10 and x <

X > 10 and x < 19

10 < x < 19
From this inequality we can say that x lies between 10 and 19.
So, the odd natural numbers lying between 10 and 19 are 11, 13,
15 and 17 (excluding 19 as x < 19)

O T IS
Now, let us find pairs of consecutive odd natural numbers.
N A D
CO N
Let x = 11, then (x + 2) = (11 + 2) = 13
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let x = 13, then (x + 2) = (13 + 2) = 15
Let x = 15, then (x + 2) = (15 + 2) = 17
ED PR

Let x = 17 then (x + 2) = (17 + 2) = 19

X = 11, 13, 15, 17 [since x is an odd number]
©

∴The required pairs of odd natural numbers are (11,13), (13,15),

(15,17) and (17,19)

3. find all pairs of consecutive even positive integers, both of

which are large than 5, such that their sum is less than 23.
D

Solution:
Let ‘x’ be the smaller of the two consecutive even positive
integers. Then the other even integer is x + 2.
Given:
Both the even integers are greater than 5 and their sum is less than
23.
So,
X > 5 and x + x + 2 < 23
X > 5 and 2x < 21

X > 5 and x <

5<-<
O T IS
N A D
CO N
5 < - < 10.5
O UC AA
T IO
PY
From this inequality we can say that x lies between 5 and 10.5
So, the even positive integers lying between 5 and 10.5 are 6, 8,
ED PR

and 10.
Now let us find pairs of consecutive even positive integers.
©

Let x = 6 then (x + 2) = (6 + 2) = 8
Let x = 8 then (x + 2) = (8 + 2) = 10
Let x = 10 then (x + 2) = (10 + 2) = 12
X = 6, 8, 10 [since x is even integer]
∴The required pairs of even positive integer are (6,8), (8,10) and
D

(10,12)

4. The marks scored by rohit in two tests were 65 and 70. Find
the minimum marks he should score in the third test to have
an average of at least 65 marks.
Solution:
Given:
Marks scored by rohit in two tests are 65 and 70.
Let marks in the third test be x.
So let us find minimum x for which the average of all three papers
would be at least 65 marks.

O T IS
That is,
Average marks in three papers ≥ 65....(i)
N A D
CO N
Average is given by:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Z[\ ]^ _`` a[\bcdZ
Average = e]e_` a[\bcd ]^ fec\Z
ED PR

ghijk lm kn nop qhqrik&ghijk lm nslit nrkn

=
&4 &
=
©

&
=

Substituting this value of average in the inequality (i), we get

&
≥ 65

,135 + - . ≥ 65 × 3
D

,135 + - . ≥ 195
X ≥ 195 − 135
X ≥ 60
This inequality means that rohit should score at least 60 marks in
his third test to have an average of at least 65 marks.
So the minimum marks to get an average of 65 marks is 60.
∴The minimum marks required in the third test is 60.

5. A solution is to be kept between 86o and 95o F. What is the

range of temperature in degree Celsius, if the Celsius
7
(c)/Fahrenheit (f) conversion formula is given by F = # u + (*.

Solution:
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Let us consider F1 = 86o F
O UC AA
T IO
PY
And F2 = 95o
1
We know, F = C1 + 32
ED PR

1
F1 – 32 = C1

= 1 ,86 − 32.
©

= 1 ,54.

=5×6
= 30o C
D

Now,
1
F2 = C2 + 32
1
F2 – 32 = C2

C2 = 1 (F2 – 32)
= (95 – 32)
1

= 1 (63)

=5×7
= 35o c
∴The range of temperature of the solution in degree Celsius is 30o
C and 35o C.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
6. A solution is to be kept between 30o C and 35o C. What is
O UC AA
T IO
PY
the range of temperature in degree Fahrenheit?
Solution:
ED PR

Let us consider C1 = 30o C

And C2 = 35o
©

1
We know, F = C + 32
1
F1 = C1 + 32
1
= × 30 + 32

= 9 × 6 + 32
D

= 54 + 32
= 86o F
Now,
1
F2 = C2 + 32
1
× 35 + 32

= 9 × 7 + 32
= 63 + 32
= 95 o F
∴The range of temperature of the solution in degree Fahrenheit is
86o F and 95o F.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D
 Exercise 15.5

Represent to solution set of the following inequations

graphically in two dimensional plane:

1. x + 2y – 4 ≤ 0

O T IS
Solution: N A D
We shall plot graph of the equation and shade the side containing

CO N
solutions of the inequality,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0
ED PR

And y = 0 i.e. x and y – intercepts always,

X + 2y – 4 ≤ 0
©

So when,
x 0 2 4
y 2 1 0
D
 O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR

2. x + 2y ≥ 6
©

Solution:
We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
D

which are at x = 0 and y = 0 i.e. x and y – intercepts always,

X + 2y ≥ 6
So when,
 x 0 2 6
y 3 2 0

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D

3. x + 2 ≥ 0
Solution
We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0. i.e. x and y – intercepts always,
X+2≥0
X ≥ -2
As there is only one variable ‘x’ and ‘y’ = 0, which means that x
has only one value when considered as an equation.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©

4. x – 2y < 0
Solution:
D

We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0, i.e. x and y – intercepts always,
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0 i.e. x and y – intercepts always,
X – 2y < 0
X < 2y
So when,
x 0 2 4

y
O T IS 0 1 2
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D

5. -3x + 2y ≤ 6
Solution:
We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0, i.e. x and y – intercepts always,
-3x + 2y ≤ 6
So when,

O T IS
x
N A D
0 2 -2

CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
y 3 6 0
ED PR
©
D
 Exercise 15.6

1. solve the following systems of linear inequation

graphically.
(i) 2x + 3y ≤ 6, 3x + 2y ≤ 6, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(ii) 2x + 3y ≤ 6, x + 4y ≤ 4, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

O T IS
(iii) x – y ≤ 1, x + 2y ≤ 8, 2x + y ≥2, x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
(iv) x + y ≥ 1, 7x + 9y ≤63, x ≤6, y ≤ 5, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
N A D
CO N
(v) 2x + 3y ≤ 35, y ≥ 3, x ≥ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
(i) 2x + 3y ≤ 6, 3x + 2y ≤ 6, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
ED PR

We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,
©

You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0 i.e. x and y – intercepts always,

2x + 3y ≤ 6
D

So when,
x 0 1 3
y 2 1.33 0

3x + 2y ≤ 6
So when,
x 0 1 2

y 3 1.5 0

X ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©

(ii) 2x + 3y ≤ 6, x + 4y ≤ 4, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
D

containing solutions of the inequality,

You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0 i.e. x and y – intercepts always,
2x + 3y =≤ 6
So when,
 x 0 1 3

y 2 1.33 0

X + 4y ≤ 4
So when,

O T IS
x 0 2 4
N A D
CO N
y 1 0.5 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
X ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
ED PR
©
D
(iii) x – y ≤ 1, x + 2y ≤8, 2x + y ≥ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,

You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values

O T IS
which are at x = 0 and y = 0 i.e., x and y – intercepts always,
X–y≤1
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
So when, T IO
PY
x 0 2 1
ED PR

y -1 1 0
©

X + 2y ≤ 8
So when,

x 0 4 8
D

y 4 2 0

2x + y ≥ 2
So when,
x 0 2 1

y 2 -2 0

X ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D

(iv) x + y ≥ 1, 7x + 9y ≤ 63, x ≤ 6, y ≤ 5, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0 i.e. x and y – intercepts always,

X+y≥1

O T IS
So when, N A D
CO N
O UC AA
x 0
T IO 2 1

PY
y 1 -1 0
ED PR
©

7x + 9y ≤ 63
So when,
x 0 5 9

y 7 3.11 0
D

X ≤ 6, y ≤ 5 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
 O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR

(v) 2x + 3y ≤ 35, y ≥ 3, x ≥ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
©

We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0 i.e., x and y – intercepts always,
D

X + 3y ≤ 35
So when,
x 0 5 17.5

y 11.667 8.33 0

Y ≥ 3, x≥ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D
2. show that the solution set of the following linear
inequations is empty set:
(i) x – 2y ≥ 0, 2x –y ≤ -2, x ≥ 0, y≥ 0
(ii) x + 2y ≤3, 3x + 4y ≥ 12, y ≥ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

Solution:

O T IS
(i) x – 2y ≥ 0, 2x –y ≤ -2, x ≥ 0, y≥ 0
N A D
CO N
We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
O UC AA
containing solutions of the inequality,
T IO
PY
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0, i.e. x and y – intercepts always,
ED PR

X -2y ≥ 0
©

So when,
x 0 2 4

y 0 1 2
D

2x – y ≤ -2
So when,
x 0 1 -1

y 2 4 0

X ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D

The lines do not intersect each other for x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

Hence, there is no solution for the given inequations.

(ii) x + 2y ≤ 3, 3x + 4y ≥ 12, y ≥ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
We shall plot the graph of the equation and shade the side
containing solutions of the inequality,
You can choose any value but find the two mandatory values
which are at x = 0 and y = 0. i.e. x and y – intercepts always,

O T IS
X + 2y ≤ 3 N A D
So when,

CO N
O UC AA
x 0
T IO 1 3

PY
y 1.5 1 0
ED PR
©

3x + 4y ≥ 12
So when,

x 0 2 4
D

y 3 1.5 0

y≥ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
 O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR

3. Find the linear inequations for which the shade area in fig.
15.41 is the solution set. Draw the diagram of the solution set
©

of the linear inequations.

D
 Solution
Here, we shall apply the concept of a common solution area to
find the signs of inequality by using their given equations and
their given equations and the given common solution area
(shaded part).
We know that,

O T IS
If a line is the form ax + by = c and c is positive constant (in case
of negative C, the rule becomes opposite), so there are two cases
N A D
CO N
which are,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
If a line is above the origin:
(i)If the shaded area is below the line then ax + by < c
ED PR

(ii) if the shaded area is above the line then ax + by > c

If a line is below the origin, then the rule becomes opposite. So,
©

according to the rules

D
 O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR

4. find the linear inequations for which the solution set is the
©

shaded region given in fig. 15.42

D
 O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©

Solution
Here, we shall apply the concept of a common solution area to
find the signs of inequality by using their equations and the given
common solution are (shaded part).
D

We know that,

If a line is in the form ax + by = c and c is positive constant.

So, according to the rules
 ©
ED PR
D
O UC AA
N A D
O T IS
T IO
CO N
PY