Scribd
Upload
17 views18 pages

Ch2 Tut Probs 2024-25-s1

The document is a tutorial for a Chemical Engineering course focusing on thermodynamics, covering various problems related to heat transfer, energy balances, and thermodynamic processes. It includes practical examples and calculations involving heat capacity, internal energy, and enthalpy changes in different systems. The tutorial emphasizes the importance of quantifying heat in chemical engineering applications.

Uploaded by

f20230900
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views18 pages

Ch2 Tut Probs 2024-25-s1

The document is a tutorial for a Chemical Engineering course focusing on thermodynamics, covering various problems related to heat transfer, energy balances, and thermodynamic processes. It includes practical examples and calculations involving heat capacity, internal energy, and enthalpy changes in different systems. The tutorial emphasizes the importance of quantifying heat in chemical engineering applications.

Uploaded by

f20230900
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Chemical Engineering

Thermodynamics
CHE F213
Ch-2 Tutorial
Dr. Ramendra Kishor Pal
Department of Chemical Engineering
What heat does and why it is important to quantify in ChE?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFyKgmnCF-8&t=258
1. A powerful electric fan is plugged in and switched on in a closed
insulated room, causing the air to circulate around the room in a
clockwise direction. After 14 hours, the fan is reversed, and air circulates
in a counterclockwise direction. After 28 hours, the fan is switched off.
What can you say about the temperature and energy of the room before
and after the 28 hrs? Make a temperature-time sketch and an energy-
time sketch for the room for these 28 hours plus an hour before and
after.
2. In the two processes shown in the following figure, the same amount
of heat, q, is supplied to equal amounts (in moles) of different gases, gas
A and gas B. Both gases are initially at room temperature. The heat
capacity of gas A is greater than the heat capacity of gas B. These
processes take place at constant volume. Which gas has the greater final
temperature? Explain.

Ans: B
3. An arrow is drawn back horizontally by a bowstring. Has the energy of
the arrow gone up, down, or stayed unchanged?
If you think that the energy is unchanged, why is it foolish to stand in
front of the drawn arrow?
4. 7.5 kJ of heat is added to a closed system while its internal energy
decreases by 12 kJ. How much energy is transferred as work? For a
process causing the same change of state but for which the work is zero,
how much heat is transferred?

Ans: -19.5 kJ, -12 kJ


5. The gas phase reaction A → 2R is conducted in a 0.1 m3 spherical
tank. The initial temperature and pressure in the tank are 0.05 MPa and
400 K. After species A is 50% reacted, the temperature has fallen to 350
K. What is the pressure in the vessel?

Ans: 65.47 kPa


6. A block of copper weighing 0.2 kg with an initial temperature of 400 K
is dropped into 4 kg of water initially at 300 K contained in a perfectly
insulated tank. The tank is also made of copper and weighs 0.5 kg. Solve
for the change in internal energy of both the water and the block given
CV = 4.184 J/g-K for water and 0.380 J/g-K for copper.

Ans: for copper block -7.566 kJ, for water 7.481 kJ


7. A tank containing 20 kg of water at 20°C is fitted with a stirrer that
delivers work to the water at the rate of 0.25 kW. How long does it take
for the temperature of the water to rise to 30°C if no heat is lost from
the water? For water, CP = 4.18 kJ/kg.°C.

Ans: 55.73 minutes


8. In a particular fountain, water is ejected vertically up through a
nozzle. If the velocity of the water at the tip of the nozzle is 30m/s.
Determine the height to which the water can reach in the atmosphere.

Ans: 45.87 m
9. Liquid water at 180°C and 1002.7 kPa has an internal energy (on an
arbitrary scale) of 762.0 kJ⋅kg−1 and a specific volume of 1.128 cm3⋅g−1.
(a) What is its enthalpy?
(b) The water is brought to the vapor state at 300°C and 1500 kPa,
where its internal energy is 2784.4 kJ⋅kg−1 and its specific volume is
169.7 cm3⋅g−1. Calculate ΔU and ΔH for the process.

Ans: a) 763.13 kJ/kg; b) 2022.4 kJ/kg, 2274.77 kJ/kg


10. In the following take CV = 20.8 and CP = 29.1 J⋅mol−1⋅°C−1 for N2 gas:
(a) Three moles of nitrogen at 30°C, contained in a rigid vessel, is heated
to 250°C. How much heat is required if the vessel has a negligible heat
capacity? If the vessel weighs 100 kg and has a heat capacity of 0.5
kJ⋅kg−1⋅°C−1, how much heat is required? Ans: 13.728 kJ
(b) Four moles of N2 at 200°C are contained in a piston/cylinder
arrangement. How much heat must be extracted from this system,
which is kept at constant pressure, to cool it to 40°C if the heat capacity
of the piston and cylinder is neglected? Ans: -18.624 kJ
11. Initially nitrogen is contained in an insulated cylinder of volume 0.01
m3 at a pressure of 15 MPa and 300 K. The nitrogen slowly leaks into the
atmosphere until the gas pressure in the cylinder is reduced to 10 MPa.
The temperature of the cylinder and gas remains constant at 300 K. If
the atmospheric temperature and pressure are 330 K and 100 kPa,
respectively, is there energy transfer as work? If so, determine the work
done by the nitrogen. Nitrogen obeys the relation PV=nRT where
R=8.314KJ/Kmol.K and n is the number of moles.
Ans: yes, -54.998 kJ
12. The conditions of a gas change in a steady-flow process from 20°C
and 1000 kPa to 60°C and 100 kPa. Devise a reversible nonflow process
(any number of steps) for accomplishing this change of state, and
calculate ΔU and ΔH for the process based on 1 mol of gas. Assume for
the gas that PV/T is constant, CV = (5/2)R, and CP = (7/2)R.
Ans: 832.71 kJ/kmol, 1165.51 kJ/kmol
Mass and Energy Balances for Open Systems
Energy Balances for Steady-State Flow Processes:

𝑢2
∆ 𝐻+ + 𝑧𝑔 𝑚ሶ = 𝑄ሶ + 𝑊ሶ 𝑠
2 𝑓𝑠

A Flow Calorimeter for Enthalpy Measurements:

22-08-2024 CHE F213


16
13. A flow calorimeter like that shown in Fig is used with a flow rate of 20 g⋅min−1 of the fluid
being tested and a constant temperature of 0°C leaving the constant-temperature bath. The
steady-state temperature at section two (T2) is measured as a function of the power supplied to
the heater (P), to obtain the data shown in the table below. What is the average specific heat of
the substance tested over the temperature range from 0°C to 10°C? What is the average specific
heat from 90°C to 100°C? What is the average specific heat over the entire range tested?
Describe how you would use this data to derive an expression for the specific heat as a function

of temperature. T2 /°C 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


P/W 5.5 11 16.6 22.3 28 33.7 39.6 45.4 51.3 57.3

Ans: 1651.65 J/kg.°C, 1801.8 J/kg.°C,


1720 J/kg.°C
14. The heating of a home to increase its temperature must be modeled
as an open system because expansion of the household air at constant
pressure results in leakage of air to the outdoors. Assuming that the
molar properties of air leaving the home are the same as those of the air
in the home, show that energy and mole balances yield the following
differential equation: 𝑑𝑛 𝑑𝑈
𝑄ሶ = −𝑃𝑉 +𝑛
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Here, 𝑄ሶ is the rate of heat transfer to the air in the home, and t is time.
Quantities P, V, n, and U refer to the air in the home.
CE2. You are making plans to stay warm in the winter. Due to your busy schedule,
you are typically away from your house all day. You know it costs a lot to operate
the electric heaters to keep your house warm. However, you have been told that it
is more efficient to leave your house warm all day rather than turn off the heat
during the day and reheat the house when you get home at night. You think that
thermodynamics may be able to resolve this issue. Draw a schematic of the
system, the surroundings, the boundary, and heat transport. Illustrate the
alternative processes. You may assume the house as a closed system. What is your
choice to save power? Justify your answer.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy