M2 Cloud Computing -Ktunotes.in
M2 Cloud Computing -Ktunotes.in
• Cluster Architecture
• To build a larger cluster with more nodes, the interconnection network can
be built with multiple levels of Gigabit Ethernet, Myrinet, or InfiniBand
switches.
• Through hierarchical construction using a SAN, LAN, or WAN, one can build
scalable clusters with an increasing number of nodes.
• The cluster is connected to the Internet via a virtual private network (VPN)
gateway.
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• The gateway IP address locates the cluster.
• SSI makes the cluster appear like a single machine to the user.
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• A cluster with multiple system images is nothing but a collection of
independent computers.
• Hardware:
• PCs, workstations, servers, or
• SMP
• Software:
• Special communication software such as PVM or MPI
• Network interface card in each computer node
• Most clusters run under the Linux OS.
• Middleware:
• Special cluster middleware supports are needed to create SSI.
• Industrial grid platform development by IBM, Microsoft, Sun, HP, Dell, Cisco
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• P2P systems are introduced at the physical level and overlay networks at the
logical level.
• P2P Systems:
• Every node acts as both a client and a server, providing part of the system
resources.
• Physical Network:
• Unlike the cluster or grid, a P2P network does not use a dedicated interconnection
network.
• When a new peer joins the system, its peer ID is added as a node in the
overlay network and is removed from the overlay network automatically
when it leaves.
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• Structured overlay networks follow certain connectivity topology and rules for
inserting and removing nodes (peer IDs) from the overlay graph.
• i.e. a cloud allows workloads to be deployed and scaled out quickly through
rapid provisioning of virtual or physical machines.
• Finally, the cloud system should be able to monitor resource use in real time
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to enable rebalancing of allocations when needed.
• For example, a service can be implemented either in .Net or J2EE, and the 18
application consuming the service can be on a different platform or language.
• Service provider: The service provider is the maintainer of the service and
the organization that makes available one or more services for others to
use.
• Service consumer: The service consumer can locate the service metadata in
the registry and develop the required client components to bind and use
the service.
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• Web programming model for scalable data processing on large clusters over
large data sets.
• Then applies a Reduce function to merge all intermediate values with the
same intermediate key.
• The package enables users to write and run applications over vast amounts
of distributed data.
• Scalability: Users can easily scale Hadoop to store and process petabytes of data in
the web space.
• Efficient: Processes data with a high degree of parallelism across a large number of
commodity nodes.
• Cloud computing has evolved from cluster, grid, and utility computing.
• A public cloud is built over the Internet and can be accessed by any user
who has paid for the service.
• Public clouds are owned by service providers and are accessible through
a subscription.
• Google App Engine (GAE), Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure,
IBM Blue Cloud, and Salesforce.com’s Force.com.
• Client owned and managed, and access is limited to the owning clients
and their partners.
• NOT meant to sell capacity over the Internet through publicly accessible
interfaces.
• Private clouds give local users a flexible and agile private infrastructure
to run service workloads within their administrative domains.
• The Research Compute Cloud (RC2) is a private cloud, built by IBM, that
interconnects the computing and IT resources at eight IBM Research
Centers scattered throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia.
• A hybrid cloud provides access to clients, the partner network, and third
parties.
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• The services provided over the cloud can be generally categorized into
three different service models:
• All three models allow users to access services over the Internet
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• The user can deploy and run his applications over his chosen OS
environment.
• The user does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure,
but has control over the OS, storage, deployed applications, and possibly
select networking components.
• The user can deploy and run his applications over his chosen OS
environment.
• The user does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure,
but has control over the OS, storage, deployed applications, and possibly
select networking components.
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• This model provides users with a cloud environment in which they can
develop, manage and deliver applications
• Key Features:
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• Facilitates collaborative work even if teams work remotely
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• Through the application, users can store and analyze data and
collaborate on projects.
• Example: Google Gmail and docs, Microsoft SharePoint, and the CRM
software from Salesforce.com
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• Data is secure in the cloud; equipment failure does not result in loss of
data.
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